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JGEET
(Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology)
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and Technology
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Prof. Josaphat Tetuko Sri Sumantyo, Ph.D (Japan)
Prof. Mega F. Rosana, Ph.D (Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Abdul Rahim Samsudin (Malaysia)
Prof. Dr. H. Detri Karya, S.E, M.A (Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Sugeng Wiyono, MMT.
EDITORIAL MEMBER
Dr. Eng. Takahiro Miyazaki (Japan)
Dr. Evizal Abdul Kadir S.T., M.Eng (Indonesia)
Dr. Mursyidah, M.Sc. (Indonesia)
Dr. Anas Puri S.T, M.T (Indonesia)
Dr. Eng. Muslim, M.T (Indonesia)
Dr. Emi Sukiyah, ST., MT (Indonesia)
Dr. Sapari Dwi Hadian, MT (Indonesia)
Dr. Vijaya Isnaniawardhani, S.T, M.T (Indonesia)
Good Fried Panggabean, S.T, M.T (Indonesia)
Katia Nagamine Urata, M.Eng (Brazil)
Mirza Muhammad Waqar, M.Sc (Pakistan)
Kageaki Inoue, M.Eng (Japan)
Yuta Izumi, M.Eng (Japan)
Joko Widodo, S.Si, M.Si (Indonesia)
Yuniarti Yuskar S.T, M.T (Indonesia)
Dewandra Bagus EP., B.Sc (Hons) M.Sc. (Indonesia)
Budi Prayitno S.T, M.T (Indonesia)
Adi Suryadi B.Sc. (Hons) M.Sc. (Indonesia)
Babag Purbantoro, S.T, M.T (Indonesia)
Pakhrur Razi, S.Si, M.Si (Indonesia)
Eunice Wanjiku Nduati M.Agr (Kenya)
Muhammad Zainuddin Lubis S.Ik M.Si (Indonesia)
JOURNAL MANAGER
Catur Cahyaningsih B.Sc (Hons) M.Sc.(Indonesia)
Tiggi Choanji S.T, M.T (Indonesia)
EDITOR IN CHIEF
Dr. Eng. Husnul Kausarian B.Sc.(Hons), M.Sc. (Indonesia)
Journal of
PREFACE
Welcome to the Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment and Technology (JGEET). JGEET
is a peer reviewed, open access and online journal in English for the enhancement of research in
various areas of science and engineering. The aim of the JGEET is to give a highly readable and
valuable addition to the literature which will serve as an indispensable reference tool for years to
come Now, we’re publishing our new issue Vol 02 No 03 2017.
We are pleased the scientist and researcher to publish in this journal. This journal discussed the
topic related to the areas of geoscience, engineering, environment, and technology.
As the Editor-in-Chief of the JGEET, I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to
authors who have chosen JGEET to disseminate their research. Further, I would like to thank
executive editorial advisor, journal manager, editorial member and other supporting staff for the
success of this Journal.
We are more than happy to receive contributions for our next issue from academicians,
researchers, scholars and practitioners to ensure the consistency and the success of the Journal.
Thank you very much.
Editor-in-Chief
Journal of
Journal of
J
Geoscience - Engineering - Environment - and TechnologyEE
T
LIST OF CONTENT
Original Research Article
1.
Impact of Sulphur Content on Coal Quality at Delta Plain Depositional
Environment: Case study in Geramat District, Lahat Regency,
South Sumatra ... 183
2.
Geochemical Characteristics of Metamorphic Rock-Hosted Gold Deposit
At Onzon-Kanbani Area, Central Myanmar ... 191
3.
Characterization of Coal Quality Based On Ash Content From M2
Coal-Seam Group, Muara Enim Formation, South Sumatra Basin ... 203
4.
The Coherency and Correlation between Sea Surface Temperature
and Wind Velocity in Malacca Strait: Cross Wavelet Transform and
Wavelet Coherency Application ... 210
5.
The Metamorphic Rocks-Hosted Gold Mineralization At Rumbia
Mountains Prospect Area In The Southeastern Arm of
Sulawesi Island, Indonesia ... 216
6.
Mataloko Geothermal Power Plant Development Strategy in order to
Maintain The Sustainability of Supply and Demand Electric Energy in
Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara (A System Dynamics Framework) ... 224
Review Article
7.
Seabed Detection Using Application Of Image Side Scan Sonar
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Rot hery, D.A., 2008. Geology. M cGraw -Hill Com panies, Blacklick, OH. Or
Selley, R., Robin, L., Cocks, M ., Plim er, I., 2005. Encyclopedia of Geology. Geology 3345. doi:10.1016/B0-12-369396-9/00102-7
M agazi ne
Geo 2010 hailed as t he best Geoscience event in M ideast ., 2012. . Oil & Gas New s.
Jour nal
Schopf, T.J.M ., 1978. The St ruct ure of Geology . David B. Kitt s. The Journal of Geology 86, 278 279. doi:10.1086/649684
Thesi s
Coons, R.L., 1966. Precam brian basem ent geology and Paleozoic st ruct ure of t he m id-cont inent gravit y high. (t hesis).
Di sser t at i on
Beukeboom , T.J., 1976. The hydrology of t he Frisian islands (dissert at ion).
Repor t
Khairani, S., n.d. Tinjauan bat upasir silika sebagai energi sum ber daya alam t erbarukan di daerah bat am dan sekit arnya (rep.), Tinjauan bat upasir silika sebagai energi sum ber daya alam t erbarukan di daerah bat am dan sekit arnya
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13. Refer ences
Nat asia, N., Syafri, I., Alfadli, M .K., Arfiansyah, K., 2016. St rat igraphy Seism ic and sedim ent at ion Developm ent of M iddle Baong Sand , Aru Field , Nort h Sum at era Basin. J. Geoscience, Engineering, Environm ent , and Technology 1, 51 58.
Put ra, D.B.E., Choanji, T., 2016. Prelim inary Analysis of Slope St abilit y in Kuok and Surrounding Areas. J. Geoscience, Engineering, Environm ent , and Technology 1, 41 44.
Selley, R., Robin, L., Cocks, M ., Plim er, I., 2005. Encyclopedia of Geology. Geology 3345. doi:10.1016/B0-12-369396-9/00102-7
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Journal of Geoscience,
Engineering, Environment , and Technology
Vol 02 No 03 2017
Nasut ion F and Nalendra S / JGEET Vol 02 No 03/2017 203
Charact erizat ion Of Coal Qualit y Based On Ash Cont ent From
M 2 Coal-Seam Group, M uara Enim Form at ion, Sout h Sumat ra
Basin
Frillia Nasution
1*, St evanus Nalendra
11
Geology St udy Program, Engineering Facult y, Sriw ijaya Universit y. * Corresponding Aut hor: nasut ionfr illia@gm ail.com
Tel.:+62-852-7329-9464;
Received: M ay 22, 2017. Revised : July 5, 2016, Accepted: Aug 5, 2017, Published: 1 Sept 2016 DOI : 10.24273/jgeet .2017.2.3.292
Abst r act
M uara Enim Form ation is w ell know n as coal-bearing format ion in Sout h Sum atra Basin. As coal-bearing form ation, t his form at ion w as subject s of m any int egrat ed st udy.M uara Enim Format ion can be divided int o four coal-seam group, M 1, M2, M 3, and M 4. The M 2 group com prising of Pet ai (C), Suban (B), Low er M angus
(A2), and Upper M angus (A1). Deposit ional environm ent s of Group M 2 is t ransitional low er delt a plain w it h
sub-deposit ional are crevasse splay and dist ribut ary channel. The different iat ion of bot h sub-deposit ional environm ent s can be caused t he qualit y of coal deposit . One of qualit y aspect s is ash cont ent . This research conduct ed hopefully can give bet t er underst anding of relat ionship bet w een deposit ional environm ent s t o ash cont ent . Group M 2 on research area w ere found only Seam C, Seam B, and Seam A2, t hat has dist ribut ion from nort h t o cent ral so long as 1400 m . Coal-seam t hickness C ranged bet w een 3.25- 9.25 m , Seam B range 7.54-13.43 m , and Seam C range 1.53-8.37 m , w here all of coal-seam s t hickening on t he cent ral part and t hinning-split t ing t o nort hern part and sout hern part . The ash cont ent is form ed from burning coal residue m at erial. Ash cont ent s on coal seam caused by organic and inorganic com pound w hich result ed from mixing m odified m at erial on surrounded w hen t ransport at ion, sedim ent at ion, and coalification process. There are 27 sam ple, consist s of 9 sam ple from Seam C, 8 sam ple from Seam B, and 10 sam ple from Seam A2. Space grid of sam pling is 100-150 m . Ash cont ent influenced by m any fact ors, but in research area, m ain fact or is exist ence of inorganic part ing. Average ash cont ent of Seam C is 6,04%, Seam B is 5,05%, and Seam A2 is 3,8%. Low ash cont ent influenced by set t le environm ent w it h m inor det rit al mat erial. High ash cont ent caused by oxidation and erosional process w hen coalificat ion process. Ash cont ent on coal in research ar ea originat ed from det rit us m at erial carried by channel syst em int o brackish area or originat ed from higher plant in brackish area. The high ash cont ent also can be caused by aft er t he coal deposit ed. It had originat ed from overburden horizon w hich infill in cleat of coal seam .
Keyw ords: M uara Enim Format ion, Group M 2, Transit ional Low er Delt a Plain, Ash Cont ent .
1. Int r oduct i on
1.1. Backgr ound
M uara Enim Form ation is w ell know n as coal bearing format ion in Sout h Sum at ra basin. As coal -bearing form ation, t his format ion w as subj ect s of m any int egrat ed st udy, such as sedim ent ology, deposit ional environm ent , paleogeography, st ruct ure geology, t ect onic evolut ion, deposit ional hist ory, and m any more (De Cost er, 1974).
M uara Enim Form at ion consist s of sandst one, clayst one and coal. Coal in bot t om part of M iddle Palem bang form at ion in southern part of t his basin oft en used as st rat igraphy m arker. M uara Enim form ation can be divided int o four coal-seam group, M 1, M 2, M 3, and M 4. (De Cost er, 1974) int erpret ed t his form ation deposit ed in Lat e M iocene-Pliocene.
The M 2 group is com prising of Pet ai (C), Suban (B), Low er M anggus (A2), and Upper M anggus (A1).
Group M 2 consist s of int ercalat ed of clayst
204 Nasut ion F and Nalendra S / JGEET Vol 02 No 03/2017 research because it can find out crops such as on t he m ine w all, on t he cliffs of hauling roads, and som e rivers.
The region is adm inist ratively included w it hin Pullo Panggung Dist rict , Tanjung Lalan Dist rict , and Slem an Dist rict of M uara Enim Regency of Sout h Sum at ra Province. Geographycally, M uara Enim locat ed on bet w een 4⁰-6⁰LS and 104⁰-106⁰BT (Fig. 1). Research area can be accessed using light vehicle for five hours from Palem bang Cit y.
The purpose of t his research is t o ident ified coal qualit y in Pullo Panggung area, and object ives of t his research is t o m apping t he coal dist ribut ion based on ash cont ent .
Fi g. 1. Research area (Pem erint ah Kabupat en M uara Enim, 2012).
2. An Over vi ew of Geol ogy
2.1. Tect oni c Fr am ew or k
Sout h Sum at ra Basin form ed in Early Tert iary (Eocene-Oligocene) w hen graben series develops as oblique subduct ion syst em bet w een Hindia Oceanic Plat e beneat h Asian Cont inent al Plat e (De Cost er, 1974). There are t hree or ogeny episode w hich form ed st ruct ure fram ew ork of Sout h Sum atra Basin, t hey are M iddle M esozoikum orogeny, Lat e Cret aceous-Early Tert iary and Plio-Pleist osen orogeny (De Cost er, 1974),.
First episode, Paleozoikum and M esozoikum m et am orphosed deposit , folded and fault ed int o cont rolled Pre-Talang Akar form at ion developm ent .
Fi g. 2. South Sum at ra t ect onic fram ew ork (Pulunggono et al., 1992).
Third episode are com pressional phase in Plio-Pleist ocene w hich caused deposi t ional pat t ern changed t o regression and influenced t o form ed recent fold and fault st ruct ural st yle. On t his t ect onic period, t here also uplift ed of Bukit Barisan M ount ains w hich result ed Sem angko st rike-slip horizont al movem ent , orogeny in Plio-Pleist ocene result ed folds w it h NW -SE but t he fault s have NE-SW orient ed. Fault s w hich form ed in t his basin are t hrust fault , st rike-slip, and norm al fault . Dom inant st ruct ures are st ruct ures w it h NW -SE t rend w hich result ed from Plio-Pleist ocene orogeny. As pat t erns, st ruct ures can be divided into old pat t ern w it h N-S orient ed and younger pat t ern w it h NW -SE t rend w hich parallel w it h Sum at ra t rend.
2.2. Physi ogr aphy
Nasut ion F and Nalendra S / JGEET Vol 02 No 03/2017 205 deposit ed on transgression phase are Telisa Group
(Talang Akar Fm., Bat uraja Fm ., and Gum ai Fm .). On found in research area. Group M 2 cont ains m ajority of coal resources in Tanjung Enim area. The M 2 t w o deposit ional packages: Low er and Upper M uara Enim form ation (M uksin et al., 2012),. These t w o and t op) and also t he condit ion w hich influenced t he layer s.
Qualit y analysis of coal layer t o ident ified dist ribut ion of coal layer and geology factors. Research w ere conduct ed by reconnaissance
t hrough st udy lit erat ure and field observat ion, analyses phase (prim ary analysis and secondary analysis), and conclusion phase (result ).
206 Nasut ion F and Nalendra S / JGEET Vol 02 No 03/2017 Coal-seam t hickness C ranged bet w een 3.25- 9.25 m ,
Seam B range 7.54-13.43 m , and Seam C range 1.53-8.37 m , w here all of coal-seam s t hickening on t he cent ral part and t hinning-split t ing to nort hern part and sout hern part .
The ash cont ent is form ed from burning coal residue m at erial. Ash cont ent s on coal seam caused by organic and inorganic compound w hich result ed from m ixing modified material on surrounded w hen t ransport at ion, sedim ent at ion, and coalificat ion process. There are 27 sam ple, consist s of 9 sam ple from Seam C (Table 1), 8 sam ple from Seam B (Table 2), and 10 sam ple from Seam A2 (Table 3). Space grid of sam pling is 100-150 m . The coal qualit y analysis discussed t hroughout t his research w ere analyzed on air dried basis (adb.).
Tabl e 1. Ash value of seam C.
Tabel 2. Ash Value of Seam B.
Tabl e 3. Ash Value of Seam A2.
Fi g. 6. Out crops of seam A2, seam B, and seam C.
Sample Code Seam Ash Value (adb)
FR-01 B 5,63
FR-08 B 8,04
FR-02 B 5,61
FR-12 B 6,4
FR-10 B 3,07
FR-05 B 4,95
FR-14 B 3,69
FR-07 B 3,05
Sample Code Seam Ash Value (adb)
FR-01 A2 3,03
FR-08 A2 1,71
FR-02 A2 2,48
FR-03 A2 3,39
FR-09 A2 2,59
FR-04 A2 3,28
FR-10 A2 3,24
FR-05 A2 2,71
FR-07 A2 6,85
FR-06 A2 9,56
Sample Code Seam Ash Value (adb)
FR-11 C 4.66
FR-15 C 8,13
FR-12 C 6
FR-16 C 7,45
FR-17 C 7
FR-10 C 4,73
FR-05 C 5,59
FR-14 C 7,24
Nasut ion F and Nalendra S / JGEET Vol 02 No 03/2017 207 4. Resul t and Di scussi on
The ash cont ent s for all sam ples varies slight ly, w it h average ranging from 1.71-9.56 adb.%.
4.1. Ash cont ent anal ysi s of Seam C
Seam C on research area have t hickness around 3.25-9.25 m , w here divided int o 5 body w it h 4 part ing w it h various t hickness bet w een 5-30 cm . St rat igraphic profile of Seam C can be seen on Fig. 7.
Fi g. 7. Coal profile of coal-seam C in nort hern (left), cent ral (m iddle), and sout hern (right ) of research area.
Based on ash cont ent on Seam C (Fig. 8), show ed highest ash cont ent locat ed on cent ral part of research area, besides t hat nort hern and sout her n part have low ash cont ent . It can be caused by nort hern and sout hern part are depocent er of basinal area. This condit ion m ade coal layer on t his part have t hick layer and less of parting. The highest ash cont ent locat ed on cent ral part of research area, it indicat ed t hat coal deposit ed in edge of basinal area. This part could influenced by t errest rial m at erial. This condit ion indicat ed w hy ash cont ent on edge of basinal have ash cont ent higher t han depocent er of basinal area.
Fi g. 8. Iso ash map of Seam C.
4.2. Ash cont ent anal ysi s of Seam B
Seam B on research area have t hickness around 7.54-13.43 m , w here divided int o 5 body w it h 4 part ing w it h various t hickness bet w een 4-20 cm . St rat igraphic profile of Seam C can be seen on Fig. 9.
Fi g. 9. Coal profile of coal-seam B in nort hern (left), cent ral (m iddle), and sout hern (right ) of research area.
Based on ash cont ent on seam B (Fig. 10), show ed ash cont ent increased t o nort hern part . That analysis indicat ed t hat coal seam B in nort her n part deposit ed in edge of basinal area. This part could influenced by t errest rial m at erial. This condit ion indicat ed w hy ash cont ent on edge of basinal have ash cont ent higher t han depocent er of basinal area.
Fi g. 10. Iso ash m ap of Seam B.
4.3. Ash cont ent anal ysi s of Seam A2
Seam A2 on research area have t hickness around 1.53-8.37 m , w here divided int o 3 body w it h 2 part ing w it h various t hickness bet w een 5-10 cm . St rat igraphic profile of Seam C can be seen on Fig. 11.
208 Nasut ion F and Nalendra S / JGEET Vol 02 No 03/2017 Based on ash cont ent of seam A2 (Fig. 12),
show ed ash cont ent increased t o sout hern part . It caused by sout hern part is edge of basinal area. Coal w hich deposit ed in edge of basinal area m ainly influenced w it h t errest rial m at erial. It result ed coal in t his area have higher ash cont ent t han cent ral part . The low ash cont ent in cent ral part w as assum ed t hat minor t errest rial cont ent . It indicat ed t he area is depocent er of basinal area.
Fi g 12. Iso ash map of Seam A2. lit hology as charact erist ics of depositional processes influenced by t idal (Thom as, 2013) (Fig. 13).
Part ing occurence on coal seam in research area caused by in deposit ional processes of coal t here are flooding phase or form ed by t idal process w hich caused fine grain sedim ent also deposit ed coincided w it h coalificat ion process. But fine grain sedim ent w as not cont inuous deposit ed because t he lim it ed source of t his m at erial. The depositional process
st ill occupied to deposit peat m at erial and coalificat ion process. This process can be caused occurrence of parting in coal seam .
Ash cont ent on coal seam in research area originat ed from det rit us m aterial w hich brought by channel syst em int o brackish area or originat ed various t hickness (t hick and t hin). It influenced by t w o processes: process w hen deposit ional t akes place and process aft er deposit ed. First process is basin subsidence, if t here are rapid subsidence it could m ade t hick coal seam . Second process is erosional process by channel changing. It could be caused t hinning on edge of coal seam . On ot her M 2 in research area deposit ed in t ransit ional low er delt a plain w it h sequence int er burden charact erist ics, int ercalat ed of fine-coarse grain w it h fining upw ards and coarsening upw ards, t hick coal seam w it h cont inuous dist ribut ion.
Nasut ion F and Nalendra S / JGEET Vol 02 No 03/2017 209 Acknow l edgem ent s
This research w as funded by t he Sriw ijaya Universit y undergraduat e Geology st udy program. The aut hors w ould like t o grat efully acknow ledge PT. Prim a M ulia Sarana Sejaht era (Baram ult i Group) for t he support during field session and for providing som e coal analysis.
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