ILMU
ADMINISTRASI
PUBLIK
Administrasi Publik
Sebagai profesi
•
Menggambarkan sistem aktivitas
dari orang-orang yang bekerja
atau berkarir dalam birokrasi di
sektor publik.
Sebagai ilmu
•
Bagian dari ilmu administrasi
bersama-sama dengan ilmu
administrasi bisnis
•
Sebagai suatu ilmu, ilmu
•
Public administration as a field is mainly
concerned with the means for
implementing political values
(John Pfiffner and Robert Presthus)•
Public administration can best identified
with the executive branch of government
•
The process of public administration consists of
the actions involved in effecting the intent or
desire of a government. It is thus the
continuously active, ‘business’ part of
government, concerned with carrying out the
law, as made by legislative bodies (or other
authoritative agents) and interpreted by the
•
Public administration is the use of
managerial, political, and legal theories
and processes to fulfill legislative,
executive, and judicial governmental
mandates for the provision of
regulatory and service functions for the
society as a whole or for some
•
Public administration is the production of goods and
services designed to serve the needs of
citizens-consumers
(Marshall Dimock, Gladys Dimock, and Douglas Fox, Public Administration, 1983)•
In ordinary usage, public administration is a generic
expression for the entire bundle of activities that are
involved in the establishment and implementation of
public policies
(Cole Blease Graham, Jr. and Steven W. Hays,Managing the Public•
Public administration: (a) is a cooperative
group effort in a public setting; (b) covers
all three branches --- executive,
legislative, and judicial --- and their
interrelationships; (c) has an important
role in the formulation of public policy, and
is thus part of the political process; (d) is
different in significant ways from private
administration; and (e) is closely
•
Public administration is more than good
management; it is also good
government. Public administration is
part of the means by which people
Ruanglingkup Administrasi Publik
Konteks
• Politik dan administrasi • Pemerintahan dan bisnis
• Norma (efisiensi dan efektivitas; hak dan kecukupan proses pemerintahan; representasi dan pelaksanaan diskresi)
Nilai
• Kepentingan umum • Pelayanan publik
• Diskresi dan akuntabilitas • Etika administratif
Substansi
• Birokrasi dan teori organisasi • Analisis kebijakan
• Manajemen sumberdaya manusia • Manajemen keuangan
Birokrasi
• Hirarki yang terumuskan dengan baik • Sistem aturan
• Sistem prosedur
• Hubungan impersonal
• Seleksi dan promosi berdasarkan kompetensi
Ideal type of
bureaucracy
• Dysfunction
• Penipuan, pemborosan, penyalahgunaan • Kecenderungan overlapping dan formalism • Peranan rowing ketimbang steering
• Sulit menjadi organisasi pembelajaran • Lambat dalam pembangunan kapasitas
Patologi
birokrasi
• Pembangunan kesejahteraan
• Perwujudan sistem pemerintahan yang baik • Pemantapan etika pemerintahan
• Perbaikan manajemen publik
• Pengembangan masyarakat warganegara
Teori Organisasi
• Perbedaan perilaku individu, • Motivasi,
• Motivasi dan program imbalan,
• Ketegangan (stress) lingkungan kerja
Perilaku individu
• Perilaku kelompok dan tim, • Konflik dan negosiasi,
• Kekuasaan dan politik, • Kepemimpinan
Perilaku
kelompok
• Desain kerja,
• Struktur organisasi
Struktur dan
desain organisasi
• Pengelolaan proses komunikasi, • Pembuatan keputusan,
Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia
• Analisis dan desain jabatan,
• Perencanaan sumberdaya manusia, • Rekrutmen,
• Seleksi
Persiapan dan
seleksi
• Orientasi, penempatan, dan pemisahan • Pelatihan dan pengembangan,
• Perencanaan karir, • Penilaian kinerja
Pengembangan
dan evaluasi
• Upah dan gaji,
• Insentif dan pembagian pendapatan (gainsharing), • Manfaat dan layanan,
• Keamanan, keselamatan, dan kesehatan
Kompensasi dan
proteksi
• Tantangan hubungan pegawai,
• Hubungan serikat pegawai dan pimpinan, • Penilaian dan prospek pegawai
Daftar Pustaka
Gibson, James L, John M. Ivancevich, James H. Donnelly, Jr., & Robert Konopaske. 2004. Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes. 11thedition. Boston: McGraw Hill.
Harmon, Michael M. & Richard T. Mayer. 1986.Organization Theory for Public Administration. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
Lynn, Naomi B. & Aaron Wildavsky. (eds). 1990.Public Administration: The State of the Discipline. Chatam, New Jersey: Chatam House Publishers, Inc.
Patton, W. David, Stephanie L. Witt, Nicholas P. Lovrich, & Patricia J. Fredericksen. 2002.Human Resources: The Public Perspective. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Rosenbloom, David H. 1993.Public Administration: Understanding Management, Politics, and Law in the Public Sector. 3rd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Shafritz, Jay M. & Albert C. Hyde. 1997.Classics of Public Administration. 4th edition. Fort Worth, Texas: Harcourt Brace & Company.
Stillman II, Richard J. 1992.Public Administration: Concepts and Cases. 5th edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
