CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. The Nature of Reward System
1. Definition of Reward
Reward is a praise that given by person to other person when
they done something good. It can motivate people to do the task well
and also make them happy whenever they do the task because they
know that they will get praise. According to Kompri (2015:290)
Reward is an apperception of some achievement that is given for one
person or group, usually reward is given in material or verbal.
2. Purpose of Reward
In teaching and learning process, reward has aim to educate the
students. Give reward to the students can make them more active in the
class and do their task well. It also can make them more enthusiasts to
improve their achievement. According to Purwanto (2014:182) reward
is a tool to educated students, so that students will happy because their
attitude or their work is getting appreciation. Besides that, the students
will feel happy because the teacher is caring to the students and it will
make teaching and learning process become fun and effective.
Giving reward for the students can also motivated the students
to do the task well when teaching and learning process and it will
to get reward like their friend. Reward also can affect students’ attitude
in the future.
3. Proper Achievement or Attitude that make teacher gave reward
When teacher gives reward to the students, the teacher should
know whether or not students’ academic achievement or attitude is
proper to get reward. Teacher can’t give reward suddenly. If the
teacher gives reward without consider students’ academic achievement
or attitude, reward system will not have any effect for the student and
the reward has no education factor. The teacher can gives the reward
for the students when the students doing good attitude or when they are
reaching academic achievement. According to Conor A, Howlin
(2015:72) the following good attitudes that should be rewarded are:
a. Students keep their desk neat and tidy
b. Students being prepared for the next lesson
c. Students helping their friends
d. Student offer help to the teacher
The students should also get reward when they reach academic
achievement, such as:
a. Doing all their homework well
b. Having all their work done
c. Answering all question well
f. Got highest score in the class
4. Types of Reward
Use reward when teaching the students will motivate them and
incentivize them. The type of reward which will be used is always an
important choice for the teacher. When the teacher giving the wrong
type of reward, it will make students have different perception.
According to Conor A, Howlin (2015:73) there are five types of
reward, as follows:
a. Verbal Reward
This type of reward is done by the teacher through verbal
activity. For example, there is a students who done the task
well then the teacher says “Good, you did your task
quickly.” When teacher says that statement means that the
teacher giving reward and the type of reward is praise
reward.
b. Symbolic reward
Symbolic reward is giving children certificate or medals
signifying an achievement.
c. Token reward
Token reward can be give more than once. When it is
accumulated, it can win praises or the students can change
d. Tangible reward
Tangible rewards can be given to the students such as
sweets, toys or school supplies.
e. Score reward
This type of reward is given by the teacher as additional
score.
When the teacher choices the type of reward which will give to
the students, the teacher should pay attention of the impact which may
occur when teacher give reward to the students. The teacher should
make sure that the students did not think that reward that they get is a
fee or payment which is given by the teacher. Besides types of reward,
there is also the way to giving reward to the students. According to
Purwanto (2014:183) there are the ways to giving reward to the
students which will educated them, those are:
a. Teacher nods the head as the sign of happiness and approve
student’s answer
b. Teacher praises the student’s work. For example the teacher
says that student’s writing is good
c. Teacher gives a task for students. For example, the students
already finished doing task number one which is easy for
them then the teacher gives the task which is more difficult.
teaching and learning process then the teacher tell a story
for them.
e. Reward that given to the students might fun stuff and useful
for the students. For example pencil, book or candy. But
when teacher gives fun stuff to the students, teacher should
be careful and wise so that the students will not think that
the reward is a fee for them.
The teacher may use any reward but they should pay attention
when they choice types of reward for the students so that the reward
not turns into payment.
5. How to Giving Reward to the Students
The teacher should focus on some factors when they want to
give reward to the students so that students will not think that the
teacher is giving payment or fee. There are factors that should be paid
attention by the teacher when they give reward to the student, those
are:
a. Fair
Teacher should fair when giving reward to the students.
The teacher should not discriminate the students. If teacher
not fair when giving reward to the student, it will make the
students jealous and will make the atmosphere in the class
b. Depend on student’s characteristic
Students at university did not need reward as much as
students in elementary or junior high school. The teacher
needs to give reward to the students at elementary or junior
high school because they still need motivation when they
are learning.
c. Wise
Sometimes, there is student who want receive reward and
will do anything to get reward. So the teacher should stop
give reward to the student to avoid student who are not fair
when doing the task.
d. Do not often
Teacher should not give reward to the students often
because it will make them become arrogant and it will
make students do good thing only if they will get reward.
6. Advantages and Disadvantages of reward
Give reward to the students has advantages and also
disadvantages. There are some advantages and disadvantages of
reward, as follow:
a. Advantages
Motivated the students to learn well
Improve their learning
Create fun atmosphere in the class
Improve their academic achievement
Students will competitive fairly
b. Disadvantages
Makes students think that reward is a praise that they will
get when they do something good
Students will competitive to get reward dishonestly
Makes students learn only if they will get reward
B. Reward System in English Teaching Learning Process
Reward is a tool for increase student’s motivation in learning.
When students doing something good and teacher gives reward to them, it
will make them happy so they will do something good repeatedly.
According to Kompri (2015:289) Reward in education is giving when
students doing something well or when they are reaching some target.
Using reward system in the classroom can motivate and encourage the
children in learning process. Beside to motivated the students, reward also
has aim to make the students work hard to reaching achievement in
education or to improve their achievement that already they get.
Reward is an education tool which is fun for the students and it is
easy to be implemented by the teacher. The important things about reward
reached by them and it will make them become a better students and will
make them study harder.
Reward become one of important things in teaching and learning
process especially as external factor which can affect and guiding students
doing something good. But the teacher should take a note to giving reward
and follows the rule so that the students will not think that reward is a pay
from the teacher. If the students think that reward is a pay or fee, reward
system will not effective anymore to be implemented in the class. Pay or
fee is a payment of someone’s work or ideas. Payment that someone get is
according to their work, the harder the work is the much more the payment
is. Meanwhile, reward is different with payment because reward is an
education tool.
When students think that reward is a payment for them, they will
do something good because they expected some payment from the teacher.
So when teacher did not give reward, the students will do whatever they
want. When teacher give reward for the students, the teacher should
choose what types of reward that suitable and also choose the students
who proper to get reward and the teacher should not turn reward into
payment. The teacher should fair when give reward to the students so that
