interpretation is a product of oral translation. Simultaneous Interpreting:
interpretation that does not have a plan and concept. The interpretation is done directly on the spot.ex: tour guide.Consecutive Interpreting: is to interpretation ideas that come from the SL to TL and have a concept first. so before coming to the event already know what topic will be discussed.Ex: usually the result is in the form of points and the result is after speaking.Whisper Interpreting : there is a third person who is the interpreter and it is usually confidential. Ex: presidential meeting
The Dynamics of Translating
1.SL speaker; usually has the intention or a certain purpose; 2. SL Norms; which includes grammatical,conversation and related language social rules; 3. SL Culture; and 4. Sets; which includes place and time of production, and text form that is salient in SL. The other factors are viewed the through TL side, i.e. 5. TL listener; who can their own way to get the meanings of the text that can be different from what is exactly meant by the speaker of SL ;listener and; 6. TL Norms; some rules that could be different from SL rules; 7. TL Culture; the cultures that set TL and its speakers, and 8. Sets; place and time of lisntener, and conversation form that is various in SL. 9. the truth, in which the things that are told and stated in the conversation could be something that is not familiar or less understood, or understood based on the educational and cultural backgrounds of either the interpreter or the TL listener, and 10. the interpreter, who normally influences the rest of the interpretation
The Triangle Theory of Meaning
symbol. The first thing that comes to mind, can be in the form of signs, pictures, letters.
thought/concept : what do we think the concept is .ex :FISH
TL (referent): after the concept we unconsciously interpret the word FISH to become IKAN
Historical overview of translation.The first was the beginning of the Christian era, in which many languages, the most important of which were Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, and Latin, interacted to create a new Christian civilization and a changing Jewish civilization. The second began with the birth of Islam in the seventh century and culminated in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, especially in the city of Toledo, Spain, where Christian, Muslim, and Jewish scholars and translators from all parts of Europe and the Middle East undertook the great task of translating the classics. Greek and Arabic into the new languages of Europe and essentially laid the foundations of those new languages and cultures, providing a bridge to the Renaissance and the Modern World.
History of interpreting.There may be little evidence of the work of translators. It may be clear from the context that an interpreter is present but too often that interpreter is not specifically mentioned or mentioned in historical documents.
Interpretation has been around for a long time. Whenever people meet who don't share a common language, they have to settle for sign language or find someone who can speak both languages.
