Aspek
Aspek Hukum Hukum Pelayanan Pelayanan Farmasi Farmasi di
di Rumah Rumah Sakit Sakit
Drs H. Amir Hamzah Pane, Apt, SH, MH, MM*
Medan, 16 April 2011
(*):- Koordinator Penasihat Hukum Tim Penanganan dan Pertimbangan Masalah Hukum Tertentu Kementerian Kesehatan RI
- Dewan Pengawas RSKD Dharmais (2007-2011)
- Dewan Pengawas RSUP Dr Soeradji Tirtonegoro, Klaten, Jawa Tengah (2011-2016) - Dewan Penasihat Pengurus Pusat Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia (IAI) 2009-2013
- Advokat pada AHP Law Office: Health and Pharmaceutical Counselor at Law
2010-04-19 Seminar Hisfarsi, Medan 1
Website:www.amirhamzahpane.com
HAK DASAR DIBIDANG KESEHATAN
SOSIAL
The Right to Health Care
INDIVIDU
Hak atas
The Right
of Self Determination
Hak atas Hak atas
H A M
KONSTITUSI
Hak atas Pelayanan Medis
Hak atas Privacy
Hak atas Badan Sendiri
Hak atas
Rahasia Kedokteran
Hak atas
Informed Consent
Hak Memilih Dokter/
Rumah Sakit
Hak Menolak Perawatan/
Tindakan Medik UNDANG2
UU KES UU RS UU LAIN
2010-04-19 2 Seminar Hisfarsi, Medan
PELAYANAN FARMASI DI RUMAH SAKIT
UU NO. 36Thn 2009Tentang Kesehatan UU NO. 44Thn 2009Tentang Rumah Sakit
Pasal 30 s/d 35:
Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan
Pasal 7 (1):
Syarat Rumah Sakit
Pasal 98 s/d 108:
Pengamanan dan Penggunaan
Sediaan Farmasi dan Alat Kesehatan
Pasal 15:
Kefarmasian
PP 51Thn 2009Tentang
PEKERJAAN KEFARMASIAN
PERMENKESTentang
STANDAR PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN - KEPMENKES 1197/MENKES /SK/X/2004:
Standar Pelayanan Farmasi di RS
- Rancangan Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian (Sedang Disusun) 2010-04-19
3 Seminar Hisfarsi, Medan
STANDAR PROFESI
STANDAR PRAKTIK
GMP
GDP
APOTIK
INSTALASI FARMASI RS Pasal 19 PP 51 Th. 2009
STANDAR PRAKTIK
STANDAR PROSEDUR OPERASIONAL
GPP GLP
PUSKESMAS
TOKO OBAT
PRAKTEK BERSAMA
UPAYA KESEHATAN
MASSAL INDIVIDUAL
KEGIATAN
PELAYANAN PELAYANAN
KEDOKTERAN KEFARMASIAN
KEPERAWATAN
KEBIDANAN
KEDOKTERAN KEFARMASIAN
KEPERAWATAN
KEBIDANAN
PEKERJAAN
KEFARMASIAN PRAKTIK
KEFARMASIAN
STANDAR PROFESI
STANDAR PRAKTIK
STANDAR PROSEDUR OPERASIONAL
PHARMACEUTICAL CARE
PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN
PASIEN KESEHATANTENAGA
LAIN MASYARAKAT
KOMODITI ORANGNYA
TUGAS APOTEKER:
PHARMACEUTICAL CARE OR PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICE?
-The Idea of Professional care goes beyond the idea of profesional service
-While both refer to action, care adds a dimensions of concern and commitmen (Charles D Hepler, David M Angaran)
Pemahaman yang tepat antara “Care” dan “Service” mempunyai implikasi terhadap “niat” (intention) dalam melaksanakan Pekerjaan Kefarmasian,
Pelayanan Kefarmasian dan Praktik Kefarmasian Pharmaceutical Service:
An occupation that distributes
drug products with“business functions auxiliary to ……distribution”
Pharmaceutical Care:
An occupation that provides care, with drug products auxiliary to care
PHARMACEUTICAL CARE
PEKERJAAN KEFARMASIAN:
Pembuatan termasuk pengendalian mutu sediaan farmasi, pengamanan, pengadaan, penyimpanan dan pendistribusian atau penyaluran obat, pengelolaan obat, pelayanan obat atas resep dokter, pelayanan informasi obat, serta pengembangan obat,
bahan obat dan obat tradisional
PENGERTIAN YANG HARUS DILURUSKAN
PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN:
Suatu pelayanan langsung dan bertanggung jawab kepada pasien yang berkaitan dengan sediaan farmasi dengan maksud mencapai hasil yang pasti untuk meningkatkan
mutu kehidupan pasien
(Bandingkan dengan defenisi Pharmaceutical Care oleh Hepler and Starnd, 1989:
“Responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcome intended to improve a patient’s quality of life”)
PRAKTIK KEFARMASIAN:
Pekerjaan dan atau pelayanan kefarmasian yang dilakukan oleh tenaga kefarmasian di fasilitas kesehatan, fasilitas kefarmasian, fasilitas produksi, fasilitas distribusi, dan di fasilitas sarana pelayanan kefarmasian
POTENSI TERJADINYA PHARMACEUTICAL MALPRACTICE DI RUMAH SAKIT
PEKERJAAN KEFARMASIAN
Manajerial
Teknis
- Professional misconduct - Wrongdoing
- Neglect of duty MALPRACTICE
HUKUM
ETIK
Pendidikan
Latihan Paradigma Pharmaceutical care Latihan
Kompetensi Pengetahuan
Registrasi Lisensi/
Sertifikasi
Paradigma Pharmaceutical care dan Standar Profesi
Standar Pelayanan Farmasi di Rumah Sakit
Penyelenggaraan Pekerjaan
Kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit HUKUM
Etika Disiplin Peraturan
Administrasi
Pidana
Perdata
Dimensi Pelaku Dimensi Perbuatan Dimensi Akibat
1
2 3 4
5
THE MOST COMMON
CATEGORIES OF ERRORS AND OMISSIONS
Sumber : Pharmacists Mutual claims study, 2000.
2010-04-19 Seminar Hisfarsi, Medan 10
MAJOR TYPES OF DRUG RELATED PROBLEM
- Needing pharmacotherapy but not receiving it (a drug indication) - Taking or receiving the wrong drug
- Taking or receiving too little of the correct drug - Taking or receiving too much of the correct drug - Experiencing an adverse drug reaction
- Experiencing a drug-drug; drug-food; or drug-laboratory interaction - Experiencing a drug-drug; drug-food; or drug-laboratory interaction - Not taking or receiving the drug prescribed
- Taking or receiving a drug for which there is no valid medical indication
(Strand, L.M, R.J Cipolle, and P.C Morley, “Pharmaceutical care: Introduction”)
Distribution of Adverse Drugs Events
Table. How Wrong Patient Medication Errors Occur
Order written in correct chart, but order sheets Order written in correct chart, but order sheets have the wrong name stamp
have the wrong name stamp Transcription
Transcription
Order written in the wrong chart (or entered into Order written in the wrong chart (or entered into the wrong computerized record)
the wrong computerized record) Ordering
Ordering
Example Error Example Error Stage at Which
Stage at Which Error Is Introduced Error Is Introduced
Figure.Distribution of Adverse Drug Events According to the Stage of the Error in the Medication Process
PROBLEMS OF PHARMACY SERVICE
Nurse helping out a colleague: “Mr. Smith needs Nurse helping out a colleague: “Mr. Smith needs his Haldol; can you give it to him, while I take his Haldol; can you give it to him, while I take care of Ms. Jones?”
care of Ms. Jones?”
Administration Administration
Pharmacist distracted during order entry by Pharmacist distracted during order entry by phone call about another patient; resumes order phone call about another patient; resumes order entry with the wrong computer record open, so entry with the wrong computer record open, so that medication becomes part of the pharmacy that medication becomes part of the pharmacy order record for the wrong patient
order record for the wrong patient Dispensing
Dispensing
Order correctly written, but transcribed to wrong Order correctly written, but transcribed to wrong Medication Administration Record (MAR) for any Medication Administration Record (MAR) for any of a variety of reasons
of a variety of reasons Transcription
Transcription
have the wrong name stamp have the wrong name stamp
Bates DW, Cullen DJ, Laird N, et al. Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events. Implications for prevention. ADE Prevention Study Group. JAMA. 1995;274:29-34.
Zyloric
Zyloric//AllopurinolAllopurinol
Doxorubicin Doxorubicin
Chlorpheniramin Chlorpheniramin Carboplatin
Carboplatin
Wrong Label Wrong Label
Salah
Salah KemasKemas ObatObat (entry
(entry benarbenar))
Wrong Drug Wrong Drug
Daunoribicin Daunoribicin
Salah
Salah Entry/BacaEntry/Baca
Wrong Drug Wrong Drug
Chloramphenicol Chloramphenicol
Salah Baca Salah Baca
Wrong Drug Wrong Drug
Cisplatin Cisplatin
Salah
Salah Entry/BacaEntry/Baca
Bentuk Bentuk Kesalahan Kesalahan
Contoh Contoh
Transcribing/
Transcribing/
dispensing error dispensing error
Wrong
Wrong Dose &Dose &
and and
administration administration Bisolvon
Bisolvon
Nama adik Nama adik
Nairet/Terbutalin Nairet/Terbutalin Panadol
Panadol
Elixir 4mg/5ml Elixir 4mg/5ml 100 mg
100 mg
Wrong Drug Wrong Drug
Nalget/Metampiron&
Nalget/Metampiron&
Vit
Vit B1,6,12 B1,6,12
Salah baca resep Salah baca resep
Wrong Label Wrong Label
Nama kakak Nama kakak
Salah Etiket resep Salah Etiket resep
Wrong Label Wrong Label
Antibiotik Antibiotik
Salah label obat Salah label obat
Sol
Sol 10 mg/5ml 10 mg/5ml
Salah Dosis dan Salah Dosis dan Bentuk Sediaan Bentuk Sediaan
300 mg 300 mg
(entry
(entry benarbenar))
ASPEK HUKUM
PHARMACEUTICAL MALPRACTICE DI RUMAH SAKIT
PIDANA
PERDATA
Menyimpang dari Standar Profesi
Kesalahan
(359 KUHP)
Culpa Lata Culpa Levis Menyimpang dari
Standar Profesi Adanya kelalaian DI RUMAH SAKIT
ADMINISTRASI
Adanya kausalitas antara kerugian dgn kelalaian yg dilakukan
UNSUR STANDAR PROFESI -Berbuat secara teliti -Sesuai ukuran keilmuan
-Kemampuan rata-rata dg kategori keahlian yg sama
-Situasi dan kondisi yang sama
-Sarana dan upaya yang sebanding dan proporsional dgn tujuan konkrit pekerjaan kefarmasian yang dilakukan
2010-04-19 Seminar Hisfarsi, Medan 14
TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM RUMAH SAKIT
PERDATA
Rumah sakit bertanggung jawab secara perdata thd semua kegiatan
yang dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatannya (Psl 1367 ayat3 KUHPerdata)
UU 36/ 2009 ttg Kesehatan:
Psl 58
UU 44/ 2009 ttg Rumah Sakit:
Psl 46
(Psl 1367 ayat3 KUHPerdata)
Wan Prestasi
(Psl 1243, 1370, 1371 KUHPerdata) Perbuatan Melawan Hukum
(Psl 1365 KUHPerdata)
MASALAH AKTUAL KEFARMASIAN YANG DIHADAPI RS
APAKAH INSTALASI FARMASI DI RS SUDAH MENERAPKAN SISTEM SATU PINTU?
(Psl 15 ayat 3 UU No. 44 Thn 2009 tentang Rumah Sakit)
APAKAH PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA DI RS (PEMERINTAH) SUDAH
MENGIKUTI KETENTUAN PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA SEKTOR PEMERINTAH?
(PERPRES 54 Thn 2010 tentang Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa sektor Pemerintah) (PERPRES 54 Thn 2010 tentang Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa sektor Pemerintah)
APAKAH TRANSPARANSI HARGA OBAT DI RS SUDAH DAPAT DIAKSES OLEH PASIEN?
(Psl 15 ayat 4 UU No. 44 Thn 2009 tentang Rumah Sakit)
APAKAH PELAYANAN SEDIAAN FARMASI DI RUMAH SAKIT SUDAH MENGIKUTI STANDAR PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN TERKINI?
(Psl 15 ayat 2 UU No. 44 Thn 2009 tentang Rumah Sakit)
KESIMPULAN
• Risiko Pharmaceutical Malpractice di rumah sakit dapat diperkecil jika seluruh tenaga kefarmasian yang melakukan pekerjaan kefarmasian selalu
mengacu pada: Standar Profesi, Standar Pelayanan dan Standar Prosedur Operasional
• RS harus menetapkan standar pelayanan farmasi di rumah sakit sesuai dengan tantangan dan
kebutuhan yang ada saat ini kebutuhan yang ada saat ini
• RS harus menyusun dan melaksanakan Hospital by laws, Corporate by laws, Pharmaceutical staff by law yang mengatur tentang kewenangan pekerjaan
kefarmasian (tindakan kefarmasian) bagi apoteker
• Terapkan Good Pharmaceutical Governance
The pharmacist maintains control over all pharmacy activities. The ultimate responsibility rests with the licensed pharmacist
Visit:
www.amirhamzahpane.com