HALLUCINATION AS PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOM REFLECTED
IN ARONOFSKY’S BLACK SWAN MOVIE (2010):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Proposed by:
FITRIAYU DIAH HARINI A.320 080 206
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
ii
APPROVAL
HALLUCINATION AS PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOM REFLECTED IN ARONOFSKY’S BLACK SWAN MOVIE (2010):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Proposed by:
FITAYU DIAH HARINI A.320 080 206
Approved by
First Consultant Second Consultant
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed Titis Setyabudi, S. S., M. Hum.
iii
ACCEPTANCE
HALLUCINATION AS PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOM REFLECTED IN ARONOFSKY’S BLACK SWAN MOVIE (2010):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by
FITRIAYU DIAH HARINI A. 320 080 206
Accepted by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Team of Examiners
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed (………..)
(Chair Person)
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M. Hum. (.……….)
(Member I)
3. Drs. M Thoyibi, M.S (………..)
(Member II)
The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si
iv
TESTIMONY
Herewith, the writer asserts that there is no work which was submitted to get bachelor degree in any universities. In this research paper as far as the writer concerns there is no work or opinion which was written or published by someone else except the written references which are referred in this paper and mentioned in the bibliography. If only there is any incorrectness proved in the future in the writer statements above, she will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, Februari 2012
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DEDICATION
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarokatuh
First and foremost, the writer would like to express gratitude and say Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin to Allah SWT, the most gracious, most Merciful,
and compassionate so that the writer can finish the research paper as a partial fulfillment of the requirement of getting a Bachelor degree of Education in English Department.
The writer is fully aware that this research paper could not be finished without the other people’s help. Therefore, the writer would like to express her gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M. Hum, the Chief of English Department in
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed, the first consultant who has guided and
given advices during the arrangement of this research paper.
4. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M. Hum, the second consultant who has corrected this
research paper and given suggestion for the writer and also as the Academic Consultant who has guided and helped the writer during the study.
5. All lecturers in English Department of UMS for quenching her thirst of
English knowledge.
6. Her great parents, Harto Soleh and Nur Hidayati, who never stop to give her
their love, prayer, and support in her life. They are her spirit and her reason to be the best in everithing. She loves them so much ever after.
7. Her lovely sister and brother, Wiwiet and Dinda, for their support and
attention.
8. Her dearest one Om Agung, who always accompanies her with beautiful
viii
9. Her best friends Reniawati, for the crazy things we ever do and the time we
share together.
10.Her dearest friends in Valentine boardinghouse. It is very wonderful to spend
the time with you all guys.
11.All her friends in English Department, especially for Class F.
12.The GD’s drama club and Rapma Fm 2008th grade.
13.His friends in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta and the other person
that she cannot mention one by one, for being part of the writer life.
14.Those who have supported her to reach her dream.
Finally, the writer entirely realizes that her paper is far from being perfect. Therefore, the writer is very pleased to accept more suggestions and criticism for progress of this research paper.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, March 2012
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TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER………... i
APPROVAL………...…... ii
ACCEPTANCE…...………... iii
TESTIMONY………..………... iv
MOTTO...………... v
DEDICATION………...………... vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT..………... vii
TABLE OF CONTENT………..………... ix
TABLE OF FIGURES..………... xiii
SUMMARY……...………... xvi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study... 1
B. Literature Review... 10
C. Problem Statement... 11
D. Limitation of the Study... 11
E. Objective of the Study... 11
F. Benefit of the Study... 12
G. Research Method... 12
H. Research Paper Organization... 14
x
1.Visual Hallucination……….. 23
2.Auditory Hallucination……….. 23
3.Command Hallucination……… 24
4.Olfactory Hallucination……….. 24
5.Tactile Hallucination……… 25
6.Gustatory Hallucination……….25
E. Structure Element of the Movie... 25
1. Narrative Elements... 26
a. Character and Characterization... 26
b. Casting... 27
2. Technical Element... 32
xi
b. Cinematography... 35
c. Sound... 38
d. Editing... 38
F. Theoretical Application... 40
CHAPTER III STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS A. Structural Element... 42
1. Narrative Element... 42
a. Character and Characterization... 42
b. Casting... 48
c. Plot... 49
d. Setting... 52
e. Point of View... 55
f. Theme... 57
g. Intent/Message... 57
2. Technical Elements... 58
a. Mise en Scene... 58
b. Cinematography... 65
c. Sound... 68
d. Editing... 70
B. Discussion... 71
CHAPTER IV PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS A. Psychoanalytic Analysis of Nina... 74
xii
B.Ego... 77
C.Superego...… 79
B. Hallucination as Psychotic symptom... 81
1. Visual Hallucination ………... 82
2. Auditory Hallucination……… 84
3. Command Hallucination……….. 85
4. Olfactory Hallucination……… 86
5. Tactile Hallucination………... 87
6. Gustatory Hallucination……… 90
C. Discussion……… 90
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion... 93
B. Suggestion... 95
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
xiii
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Nina Sayers... 42
Figure 2. Lily... 44
Figure 3. Beth... 45
Figure 4. Erica Sayers... 46
Figure 5. Thomas Leroy... 47
Figure 6. The setting of time... 52
Figure 7. New York City Ballet Company... 53
Figure 8. The Auditorium... 53
Figure 9. The Bar... 54
Figure 10. Nina’s bedroom... 54
Figure 11 Nina’s house... 54
Figure 12.The Stage ... 55
Figure 13. Point of view 1... 56
Figure 14. Point of view 2... 56
Figure 15. The suit for daily life... 58
Figure 16. The suit for party... 59
Figure 17. The suit for ballet dancer... 59
Figure 18 The make up for a white swan... 59
Figure 19. The make up for a black swan... 59
Figure 20. Soft lighting... 60
xiv
Figure 22. Strong lighting 2... 61
Figure 23. Strong lighting 3... 62
Figure 24. Natural lighting... 62
Figure 25. Set dressing of Nina’s house 1... 63
Figure 26. Set dressing of Nina’s house 2... 63
Figure 27. Set dressing of Nina’s room... 63
Figure 28. Set dressing of dressing room... 63
Figure 29. Set dressing of the bar ... 64
Figure 30. Set dressing of the auditorium... 64
Figure 31. The stage 1... 64
Figure 32. The stage 2... 64
Figure 33. Straight angel... 66
Figure 34. High angel...66
Figure 35. Low angel... 66
Figure 36. Long shot... 66
Figure 37. Medium shot... 66
Figure 38. Medium lose up... 66
Figure 39. Close up……... 67
Figure 40. Extreme close up... 67
Figure 41. The editing 1... 70
Figure 42. The editing 2... 70
Figure 43. The editing 3... 70
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Figure 45. Nina enters Beth’s room... 78
Figure 46. Nina closes the door... 78
Figure 47. Nina takes Beth’s lipstick... 78
Figure 48. Nina puts lipstick on her pocket... 78
Figure 49. Lily... 84
Figure 50. Nina... 84
Figure 51. Nina sees herself... 87
Figure 52. Nina stabs herself... 87
Figure 53. Tactile hallucination... 88
Figure 54. Sexual stimulation... 88
Figure 55. Fused toes... 89
Figure 56. Nina’s feathers... 89
xvi
SUMMARY
FITRIAYU DIAH HARINI. A320 080 206. HALLUCINATION AS PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOM REFLECTED IN ARONOFSKY’S BLACK
SWAN MOVIE (2010): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. RESEARCH PAPER. 2012.
The major problem of this study is to reveal that hallucination can be a psychotic symptom that caused by many problems based on the structural elements and to analyze the play based on the psychoanalytic approach.
In analyzing Black Swan the writer uses qualitative method and psychoanalytic approach. The object of the study is Aronofsky’s Black Swan released 2010. The writer uses two kinds of data, namely primary and
secondary data source. The primary data is Black Swan. While secondary data are the other data which have relationship with the study, such as some
biography of the author, the articles from internet, the books and the other relevant information. The benefit of this study is that the research can enrich knowledge of the researcher and other reader who have interest in literary work on movie with a psychoanalytic approach.
Aronofsky in Black Swan shows that people have limitation in psyche and they should have a balance between id, ego and superego to get
psychological health. Nina Sayers, as the major character describes and shows the effects of psychological disorder in form of hallucination that closely
