Effects Of Pediococcus pentosacues Bacteria Isolated From Dadih to The Level Of TN^! F-α On The Inflammatory Periodontal Tissue Induced By porphyromonas gingivitis Bacteria Experimental Research Laboratory at Sprague-dawley RAT.

d##

F#

KffiffiWBffi

Yffiffi

PROGEEBIIIGS

*

I -i" lnLlont,.;itn Si ltrilLtrs !ntt,rnutiontrl Cont tttttan

li)ttion -l - I Octoher )A l i

L,cl19F

Pedioc'ctus perttosaLrus

BACI'ERL{

IS,LATLD

FRo\r

D.TDIH

To

r.rE

t.L

oF'I'NF-,

oN TIIE INFr-A\r}IATORY PERIODON'AL TrssuE

INDUCED B.i

po _{rp h y r o m o n}

a.s g i n g i r

il

i s IIACTE R I A

EXPERIi\IEN-IAL Rt.SE.\RCII LABORATOR\. \1.

Sprague _

tudet.RiT

Corrina Ileparti

\or

sr.iarni

Department o1' l)entistn,

Anclalas L,nirersit_l

rs _{Kemcriickarn St. Ellst.i:1i.}

prllrnr

INDO\trSiA

r,rirt )1l,rl:,ri! r,.,j.) I ., ,ri

Nila Kasutrra

fJepartment ol' DenlistrY

{nd,l

r.

I

_'111.'-;1t

Pcrinlis Kcrrcrclekran St.

I:isi.iaii.

pldang

INDON.trSt,{

l

l,ti :t'rtr

r

l,

*

.ii

ft

l l

{rL1a lrtrii-rn:i [)epi]rtntcltl o1' Dentistn

Andalas Universit),

Perintis Kernerclekaan St. East Jati. parlang

iNDONESIA j, lr::tirl'erirr; rlllil,.,,,,,

'I

RACT

luction

;

The primar,'- aetiologr'

ol

periodontal clisease. one

of *hich is

iniration

of

specific

--rs

u'hich

rvili

_{producc iipopollsaccharide toxins. T'hese roxins}

*.ili

trie_uer

ttr. prnarit,on,rt

rc.rorjrlg

ltictor alpha (TNF-u) _{u,honr the liigh productirit,l}

can lea,j tJ-bone

.*'ro.ii,o"

,fr.

':

ot

this studv rvas to detennine the efl'ects

ir"th"

r,"r1ir,.,,.ru\ _{p(,tl/ord(.eu\ bacteria q.hich}

',rrated rrcm dctdih to the amo-unt

or rNF-u

_{in rat perioclontal tissue}

inflammatio;

in;;ced

by

'.t

_{Potplt.vromonas gin,qivalis.}

ilIethod

:The study was contiucteC on 27 Sprague Dawley Rats

"'

of

3

treatment groups. Examination

or rr'*F-o

was conducted u1,

,,.ing-nnry..-rinn.a

:r- Sorbent Assa-v _{(ELTSA). Resurts :The resurt of}

Ar,\ovA

statistical test was

p:0.01

rvhere p

'

neans that alr treaiment groups had _{srgnificant differences. Conclusion:}

Dadih

canreduce thc

::: of TNF'-a in periodontal tissue inflammation.

:

rds

: Periodontal tissue inflamm ation, porphyromonas gingivalis, pe,iococcus

pento.saceus

\I'RODUCTION

Periodontal disease is a disease.with a high rate ofcomplaints. The number

ofthe

worldwide

ropulation who

suffer

from

periodontal disease

is

about 50% (wahy.ukuna".a

-zodij.

rrr"

':r

aetiology

of

periodontal.disease-

is irritation

of

_specific

pathogens'ia;.,

ioosj. rh"

jary

_aetiology

is poor

_condition

or

mouth cavity, smoking, education level, socioeconomic

..

age! pregnancy, generrc _{factors and systemic disease (Widya_stuti,2009).}

S;;.ii;;;;.g"r,

::r'e

the abirity to penetrate and damage _{the periodontal tlssue are porprtl.romonas gingivatis}

:

have the most rapid growth at the _{time orperiodontitis. In normar}

"ondiiionr,

trr.

i*"'r",

"i

' :ra was onry 10.6, while at the time of periodontitis, the number had risen

i","

i s.5

iFrr;;n

""a

:.rati

2008,

Carranza

and

Camargo 2006). porphyro*ono, gingivalis

rvill

remove

:rl-vsaccharide

:ring

_{of the protection} toxins

(LpS),

arrer

thai rhis toxin

*iti

i'nar"e ceilular events

which

are the mechanisms of _{the innate immune sfstem. Next, phagocltic}

cells such as :rorphonuclear neutrophirs'

Tonoi11.._

and

macrophag".

t.igg..

the

release

of

chemical

:itors such as _{cytokines cytokine cells that play a roie in-period.-o'ntal}

(lL

-

l).

_{lnterleukrn _}

6 (lL_6). _{lumour necrosis faclor-a} r

{Amin eral.

2010.

EIey

r),ot

:OtOl.

.

fNF-ut

and Interleron

-

_gamma

(lFl\-The in['lanrmatlo,

.rn]

-'

"''

;.iH

l*

:

jyj:

:;iTU[[Xi

ff

Tffil.i'J,::=ff

:,:,]

:::

i

l,

i n bon e resorp, i

on

rh e

r\i

,nu,,,,u,of

.u;;;,;,

,,i.;'lx,+l.r'-"rl;s*.T^.r,,1#:i:illi:^""lil::i

;ifrilIt;;':?bo,:

prorirerarion

and

_{dimerentiati",}

"i".;;;;:;";:::l::,r,.

bone resorprion by:

(r)

inducineu

rndirecrly. (2)

srir)urarins.",,il",l,l."lt-"jt]:t^:^?1:-t.r',:rs and acri'are rhe

osreoclast

tomrr,-I 5't' In clo nes ian Sc ho I a rs I n t er n a t i o nt) I (. o nr e n / i o n

London, 3 - 4 October

lali

rndirecrly. _{12) srir,uraring}

.ours.;.";;;;;;;#;;;,:?11

and

acri\are

rhe

_osreoclasr

formar

tissue.destruction _{periodJnsiumiEri.r}

r"/

l;0;;.

;:",;*:io'

I

collagen by fibrobtasts rhar trig

:j,J)h:

,*.

n..d

a medication ,r,u,

.,n

ini,ut,

o:,,,;::,Ji#::il,T.;"rl[J,,,,r

ff-*li

,.ilt, ,

t ) llldoltert:lti :-. :-,

-3tment, group 2 rvas the positive conrrll

:::

-:

-

:

I

-

!

i:

.r, :]

.'-

15 days. group 3 uas given trearm:r:

i-

_-.

- t __.- .

r.J Pediococctts penlosaceus bacteria fo: _.

-.:

Materials used

for

this studv

are

l-

-,:

: *

-J_ _A,

::liococcus pentosaceus _{bacteria isolere:}

::tr

jj,,-

r

.hd

uurtr

\1RS-B), the liquid of de Monitol N{eCi:

p.Ctl_.. .,rj "*,.,l

3HI

- A),

Brain Heart Infusion

Broth

E;:

_

:

.,.o.

ino,".

llosphate Buffer Saline, Alcohol,

disriii::

s:::

. ,.r,. ;rf*

::nis

and food for wistar rats, preenri"-l;::--_ _{u -r.,}

.,* ;i

r

rs

The tools used for this studl

a:3

.r.---.i:_:,:

,

o-

:,***

;nrer, Hockey sticks, lamp sprirus.

L:: -:

,--

- -,-5=,Ii,,*,

::nl<

for

Wistar_rats, Syringe size ,:,,C.

.::-

-_r, ."-. ]

.*,

:easuring cup, flask, glass

beaker.,,:i.

:_i-: irrl;: - r*rrr

:iasks, Refrigerators, eBioscience

ELISi i.

-

-

:-

::r.i

_{:,.f_a}

r

,*

:tecropholomete t.

Treatment procedure qas

rjr,r: :.. :,--:

- :_- -

_tr

,=_

Fsftive control andtreatment

grour

T:: *,3-:,

,-

rr

rr1]rmcr

-lpermolar teeth Ieft at a dose

oirr: ::. a:::,.

,-:.

_.r,;;, *=

,

.

. Todr1. rhe rrealrnerrr olperiodontitis is continuouslr

;:

:!^l?ril:;xi*,xiilki,Tr.;;;H,,Ijidl[:t1"11,"iff

','.n:ft

.,:

1l,jll,,on.

has been approved

u1

ux

rl.,.ougi'ift:;;'

ii

,,:'":,rr."9

in

adequare amounr

lradrtional

probiuri* ti,rt runy

peopre are consumed

ir,rrrr.H9

(B!rilait

_et

al.2009r. one of

bv Ihe peopre or wesr

Sumare'r.";;i.;;;;;:l::"i::'::o'n

t-t1/in

s

a homemade _probrorrc

d,

f

#

;

i:tlT

_{l l}

Hi

T,.,:T

dil

l'',i,::i-

il'

::,

:':I,'i[,.J,*,

i :

Ti

ilf

lh:hn

lJ,:

:*rj"li::;,Hl;l;:i#:,,,,,[::::J,j,,.i::l ;::::,;1,_1,::ji:;lti.il,

;i;Ji;,

,0,,

?t:

20n,

il.

;;)

";r';ili-,'"ffiffi,"*'jlr,tj:

il'ir,.".:,,,:l

.r,u,,",J.i,,i","rpu.*,n,,

Lacrococctrs bacreria. pediococcus _penlo\ac?us.

tr,"roror",l"rt;,l.lo

,milk

,(/ih

.dominated

by

r lrcrrc acid brcrerir is nisrn.

\i"in,.',

_{nr,r.rir",,i,)',,','^",1"^r..!,t} ,,orroris and lr/eiseila. one product

\pccr.rm

r\

_{uti;rurrr ,.,}

,,,

-.ni'],1'rln:':::::':]:o':::rh.rt

hJs Dacrerrocrns and rhe widcsr acri\'ir\

sing

chloroform. Procedures

of

ir.rr,-: -

:

.:

-- "

- -:;,

,,

"ere applied via sublingual adminrsrr::r:: :_-:

:

_..

. -r* r:x

ryr

:inimal

of bacteria colonies $ as atour

I ,.

:

_{_}

_

=

,a,,, ,.*,

l\F-a

is taken from the rat aorta and

::: ::.:..::

,,

.,.

,l

,,.,

ia*

ras separated and had TNF-o tested t,-.

::::.-

I

_.

!

:

spectrum t \-uliau _{ari et}

,t!

7(.

--'-'qr

_{qrrLruruLrc (rrar nas b.acteriocins}

and the widest activit\ ,rllamrnarrun _{eJuscd b-\}

oo;n"

t'

'n"

nisin

ian mrkc

lhe

./r,/i,

isolaiei-o*,.r,r

r1ltr

"r, *o

r"/ir,.i,^"i,;;i;,;;;fi"ii;:lijLX,"J'*[T,.r,;:i'e

Peaiucu,tcu,-r",,.).",,1'i,',rr,.,,

growth of gram-positire

bacteria"nag.r--o.gui*;

"

"""

il]own

to have the

ability to

_inhibit

r

Figure I Dadi, (Sourc€ Purwanti _{er a/. 20 I I}

)

II.

RESEARCH

METHOD

This _{srudy has received e.thical}

permission which wasfrom-the _Research

Ethics Committee

:!',:fr1'fltrffi:Ii?"r"1:i:t't'o

"r'i"d"r;;N;,;;;iKli,o,oro,,.rn.

pu.p*"

oirh-ii'srudy _is

o

f

rN F- cr

;

;

;";:

##;

i::ffii

#:;il,,:lJ:l;

[n

l. n

*",.

i,o r;

;.;;I;'

i"

ii

i",

o,n,

a

*,:#il,,'ili:-.il-i*ti{*:$*ffi

.:l*iil*.;tilffi

_{Figure 2}

Pra:s:_- ::

-xq:.:r

[image:4.612.19.386.233.571.2]

Figure 2 Procedure ofresearch I 5"' In,loucstr,,t Sch:tiars Inttt ttLttionttl {'onYention

l,tt:,lot i - I Octoh.r )Al :

.-.atment, group 2 was

*.

t":,1'::.:::l::] ::::l:.'*l'!,::i,.?,::,::,:::o:1,;:i:ilT,:',':il'i::ii.:'"'j:

:;',TTj;ll?1i*';";:J';;i;:li.::'.-,",:'

6'l P"rrtLrlr"trt",r'

qrrrgira/i' h.cteri:r

ror

r:

dar'

')na'ini,i'oiutpento.sa"ceu.sb-acte.:''al::t.ti'":

ii:?fi

:li,';:ffi;il

;ili

a r c

:

r

i

.

nr a i e,

w'

::".,:ii:;,"?

ll,^,:l: :.:i :

fl

:.Xfl

,

1,1i1::,1

.

,,*,*i,ll),')i',,;;.;,;;;;;,;';lll l':i

:::lf;'ill'^':1:'l-lit:ll"l:::iir""""."i"1,:lJ:'i!:1

,,fl:6:'fififfii;:il.

*;;;;i'i':1ti:9Go-s:

.:ili

*::jY-:i];""T1,1,*il"*'":ll:":#il

)"ti-'i,1"i.il;'*

ilf';i;

'1":1,1?T.1.-,,u);,13'li,L':'l;"lii'll:;,,:l'Ti'J

f;,::]:i::::i;

il],;,}'ri"il:d;';

'^i;;;'

;":!:*:':ll:ti':*,.T1.*;.l,li,llllio"on

nr'icr paper s'iandard

:

HilH

;"

J;

;

;

i

;'

*

::'

o 1"'.1 .'-'ll*'^"1

: : :::

I

:i:

T::

"'5*l'

:,.:

:['

"i

ii:',::'ilff;'

;;t;'';;;i

;"

Anaerobic

11

alo,e.droll::i'-'

::T'i':'

"'l::

,:l::;'::l:

.,",*.

riJ;lil;frIi"-r".,'i"'l'.ll'*

1":'t9'i::":.:""J":lI:"liil.:^=;.:,i,,:ll:'il,::[]ll

;i'J

,.l:T;l

iJ

;i

..;;;

'i,i

::.c

'::l-':n:.ll:l'''l:1,.:l:'1,1,:':li:i,

'I:li:l

;",]l

'J;li::

{i,,uT,-li:;l'#i.

;i,-;i^";*;,

g:^i

i:*r:::::

l:ililll.'lil)',1i"

-liil';

i,l'i;^?ll,'"1

:fill'lirll!;.i"*;ii";:,;;..

Er.rsA Kir

*,ith

catatogue n,mber E8'7J40. N4icro plate reader set'

S:ectroPholomcter'

,

..

.-

^{

r,^,.-1,,.i, .t,t..,1 1\

rtntt\.tlt, b..rr'rr

in tltc

-l

reatment f roccJurc \\

a\

(lrllr

br

the

tnirrtt"n ol

l-'e'vpl11' ''1' 'a'1'\ {/'sl1J11' hdilt'

:csitive control and treatment

*ro"p iit"

tnjcctiun uas performed

lt

theJunctional efttlt"ltrrm ofthe :ooermolarteethletlatadoseol0,5nl].Beibrethetrcatment.rats\\.ercanaesthetizedbetbrehandb-v

.ing

chloroform. Procedtlres

of

inl"tting

Pediotoctus [)ento\aretts bacteria isolaterl ftom dadlh

.ere applied via sublingual aOministration-for 5- days' The dose u'as abortt

I

ccltreatment rvith

a total

:inimal

of bacreria

cotonies;;;;;;;,2

x

108 cfu/ml. Blood samp,ng procedure

lbr

inspection of

III.

RESULT

The

data anahsis

*as

done

by

usins.{\oVA

tesr. The data normarily test was dor:

previously by using Shapiro

\\'ilk. *hile

the homoseneiry rest $as performed by using Lavene

tes.-The data results had data norrnalin test performed

iv

using test of normality Shapiro

Wilk.

Shapi::

wilk

test results sho$ed _{abnormal dara. hence dutu}

t.unlfo.,ration

_must

t.

oon.

_{frrst. The}

da:i

translormation shorred that all data normallr _{distributed. Levene homogeneity test showed that all}

t,

the data have the same variance

Table

I

The Results of

T\F-o

ler el rn the 3 eroups

I i,n I ndones iau Scht,

l;..

..-..-. -

-:

Jr1,s

ofinduction.

the rat negative control

arc

r.t!. :

_,

..-;ked _{the ler.el}

ol

_{T\F_cr lronr}

each

eroup

B....: .__: .- {;

j.ns. yet

it

rvas cancelled due to the amount

mr::: -_ "

,

;

;-.

'j

lrence. the blood srmpling is done fronr a

\i.: j._j

Scans shorved that the negati\e

conrrc

i-:-:

--,-r:rle

the positive control group had an a\err_::

,. .

-

::

_

:.

el in the TNF-o level of negative

.ont.ol

,cr.

-,

.,

,

,

.

:

.

!

ir :

a:-i at.the

:r

_line

with

time

ol

biood sampling ,r.he..

n"c;i,...

-. ,

-

-

" :

:

-r.

I

a research conducted b1.

\lJd:::: : . :

I

_ -".,

---,rgivenastressexposurcshichresults

ii::

_-_,_..

-

r=,

:::ss induced. This incident u.as preceded

i,. :_ ---:.. , . _ r

r

.i= brain alter

j0

nrinutes of exposure ro

sii.:i

-:

_,

:.,

r :

;t--ific

inflammaton- source of an rncreas:

:: 1,.:

-':rmation. _{No significant difference}

berr\e:_

..: _:i: , ". , ;

:he increased tinre

of

prornflamnr3ror.

-.1r. -:

,iied

hr

_{i6ssg3.i6;: anti-inflammaton}

j... . -.

-e _{researchers e,ant to assess the levei}

oiarr-,*

arl

,,_".--

,

-no

TheposrtireControIgroupalso:':::::::....".l

'.hrh)ltonas .utrtctt,tli, baclerid

Th(

r.:.:-.:

, ,

'

.l

-

--a

':es

is in

line rvrth a research conductec

:.. !.,

:,-

:

-

_

a::onse

of

rat

which rvere induced t,_,

t.-.,,.;,,.,

a

.=.

.

_"

,-.

' :!valis

bacteria-induced ATCC 3

j

2f

I

h:: :-:::

=,-;a,.

-"

;-,*

o,,

-

.:'h

_examination

dar \n

rncreasc

r- :- -:-. --

_

:Jucted

by

Mysak

eioi f:Oijt

"Ol.

..:,.= .-.- -.

\ rr

'.:Lyromo-nos _gingiroti.s.

O;. ;1i,. .:,,,,,,..- , '

-.-=

--

I "-'r

--.,r

laclor in the progression

ofprrr.,J,,,-. ..=...

'

-:eclive _tissue

gingilal

_{u.hich ca"}

dirc..:1..

::.::r . "

.---:

as

lipopolysicjaride.

iipw.r,.r,,:,_,..'- -_ . -

t". -;:"

-:h

_{may be}

a

_sign

lor

_{the hosts tha:}

t": -,: .

,. =.:.-rnse is cytokinJs

g.r.r;;r;.;r; ., . ;. -. .

".,

" ,;ttl;

- -tI

Clinical signs which appear in the

mJlri

j:

_"

-,

:,

r

ur.:r

ru

r:::ment

r::i

group or1 day 7 is area_induced gr:ns

:-::

:.:

: _

.,r

in.:

s&r side. Moreover, the _{reddish colour cl-ea:I.}

.,:,:. -;,_

::*

:is

,:-,.rdy started to disappear in rat. Redness an,j:_r3.

a; I

::,:

*ttr r

ntled

bv-Nitawati et al. (2014). In the srudr.

..:,=..'

.,. ."

_,n I

r:::tion

of Po4p hyromonas

gingivalr

bacteria.

After _{periodontal inflammation u.as indu:+c}

d:::s :

clx"

:i

tu :robiotic

bacteria originating from dadiA s-i*_

lal*,-

rl- r,,.,_*

_

r-*

r:'red

biood sampling was done and the level of

T\T_c

_-1

,,

*.*

,

the treatment group had an average r.alue of r..l C.

-_

.

::

i" i.

"

:rf,{-f,s _{showed that the amount}

of

_{TNF_o}

in

_the

treae::l;,; ;

rr::ive

control group and

it

is consistent u.irh

rh:

,J,I.,.,ro,*

u*::ase

in

TNF-o _{levels after administration}

of

paa"..,1.,

:mril

urhoea

rats. This is due

to

Lactic

Acid

Bacteria

t ,: I ,r:.r :r

tori::::\er

the growth

of

harmful bacteria.

fr.ti,".a_.-

1.._.

*, , ,,

'Ee:lcial^to

.neutralize pathogenic bacteria.

m,, J._

; ;.

rr:otic

\r:anti

food product due to the fact that

it

originacs

i._

,..--:.rr=

et

al.20ll).

Research on pediococcus pentosaceus has

nc be_

:,:B..,L- ror:

'nru'- researches on probiotic that have been done ia

tre

i..

!E:rmnu

'm ?:diococcus pentosaceus

as

all

the

p.oUloti" tu_._.

I ;. . ;*

-"r::ased levels of TNF-a after

administrati;

"ip,"bi;;_

i.._;

,o,

I 5'h lndonesian Sc.holars lnte.t,t.

Londox -l-JO;:.,1:,

T,\F-a Level ng/ml

r

+SD

,\egotiye co n t ro l gro up _0.2t

+

_0,1

I

Positive control group _0.31

+

_0.29

Tre0tment group 0.06

+

0.01

Homogeneity test and Levene test were qualified for the Anova test. one uay

ANovA t:,

shgyed p = 0 01 where p <0.05 means that

all

treatment groups had significant differences. AIter nc

ANovA

results obtained, then

the

Least Significant Difierence

1lsol

test

*u,

p..ro.r"a

,

determine the differences ofaverage level

ofTNF-o

in each group.

Table 2 LSQ Test

Treatment

group

Comparison

p

Negatir.e

Control

positive Control

T.e"d;i 0;jtj

Treatment

0,001 *

,_,_

Negative

Control

0,002j'-___

Treatment

LSD

test results showed

that

there were significant differences between

the

treatmr:'r

positive control and negative control (P <0.005) and _{there was no significant difference between}

ur

positive control and negative control (p> 0.0C5).

IV.

DISCUSSION

Periodontal disease

is

a common infection that requires serious mouth cavity health

Periodontal disease is associated with infection ofgram-negaiive bacteria.

c.u*-n.jutiJ"o,uy,

endotoxin to perform repeat infection in the host, which usuafly starts from

t.

.a"g"

oi

trr" ginl

flt-":r::i1,::"Olitl1,

to the deeper parts, including the destruition

of

the periodoitat tigamenr

bone alveolar. Therefore,

it

ii

necessary

to

do"a."r.ui.t

on

"rr".gJr'"ip"rr"ai1-"r

inflammatory (Liao et

ar.20l3).

_{The study nowadays is using rats as a research model.}

This study

used

the

induction method

of

porpiyromonas

gingivalis

_{bacteria to}

periodontal tissues of rat become _{inflammatory. The induction was performed in the}

positive r

group and the heatmenr group during the

first

r5 days in the first moiar

oflert

upp"rju'w oirats [image:5.612.41.382.47.478.2]

Ir**$r'u.*"ffi

.'[Si

ai[lt,al

i*:r',*itil'i(li,

:]:::'1,'

ir.)l

:':'

1,,:::;r''

i

*,:

,,

i ,,

iii ,,,,l*,1i;il**''.;,li1.

;,''

:ii;:

l:l;11,:

il:ii'

:,

'

i""'i;'

;1-u,::lIiit:ti,li'':r.

:'il"l;';''

:l:rl::r'

r'

;'';'r"'..''

,,

i ;

l,

i".'

1.,,,',,,,',i.i

*1.'*',"''i*':'i

.1;,'t

;ii,

f

-iilq-

-

=;*

,

ili,;i;1::,ti[t,i1r]1,r:,-,

ij,;[;,;1;;r1i;i,1I;i',

**il;*"-::*,m$[i;sn

';ii:i:l

:r1ir["$r*i1

1*

"

;i:*,:l

l..1l:

tl':i':i;:

;'

li:rlril':

"'1"u'"."

'

"'

cL

qr*t*#f

*t*Mi:s$-"s\i**$

.

',gIhtlt::"::ffi;sg;ignxr,l"tff::.:::'

:,*d

,i:'"",1[1.

[

;.,::

::

:

:'f

'.\,

.;i:i:l'iti[.';i"'

"0"

I i"' I nJont.s i ot t .\, lt o I tr : I tttL r ntt t i o ttt I C onr ttt I i tt tt 1-rrrirt'r,rt I I Ottoh'-'r ll)15

is not knorvn

*

ilh certaint). but

lilcr:

.rr: periodontal discase (Bonifeit

i'i,ir

lirL 'r

i.

Probiotic bacteria se':rct:

l'.\. lrl':

rrhr.lr

eutr rnhihit

trr.

-r "

I

(2007) and Koll-KLris .

i .r.

,l

:

Lactobacillus

buiulrt.'Lr

.l:l.l

l.r

[',l'lttt.'ttt"'t,t'

'

-

:

those bacteria.

l.

Probiotic becteriit

It.t!.

tt:: ,LLiiitr l!r !rlrllpctc

$ith

the pathogen bacteria'

-l

Probiotrc

brctcnrt

:-t r,

::rli rnllrltlntatory

effeCts

that

Can

inhibit the

Secrction ot

intlarnnrarorr

.\rrf,rr.'

Tir::r tlrcc

nrccltanisms have the djrecrh aird indirccrll'e11!ct t,

per r0ti0ntal ilts:,,.e

:,'\ c[iLL xre(]hanisms that scerl to inr olr c

lll

tilc

trealnle-..,1

1..1;1g111,cins.

t\\o olthem

are r.uterin and reuteri.

.,rl:,,:;nir

b:icteria: Researcir conductcd b1' Stalnatova .

:r

Ll.rlr\\

tlr.)10) mentioned that Lactobacillus rharrn

:li,lr-r.illi

strains

*'erc

able

to

inhibit

thc

gro\\ tl

I'

lrird is ablc to inhlbit the pathogenic etf.cts produc.l

Proriuitisn ot rnti rtti; r rr j-ri.il \riir5i jir.,

aqrilst oral pilltof,e!-(

I

i"

lnLlctte;ion.Sc'/irr,/.rr . r"

-l,ttndon. -1

-:

t

rtic

tablet regularlr. Another research _1:

r I1rornfl.,n]ill.il,

rr .r

tokinc in

.'in:i

.

i

.

:

other research x'as donc

by

Ricctlt

.'

.

rn e1-fect ol Lactohctcillus brell.r in chr-,: : p.rrient inh

'l;,1 rrlre.hinS

conJ(r.tr.

' nLr

dJ).

tl.cre

irr'

inlnrc\crlrcl

ll.

,:que index. gingival indcx and

L.i::-

-.'rc rr.rs itl.u,le.rc.r.irtr

o1

f".

,

palient::rlirrr

ln tltts

cr.c Rt.-i

'i' o\idc

so that the

actl\il)'

of

PCLI

.

-tilization

ri1- probiotic

in

per,,J,

r

,

.

probiotic baclcria (.loseplt.

lirl:

:

-,r,1 _{ostL'ohlasl ccll lbrnrrtir-.n.}

Tl: -,

r!- that is causecl bv periticiont:l

ir-:

-

,n the rascarch ruthor hr\ !'

:..i-r-.

vin5-

'hc

di-irn el r..-

'--'

.lll .li-.-

lt -t.l.ti'.r.

i

t

r..

.

l 1,te1t g j1.,;

h.

_llrg

"-.-

.:.

-\'\l

sltl(l)

<hUrtlJ _f,ror

l .

'l

.

iie

colrtrul group he..,....

rl .

--,rrlr

on tlre ilnpro\enr(

-:rore _specific.

n(\t \tudi(..ltortl'l

c :.f. .

'

..Lr-

-'l\-ll ttr.l .l<

:

ncrt rcscarch shoulrl

conrl-::.

:

.

trteJ tr itlt 17.r,/l/r eflr. r i . .

'.

.

LLISIOT"

.! i et oc c tt s pcl?1oJ.7a'cil-r baatar -.

. - ritrdontal tissuc

tnll:llntott,

\CES

.

(2010). Prospek Probiotik dalam

P:::,::

:olar yang Diinduksi

Lipopolisakarii.

,..

l.

2010: 150-1-53

.rine (2010). The Use ofProbiotics

fir' :. I,

: al. (2009). Probiotics

lor

Oral Hea.tt-.

1.1..-!

.

(2005). TNF-trandpathologicbone

re..::

-:-{,

Camargo PM (2006)

Etiolog

at.!. .

..

ikevold PR. Caranza

FA

(eds) Clinical

P::

::

.r ier, , p: I 60.

'

Cobb, Charles

M

(2008). Microbes.

Ir:l::-et

al (2010).

Probiotics

In

Periodontal

H::

:

101

I

Jan-Mar; l5(1):

23

28.

2010). Periodontlcs, 6m Edn. Elsevier.

Bririsi

(2000).

Cytokines and prostaglandins

in

ir

:

rdontal disease. J Periodont. 2000:14:1 12-.1-l

Bi:tr'.ilrL it

lifill-irl !!;aliaa

..))lf-of the probiotic

\ii..

' _{ilterairi,rl i,t}

ecrirr.nntellri

i _{i..rrilitri,ns t,: llre rrtcitth}

.__ l

Frgurc 3 : Ideal properties of a probiotic intended for use in disorders

olthe mouth (Bonifait et al.2009)

Effects of probiotics in decreasing the secretion of proinffammatory cytokines are asso'

wirh the decreased activity of Nuclear factor kB (NFkB) (the ex:lct mechanism is still unknowni

is

consistent

with

a

research conducted

by

Kusuma

et

al.

2008

regarding

the

effec supplementarion ofLactobacillus strain LIS10506 or LIS20506 that can inhibit the activity

ofl

and significanrly inhibited the expression

ofTNFR I

(which has a value equal to the TNF-0).

Research that supports this study is a research conducted by Shadnoush et al. 2013 aba.

eflect

of

Lactobacillus paracasei

B

20160 on the level of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokinei

results

of

multidimensional showed correlation between

NFkB

and pro-inflammatory c)'tol

When the pro-inflammatory cylokines increase,

it

may also increase the activity of NFkB, an.

NFkB

brings positive effect on the expression

of cltokines

such as TNF-o which can agg:

inflammation. NFkB is a transcription factor that plays important role

in

inflammatory cond

especially the secretion

-

of inflammatory cytokines.

Other research thar supports this study abolt lactobacillrs strain showed that probioi:

reduce gingiva inflammation and the number

of

btack-pigmented bacteria srch as P(r'ph)'ro'

gittgivalis which is sali!'a and subgingival plaque. The use ofbacteria whicl.r has benefit as L

Acid Bacteria

(LAB)

supported $'ith scaling and root planning (SRP) can block phatogenic b, gro\\th in periodontal pocket and reducing probing bleeding

in

animal trial. The other clinica

showed improvement in moderate to sevele gingiva inflammation and probing

of

adult patie r

71

D

L

T

rl

l

t

tt; ,t

rl

*

]lotictabletrecularl\'Anotherresearchprortdthf,t.onstll]llllcprobioticgttnrintrr'o*,eeks

,..'rroi.nl,.,".ru11:eltokine

in gingiritis faticni,(-\ irckf,llanda cta1 2010)'

.

",n"r

ra...,r.t

*as,lnne

Ut'R't' " {l

t1

r:'r'r-r

rn Bunlllil

'r

al

AAO)t

rbout

rn'i

:ron eflect of Lactohucillus

b'"'

i'

jn chronic perirdorllitis patient This stutil' uscd inhalation

. O*."i

i"nrt"a

refreshing concentrate for throat lhat contain Lactohacillus bra ls for four

:i

four dal's there \\'as lmproYement in discasc severirl'basecl on clinical parameters that can

.f"qr....a...

gingit"l

index anr'l blecding

in

probing

of all

patients

ln

addition

to

the

:here $.as also decrcas[tg

of

prostaglenJin

E]

(PGE2) ancl

matrir

metalloproteinases

lip.,i"ri-r"ilr."

i,r ttris caie Riccra er-,r/ conclLrcied that I'olohcrcilltr.r

bre'is

had

abilit)

to

::oriclesothattheaCtivityofPGE2ant]\'{}{Psrrhichareintiuctedbynitriteoridecanbe

'tilizationofpr.obroticinperiodontalcliseasel'elyrclatecltoitnnruneactir,ill'thatis

.i'pr"u.ir.

tr"iie,in f.it,s.pti

2011) ln

vittti

studv bv Nara

lr

o1 shoived

f i].'1',ill'll1ll:'

.:dostec-blastcellibrnlatton'TheoSteohleStce]]1.orma|itlnisr,cn,itlrporiantlnlnlpro\'lllg

,g. thnt is caused by periodontal disease (Chattcrjee

.r

o/' 1010)'

r- tlr< r-..e.rr.lt Juilr',1

hli(

.(IFBJ:rior-ilsing

the tiesign

oi.ta"utth''i'nto pre

and

posl

is

ner-esiarv hccause each tntruse

hi:'

rrelttstrcssresistallce.hcncetheincrcascitlthclerci:oil\F-ricantrcdeilnitclrcattsedL'r

. :icatlrent given

hl

the rese:rrcher:i'

,

n.*,,,ua_,

shouid pror.ide training

to

rat blood sampling conditions particLrlarll'lor the

:.rtive control group because that group were-never given an-v treatment'

..:arch on the improvement

of otiet

pro-rnllammatory crlokincs such as interleukin should

'rore specific.

.

next stuilics shotlld compare the levels

ofTNF-o

in inflamtraton'periodontal tissue

ofral

rr cre gir en ancl ri crc not given lhe clodili '

ncrt research sholtld compare the levels

olpro

ancl anti inflatnnlatotl cltokines uhich are .-latcd $ ith

dadil

elfectiveness in the inflatnmator'l' cvtokines

'..LTiSION

.iiocttcctrs p€lllosaceus bacterra rvhrch u'ere isolated

lron

cludih can altect the lerels

of

::rio<lontal'tissue inflammation induced by Prtrph;"romonaS gingivalis bacteria'

.

_:

\CES

:

(2010). Prospek Probiotik dalam Pencegahan Agresifitas Resorbsi Osteoklastik Tularig

.ofu, _Vung

Olinautsi

Lipopolisakarida

(LiS)

pada Penyakit Periodontal Dent

J

Yol

l5'

1.2010: 150-153

::ine(2010).TheUseol.ProbioticsfororalHealth-Theclinicaluseofprobiotikpage36-39

s/. (2009). Probiotics for Oral Health: My'th or Reality?

JCDI

October 2009'

Vol

75'

I

,.

(2005).TNF'-oandpathologicboneresorption'Kei.oJMed2005;54(3):127-131

:A.

Camargo PM (2006)

ttToUg

of

periidontal

disease

'

ln:

Newman

MG'

Takei HH'

.tevotd

pR, _caranza

FA t"ao dinl"ur

periodontology, 1Orh edition. st. Louis,

Saundres-:. ier, , p: 160.

'Cobb.

Charles

M

(2008). Microbes, Inflammation' Scaling and Root Planning'

ard

the

et

al (2010).

Probiotics

In

Periodontal

: 101

I

Jan-Mar; l5(1): 23-28'

,ri.l' I

Health and Disease.

J Indian

Soc Periodontol

d

)Ol0). Periodontlcs, 6ft Edn. Elsevier' British

(2000).

Cytokines and prostaglandins

in

immune homeostatis and tissue destruction in

,dontal disease. J Periodont. 2000;14:l 12-43

I 5'h Indonesiqn Scholars International Convention Lonclon. 3 - 4 October 2015

Fauziah,

&

Herawati,

D

(2008).

Aplikasi

Subgingiva

Gel

Metronidasol 259i, Set-ragai Bahn

Tambahan pada Scaling dan Root Planning. MIaj, Ked, Gi.

l5(2):183-

186

Joseph, Shiny (2014). Probiotics in Periodontal Diseases. IOSR-JDMS.Yolume 13, lssue 3 Ver. IV Kusmiati dan malik (2002). Aktivitas Bakteriosin dari

Bakteri

Leuconostoc Mesenteroides Pbal.ll

Pada Berbagai Media. lv[akara kesehaton, vol. 6, no.

l,

Juni 2002

Kusuma et al. _{{2008). Kemampuan} dari Lactobacillus plantarum galur IS-10506 dan 15-20506

menghambat aktivasi NFkB, meregulasi turun TNF- receptor

I

(TNF-Rl)

dan apoptosis brush sel epitel border Rattus non ergicus yang diinduksi LPS. J Kedokr Bra* ijctvu

2008;24:I-9.

Liao et

al.

(2013). Expression and distribution

of

TNF-o and PGEl

of

periodontal tissues in

rt

periodontitis mod,el.. Asian

paslic

JTopmed 20 I 4 (2 I 4-2 I 6)

Madrigal et al. (2002). The Increase in TNF-a Levels Is Implicated

NF-rB

Activation and I

Nitric

Oxide

Synthase Expression

in

Brain

('onex

dlter

hnrn,,hilizatrun

Strar

Neuropslchopharmacologl,2002

-

r,ol. 26, no.2. Elsevier siience inc.

\{olon

er al. (2014). Evaluation of the host response in various models of induced periodontal

in rat. J Periodonl. Vol.85. No.3

i\{-vsak et al. (2013). Porphvromonas gingivalis : rnajor periodothopatic patogen orer view

Hindawi

Publishing corporation. Volume 2014, 8 pages

Nitarvati et al. (2014). Respon Limfosit T Sitotoksik Pada Gingivitis Setelah PemberianKurkumin

Pustaka Kes, Vol. 2, No. I

Purwanti et al. (2011). Buku Ajar Teknologi Dadih. Cendekra Publishing House. Bogor

Shadnoush et al. (2013). Probiotic yogurt Affects Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Factors in Patients

Inflammatory Bowel Disease. IJPR. 12 (-1): 929-936

Usmiati,

Sri,

Risfaheri (2012). Pengembangan

Dudih

Sebagai Pangan Fungsional Probiotik

Sumatera Barat. J. Litbang Pert. Yol

l2

No.

I

N{aret

20ii:

20-19

Vivekananda et al. (2010). Effect

oithe

probiotic Lactobacilli reuteri (Prodentis) in the

ofperiodontal disease: a preliminary randomized clinical lrial. J Microbiol 2010,2:5344

Wahyukundari,

M.

A

(2009). Perbedaan Kadar

Matrix

Metall Oproteinase-8 Setelah Scal1ing

Pemberian Tetrasiklin pada Penderita Periodontiti Kronis. JPDGI, 58 (1): l-6 Widyastuti,Ratih.(2009). Periodontitis:DiagnosisdanPerawatannya.Jll(Gvol.6No.1 Yuliawati et al. (2012). The effect of Pediococctts pentosaceus on stool frequency, TNF

-

o level.

Microflora balance

in

Dianhea

-

Induced Rat. The Indonesian

J

Gaslro hepalo and

endo.

Yol. l3;

No2 Agustus 2012

I 5't' lndonesian Schola.s

ir::-,:

r,ri

- rmq

London.l-:O:'.-,-l

_

TRA D I TI O N A L V I L LAG E S I n* \' O L v E \ I E

\

T :

r

Rf, f L

f

C-I"l

FORTOURIS}I

STR{TfC\ l\ ]T

DHENNY YUARTHA

JUNIFTA

!-. \ r--I

r-!

Department of Economics Development

Brawijaya University

Malang, MT Haryono 165

INDONESIA

,ll:tqr_:,: . r11111l1X I i117 g111.;11 ,_ .,,

-|:3f lf, lf,ee

ABSTRACT

-ourisni development. in the long

tem.

rlll

r.-::::

i r

:

Td".Ea::,r.

o

order

to

protect the existence

of

lcrcai

i:--.* 3r

:,r-r"ur:,

:.grctioned to preserve the

equalin'of

God- hr:::-z--.. L-,:

:ia:n

E

*r.

Karana concept. This research aims to

ob-n

e

tie

:r:c'.,:-

u

r.rc

jevelopment in Bali. Adopting qualitarite approa;l--

::r: r'- lrrr

iruugh literature reviews. The result of thrs

r.ilr::

;-r:,E

i

:m

SaLl r

:r,olvement in creating tourism development

nra:

=::.*-r

,:t

-xmim

:erformed tourism development activities.

H:r::,

.

- ;:: tynu

:evived by involving traditional villa,ges in

cons:r-,c=i

rljsLnrtore

ru

Xeywords : Tourism, Traditional Yillages. T.:

I

-:

i.;.'r.,t.

I.

INTRODUCTION

{s

the main tourism destination

in

Indonesta-

tt r;

=s,'l:rc}E

ir L

ssues. Several literatures agree that tourism ha-i

tre-

hryR:.

:mrrih

.{ndraz, Nelia, and Norte, 2015;

Katircioglu

l0{F: K:=-

l}p- r

1008) as the catalyst to reducing povertv and prorrCcg

h:nrtrr

fr

p

rnd employment (Stylidis and Matina, 201.1. .{-odraz

\*hr

mt

fu

.. visible that the number of tourism sector cootn-bq:,oc

:r

:osug

lq

RGDP) of Bali which is always above 30ezi, from

dc

Gclr

mr;rr[.

fL

f!'

the tendency of the number of tourists and

hos

6er rr.r:cu

fu

BPS,2014).

At

the other hand, tourism also brings nesatir-e

rr*:ac tscd

The

open and

interactive character

of

tornism

r.aC

ry uS

L

Surwiyanta, 2003). Tourism, at first, gives positivc rnTc,-r

roryx&

!

participation of society, yet

it

is not guaranteed to

las

fcr

qr lqlr

1

:eates social externality which apparently inflrroccs

scrar

,}fm

Ctrao, Barat, and Pasquale, 2003).

Doxey (1976) divides the effect ofl tourism into fo.n fi*.e=a

Th

f,

nurism is claimed to give positive contribution toszrds

&c

3-o'-!

ndicated

by

the accustomed behaviour

of

societl'

loqads

lfffi@

r

aatters

of

interpersonal

relations start

to

shift

ino

farmlr,

c

Subsequently, the annoyance stage happens

in utich

6c

6mlm

roblems such as

(i)

trafhc

jam; (ii)

population densiq-: r

rr,

C"rlfi

Evestment; (iv) commercialization of rituals; (r,) imperson:.-

tB:

lrd[I

d) the negligence of local community participation in

imr:rrrrs

uura

76