i
COMPRESIVE STRENGTHS AND MODULUS OF
ELASTICITY OF STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
UNDER DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS
THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For Getting Master of Civil Engineering Graduated Program
Arranged By:
Mohamed Alfitouri Masoud
S100130013
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA
vi ABSTRACT
COMPRESIVE STRENGTHS AND MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE UNDER DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE
CONDITIONS
The aim of this study is to investigate the strength and modulus of elasticity progress of steel fiber reinforced concrete under different temperature condition on difference fibers volume fractions: 1) to analyze the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of steel fiber reinforced concrete on volume fractions of 1% fiber at three temperature levels of 200oC, 400oCand 600oC; 2) to analyze the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of steel fiber reinforced concrete on volume fractions of 1.5% fiber at three temperature levels of 200oC, 400oC and 600oC; and 3) to analyze the comparison of the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity at concrete without fibre on the same temperature.
This study will compare the compressive strength and modulus elasticity between plain concrete and SFRC containing various volume fraction of steel fiber as reinforcement on elevated temperature heating up to 600°C is subjected to some concrete and SFRC specimen. Material test aims to find out the quality of the material before making the concrete specimen. In this study conduct kinds of test, i.e. 1) Basic Material Test; 2) Compressive Strength; and 3) Modulus of Elasticity. The data analysis was conducted after testing of a specimen by comparing and analyzing the data obtained. The tests was performed compressive test and modulus of elasticity.
From the research findings can be concluded that 1) The addition of 1% and 1.5% steel fiber in concrete mix is advantageous for concrete; 2) Overall the compressive strength of concrete was increased as the percentage of steel fiber in concrete increases. Up to 1.5% , Steel fiber reinforced concrete showed a better overall residual strength and better crack resistance than non-fiber concrete; 3) The carbonation process for concrete with steel fiber is a little influenced by temperature compare to concrete without steel fiber; and 4) The concrete with 1.5 % steel fiber demonstrated the highest compressive and modulus of elasticity value, 23.5 and 17172 MPa at 6000C respectively. It is expected that in future concrete having steel fiber will act as a fire protective considerably.
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ACKNOWLEDMENT
First and foremost, want thank Allah I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to my father and mother, and academic supervisors of Dr. Mohammad Solikin and Yenny Nurchasanah, ST, MT who continously guided me throughout every step of my study and generously shared their time and knowledge with me.
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THESIS STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY ... v
ABSTRACT ... vi
1.5 Research Outcomes and Significance ... 6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ... 8
2.1. Thermal Properties of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures ... 8
2.1.1 Thermal Conductivity ... 8
2.1.2 Specific heat ... 10
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2.2 Mechanical Properties of Concrete at Elevated
Temperatures ... 13
2.2.1 Compressive Strength ... 13
2.2.2 Modulus of Elasticity ... 16
2.3 Basic Theory ... 17
2.3.1 Concrete ... 17
2.3.2 Steel Fiber ... 18
2.3.3 Effect of Temperature on Concrete ... 22
2.3.4 Compressive Strength ... 24
2.3.5 Modulus Elasticity ... 27
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 30
3.1 General ... 30
3.5.2 Compressive Strength ... 36
3.5.3 Modulus of Elasticity ... 37
3.6 Data Analysis ... 38
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CHAPTER IV RESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ... 40
4.1 Fine Aggregate Test ... 40
4.2 Coarse Aggregate Test ... 42
4.3 Temperature Test ... 45
4.4 Compressive Strength ... 46
4.5 Modulus Elasticity ... 51
4.6 Carbonation test ... 56
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 60
5.1 Conclusion ... 60
5.2 Suggestion ... 60
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LIST OF TABLE
Table 3.1 Material requirement for 1m3 and 1 mixture ... 36
Table 3.2 Number of Specimen ... 37
Table 4.1 Fine aggregate test result ... 40
Table 4.2 Gradation of Fine Aggregate ... 41
Table 4.3 Coarse Aggregate Test Result ... 42
Table 4.4 Gradation of Coarse Aggregate ... 44
Table 4.5 Compressive strength test result of experimental sample with and without SFRCat different temperature ... 47
Table 4.6 Modulus elasticity of experimental sample with and without SFRC at various temperature ... 51
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Variation in thermal conductivity of normal strength concrete as a function of temperature ... 9 Figure 2.2 Variation in specific heat of normal strength concrete as a
function of temperature. ... 11 Figure 2.3 Variation in mass of concrete with different aggregates as a
function of temperature. ... 12 Figure 2.4 Variation of relative compressive strength of normal strength
concrete as a function of temperature ... 14 Figure 2.5 Variation in relative compressive strength of high strength
concrete as a function of temperature ... 15 Figure 2.6 Variation in elastic modulus of concrete as a function of
temperature ... 17 Figure 2.7 Various Types of Steel Fiber Form ... 20 Figure 2.8 Modeling the Compressive Strength Test and Crack Patterns in
Concrete ... 24 Figure 2.9 Water-cement ratio relationship graphs and the average
compressive strength of cylinder ... 25 Figure 2.10 Relation between age and compressive strength on concrete ... 26 Figure 2.11 Graph fine aggregate percentages on the overall aggregate for the
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Figure 3.2 Compression test with Forney compression testing machine ... 36
Figure 3.3 Modulus of Elasticity Machine ... 37
Figure 3.4 Flowchart of Research Process ... 39
Figure 4.1 Fine Aggregate gradation ... 42
Figure 4.2 Coarse Aggregate Gradation ... 44
Figure 4.3 Preparation of burning the SFRC for 24 hours ... 45
Figure 4.4 Compressive strength test result of experimental sample with and without SFRCat different temperature ... 47
Figure 4.5 Specimen surface before compressive strength test ... 50
Figure 4.6 Specimen surface after compressive strength test ... 50
Figure 4.7 Modulus elasticity of experimental sample with and without SFRC at various temperature ... 51
Figure 4.8 Concrete with steel fiber ... 54
Figure 4.9 Concrete without steel fiber ... 55
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APPENDIX LIST
Appendix A Sieve Analysis of Coarse Agregate and Fine Agregat ... 68
Appendix B Compressive Strength Test ... 71
Table B-1 Compressive strength test result of experimental sample 83 Figure B-1 Compressive strength test result of experimental sample 83 Appendix C Modulus of Elasticity Test... 84
Table C-1 Modulus elasticity of experimental sample ... 85
Figure C-1 Modulus elasticity of experimental sample ... 85
Appendix D Carbonation Test ... 86
Table D-1 Effect of temperature on the depth of Carbonation ... 87
Figure D-1 Effect of temperature on the depth of Carbonation ... 87
Appendix E Picture of the Test from the Laboratory ... 88
Figure E-1 Compressive Strength Test ... 89
Figure E-2 Modulus of Elasticity Test ... 90
