Fresh Water Sensitivity Test

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE FOR OIL & GAS TECHNOLOGY LEMIGAS

Journal Homepage:http://www.journal.lemigas.esdm.go.id

A CASE STUDY

OF FORMATION DAMAGE MITIGATION ON “X” FIELD, SUMATRA

STUDI LABORATORIUM MITIGASI KERUSAKAN FORMASI, KASUS LAPANGAN “X” SUMATRA

Septi Anggraeni

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ABSTRAK

Kerusakan formasi dapat menyebabkan turunnya produksi minyak, oleh sebab itu upaya mitigasi/

pencegahan kerusahan formasi menjadi sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Kenyataannya, semua operasi di lapangan seperti: pemboran, penyelesaian sumur, kerja ulang perbaikan sumur, produksi dan stimulasi berpotensi untuk menimbulkan kerusakan formasi. Pada kasus ini operator minyak A mempunyai rencana untuk membuang produksi air dari sumur minyak kedalam formasi B, J, K, D, M. Sebelum dilakukan operasi di lapangan, studi laboratorium harus dilaksanakan untuk meneliti pengaruh dari injeksi air tersebut kedalam formasi.Hasil test laboratorium akan digunakan sebagai masukan untuk perencanaan pengolahan air, sehingga air tidak menyebabkan kerusakan formasi. Eksperimen di laboratorium dilaksanakan dengan melakukan pengukuran permeabilitas air sebagai fungsi volume air yang diinjeksikan. Analisa XRD juga dilakukan untuk menunjang hasil penelitian. Di dalam studi laboratorium ini sampel batuan dari formasi B, J, K, D, M diinjeksi atau diuji dengan terhadap: air tanpa salinitas, air bersalinitas, air produksi dari sumur minyak yang tidak maupun yang di¿lter disaring. Hasil dari studi di laboratorium menunjukan semua formasi sangat sensitive mudah mengalami kerusakan formasi jika diinjeksikan dengan air dari sumur minyak lapangan X, demikian juga dengan air tak bersalinitas. Kerusakan formasi dapat dicegah dengan melakukan penyaringan dan menaikan salinitas air injeksi. Potensi kerusakan formasi pada umumnya disebabkan oleh lempung yang partikelnya mudah lepas dan termigrasi Kaolinite, Zalaupun ada sebagaian kecil disebabkan oleh lempung yang mudah mengembang Smectite.

Kata Kunci: Kerusakan formasi, air injeksi, pembuangan air produksi, pengolahan air, kompatibilitas air-batuan, lempung yang berpartikel migrasi, lempung yang mengembang

ABSTRACT

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Keywords: )RUPDWLRQGDPDJHZDWHULQMHFWLRQGLVSRVHGSURGXFHGZDWHUZDWHUWUHDWPHQWZDWHUURFN

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I. INTRODUCTION

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source of damage to well productivity. Formation GDPDJH KDV ORQJ EHHQ UHFRJQL]HG DV D VRXUFH RI

serious productivity reductions in many oil and gas reservoirs.

Formation damage may result from a variety RI FRQGLWLRQV$ V\VWHPDWLF DSSURDFK LV WKHUHIRUH

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laboratory core flow tests in order to generate realistic data which might be scaled to appropriate

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damage.

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stone with average porosity and permeability value RIDQGP'UHVSHFWLYHO\7KHLVVXHRI

the potential formation damage problem is of concern when water is not compatible with the reservoir IRUPDWLRQ3ULRUWRWKLVVWXG\RQWKHLPSOLFDWLRQVRI

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reduction of permeability caused by water that is not compatible with reservoir rocks.

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 7o determine the compatibility of reservoir rock and the fresh water.

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being used should be changed.

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might be occur caused by the incompatibility between produced and reservoir rock.

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produced water.

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by measuring water permeability as a function of IOXLG YROXPH IOXLG LQMHFWLRQ IUHVK ZDWHU VDOLQH

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of laboratory tests are used as data support for water WUHDWPHQWGHVLJQEHIRUHWKHZDWHULVLQMHFWHGLQWRWKH

reservoir formation.

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particles may block the reservoir rocks pore-throats which reduces the permeability.

II. METHODOLOGY

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A. Laboratory Test Preparation

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be used in the laboratory test.

1. Sample Preparation

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sandstone.

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lead tubes of the same diameter were prepared for WKH SOXJ¶V VOHHYH$IWHU GULOOLQJ WKH SOXJV ZHUH

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sample could be seated in the lead sleeve and the FKDUDFWHULVWLFRIWKHURFNVLVQRWLQÀXHQFHG

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values of porosity and air permeability are presented LQ)LJXUH. $WRWDOQXPEHURIVDPSOHVUHSUHVHQWHG

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damage test.

2. Fluid Preparation

In accordance with information provided by

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formation brine was used as saturating and displacing fluid throughout the sample preparation and PHDVXUHPHQWV 7DEOH  VKRZV WKH FRQVWLWXHQWV RI

simulated brines.

B. The Experiment

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would not cause formation damage.

1. Sensitivity Test on Fresh Water

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Table 1 Simulated brine data

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the samples were initially vacuumed and pressure saturated using the simulated formation brine as de- VFULEHGSUHYLRXVO\DQGWKHQÀXVKHGXVLQJWKHVDPH

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permeability was measured as a function of volume WKURXJKSXWEULQHYROXPHLQMHFWHG

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performed on ambient condition.

Figure 1

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2. Sensitivity Test on Filtered Water

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measured as a function of volume throughput (brine YROXPHLQMHFWHG$IWHUWKDW¿OWHUHG&,)ZDWHUZDV

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performed on ambient condition.

3. Scaling Tendency Analysis

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as a function of volume throughput (brine volume LQMHFWHG6XEVHTXHQWO\WKH&,)ZDWHUZDVLQMHFWHG

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permeability was measured as a function of volume WKURXJKSXW7KHHIÀXHQWZDWHUZDVFROOHFWHGZLWK

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Table 2

Results of the fresh water sensitivity test

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4. Sensitivity Test on Water Salinity

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was also recorded.

III. RESULTS

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the recorded water permeability at this condition .UDQJHGEHWZHHQP'WRP'

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this condition the water permeability was measured.

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Table 4

Results of scaling tendency analysis

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C. Results of Scaling Tendency Analysis

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Table 5

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D. Results of Sensitivity Test on Water Salinity 7KHUHVXOWVRI6HQVLWLYLW\7HVWRQ:DWHU6DOLQLW\

can be seen in7DEOH$W¿UVWWKHVDPSOHVZHUH

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“M” formation.

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Table 6

Results of sensitivity test on water salinity

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E. Results of Sensitivity Test on Produced Water

Salinity

Results of sensitivity test on produced water salinity is displayed in 7DEOH

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Table 7

Results of sensitivity test on produced water salinity

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IV. DISCUSSION

A. Analysis on Results of Fresh Water Sensitivity Test

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permeability ratios for most samples tested (ratio     ZKLFK PHDQV WKH VDPSOHV KDYH

character which is very sensitive with water.

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eventually reversed which indicates the presence of

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Figure 2

Performance of water permeability reduction of fresh water sensitivity test on sample no 170, “K” formation.

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comparison with water permeability indicates very ORZWRPRGHUDWHLQLWLDOOLTXLGWRZDWHUSHUPHDELOLW\

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in water permeability of the samples went up to LQWHUYDOYDOXHRIWR0RUHRYHUWKH

ratio of water permeability decreased to a range of YDOXHVRIWR7KLVSHUIRUPDQFHVKRZV

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reduction in permeability by an average value of

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of water permeability shows a low average value of

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ratio of water permeability decreased to an average YDOXH RI  ZKLFK VKRZHG -DJD IRUPDWLRQ LV

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migration as the value of water permeability at the UHYHUVHGÀRZLQMHFWLRQZDVUDLVHGIRUDOOVDPSOHV$OO

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comparison with water permeability indicates very ORZ  LQLWLDO OLTXLGWRZDWHU SHUPHDELOLW\ UDWLRV IRU

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ratio of water permeability to initial water perme- DELOLW\GHFUHDVHGWRDQDYHUDJHYDOXHRI7KLV

performance shows that the samples are sensitive WR IUHVK ZDWHU$OO RI WKH VDPSOHV VKRZ LQFUHDVHV

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Figure 3

Performance of water permeability reduction of fresh water sensitivity test on sample no 304, “B” formation.

Figure 5

Performance of water permeability reduction of fresh water sensitivity test on sample no 37, “M” formation.

Figure 4

Performance of water permeability reduction of fresh water sensitivity test on sample no 24, “J” formation.

Fresh Water Sensitivity Test

eventually reversed which indicates the presence of

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the water permeability reduction increased to a YDOXHRI)LJXUHGLVSOD\V¿JXUHRIZDWHU

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permeability to initial water permeability decreased WR D YDOXH RI  ZKLFK PHDQV WKH VDPSOHV DUH

sensitive to fresh water.

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and a decreasing ratio of initial water permeability WRZDWHUSHUPHDELOLW\3HUPHDELOLW\UHGXFWLRQGXULQJ

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various factors but it is fairly acceptable that the SOXJJLQJRFFXUUHQFHZDVOLNHO\WREHFDXVHGE\¿QH

migration and swelling clay in the rock samples.

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showed a decrease.

B. Analysis on Results of Filtered Water Sensitivity Test

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Analysis of fresh water sensitivity test result