DESIGN OF A WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR PROPOSED BDA HOUSING DEVELOPMENT AREA AT JALAN ASSYAKIRIN, BINTULU, SARAWAK SHANMUGANATHAN S/O SINNADURAI

DESIGN OF A WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR PROPOSED BDA HOUSING DEVELOPMENT AREA AT

JALAN ASSYAKIRIN, BINTULU, SARAWAK

SHANMUGANATHAN S/O SINNADURAI

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

1D

2002

497

S528

2002

~ dn t f l .

DESIGN OF A WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR PROPOSED BDA HOUSING DEVELOPMENT AREA AT JALAN ASSYAKlRlN, BINTULU,

SARAWAK

SHANMUGANATHAN S/O SINNADURAJ

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) in Civil Engineering

Faculty of Engineering University Malaysia Sarawak

March 2002

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarallan

Ik

BORANG PENYERAHAN TESIS

Iudui: Design of a water distribution system for p-roposed BDA Housing Development area at lalan Assyakirin Bintulu. Sarawak,

SESI PENGAJIAN: 1999 - 2002

Saya SHANMUGANATHAN AiL SINNADURA I (HURUF' BESAR)

mengaku membenarkan tesis ini disimpan di Pusat Khidmat MakJumat Akadernik, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dengan syarat-syarat keguoaan seperti berikut:

I. Hakmihk kertas prqjek adalah di bawah nama penulis melainkan penulisan sebagai projek bersama dan dibiayai oleh UNIMAS, hakmiliknya adalah kepunyaan UNlMAS.

2. Naskhah salinan di dalam befllnk kertas atau mwo hanya baleh dibuat dengan kebenaran bertuhs daripada penulis.

3. Pusal Khidmat MakJumat Akademik, UNIMAS dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk pengajian mereka.

4 . Kertas projek hanya baleh diterbitkan dengan kebenaran penulis. Bayaran royahi ndalah mengikut kadar yang dipersetujui kelak.

5. '" Saya membenarkanltidak membenarkan Perpuslakaan membual salman kertas projek ini scbagai bahan pertukaran di antara inst.itusi pengajian tinggi.

6. ^h Sila tandakan (/)

SULIT (Mengandungi maklumat yang berdaJjah keselamatan atau kepentingan MaJaysia sepeni yang lermaktub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972).

TERHAD (Mengandungi maklumal TERHAD yang telah ditentukan olch organisasiJ badan di mana penyelidikan dijaJankan).

TIDAK TERHAD

Disahkan oleh • ~

cI~ ~ ;;;;)

(TAN DATANGAN PENU LJS)

AJamal tetap: 23. Taman SeJall

Jalan Sekerat 08000 SlUIgal Pelani DR NAB!L BESSAIH

Kedah. (Nama Pevelia)

~_~4_0Z/

Tankh . 3 APRlL 2002 Tankh

CATATAN Potong yang tidak berkena.an..

.. Jjk.a Kertas Projek W SULIT atau TERHAD. sila hunpirkan !(ural daripada pihak berkuasal organisasi berkenaan dengan men:yertakan sekaLi t.empoh kertas projd... Ini perlu dikelaskan

~ebagai SULTT atau T ERMAD.

APPROVAL SHEET

This project report attached here to entitled "Design of a Water Distribution System for Proposed BOA Housing Development Area at Jalan Assyakirin, Bintulu, Sarawak" prepared and submitted by Shanmuganathan

s lo

Si nnadurai in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Civil) is

hereby accepted.

. I,

'5

^_~

^{4 -} oz...

Date :

(DR. Naoil Bessaih)

~

Lecturer

Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering

Uni versity Malaysia Sarawak

/r.

^~I

.,

^. ,

J}/c.-.

-

..

^{Date: _._:, -_ _v _",_-_v ..:.!.=--_}

(Shanmuganathan

slo

Sinnadurai)

23, Taman Sejati, J alan Sekerat,

08000 Sungai Petani, Kedah.

til

Dedicated to my Beloved Parent, Sister, Brother in Law, Loves One & Friends

lV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The student will like to express the gratefulness and thanks to the lecturer and supervisor Dr. Nabil Bessaih, for supervising the project. He had guided and help the student whenever possible during the needs of his advice and guidance. Also not forgetting to wish my thanks to the PU Engineering Sdn. Bhd's, Cik Sharifah Raha bt. Wan Abdul Rahman for the assistance in giving out information, advice and materials whenever needed for the project by sparing her time for the student. The students will always cherish the moments of doing he project due to the support from the family and friends.

v

ABSTRACT

Water is one of the fundamental characteristics for the formation for living things. A water distribution system is used to transport water from a particular source to users.

The distribution system should satisfY the water supply in sufficient quantity with adequate pressure. The success of any water supply project depends on a thorough investigation and careful planning, design, execution, operation and maintenance. The role of an engineer is vital, as his knowledge and experience playa role in decision making at each and every stage of the project This project is about the design of a water distribution system for proposed BDA Housing Development area at Jalan Assyakirin, Bintulu, Sarawak

Vl

ABSTRAK

Air merupakan elf! asas yang membentuk benda hidup. Sistem pengagihan air bertujuan untuk mengangkul air daripada suatu sumber kepada pengguna. Sistem ini perlu membekalkan jumlah air yang mencukupi dengan tekanan yang sesuai. Sistem pengagihan air yang baik bergantung kepada penyelidikan dan perancangan yang menyeluruh, rekabentuk, pelaksanaan, operasi dan pembaikpulihan sistem tersebut.

Pengetahuan dan pengalaman seseorang jurutera awam adalah sangat penting dalam membuat keputusan pada setiap peringkat daJam sesuatu projek. Tesis ini adalah berkenaan dengan reka benluk sistem pengagihan air bagi projek Pembangunan Perumahan BDA di kawasan .lalan Assyakirin, BintuIu, Sarawak.

Vil

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

BORANGPENYERAHANTESffi ii

APPROVAL SHEET iii

DEDICATION iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v

ABSTRACT VI

ABSTRAK vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS VIII

LIST OF TABLES XII

LIST OF FIGURE xiii

LIST OF APPENDIX xiv

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

L 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1

1.2 TYPE OF BUILDING IN HOUSING AREA 2

1.3 OBJECTIVE 2

CHAPTER 2: WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 3

2.1 INTRODUCTION 3

2.2 DESIGN PROCEDURES

2.3 THE SOURCE OF SUPPLY 5

VUI

2.4 ESTlMATIO OF TOTAL NUMBER OF

HOUSING

UNIT')

6

2.5 WATLR

DEMAND

7

251 THE ESTfMATlON Of WATER DEMAND

7

25.2

SERVICE

FACTOR 8

2 5.3 PROVIS

ION FOR ADDITIONAL WATER

DEMAND

l\

2q

WATER DEMAND CALCUlATION 10

2.55

TOT

AL WATER DEMAND WITI I

ADDITIONAl DEMAND 10

2.56 MA.X1MUM DAY

DEMAND II

2.5.7

MAXIMUM HOURL Y OR PEAK CONSUMPTION 12

2.58 CR ITICAL

WATER DEMAND

13

CHAl'TER3: WATER 01 TRmUTIQ"II SYSTEM 14

3. 1

INTRODUCTION 14

~

..,

. l _

OBJECTIVE 14

3.3 TYPES OF orSTRrBUTION ' YSTEM

14

3.4

DESIGN OF RETrClILATION PIPELl NES 15

3.5

PIPES 16

3.5. 1

SFLECTI ON OF TYPE OF PIPE

16

3.5.2 PIPE MATERIALS 17

,

_ .)

^-

..> ^~

PIP E DESCRfPTIO

21

3.5.3.1

DUCTILE TRON

(D I) PIP!' 21

3.5.3.2 HIGH

DENSITY POL YETHYLFNE

(HDPE)

PIPES

21

3.5.4 PI PE CtAS [FICA TIO

22

3.5.5 PIPe DlAMETER SELECTION 23

36 RECOMMENDED RESmUAL PRESSURFS 25

3.7

FLOW VELOCITY 26

3.8

PE K DEMAN!) 26

3. 9 J

lEAD LOSS CALCULATION

27

39. 1 FRlCTION LOSSES 27

39.2

MINOR LOSSES

28

3. \0

FI lTlNGS 29

3.11

VALVES

29

CIL\PTER4: A ALY IS METnoD 33

-1

.1 INTRODUCTION TO WATERCAD _-'-' ~,

42 SING W

TERCAD 33

4.3 T

YPES OF A ALYSIS

34

4 ' I

STEADY ST TE A .L\L

YSIS

34

4.3.2

EXTENDED PERIOD A ALYSIS

34

4.-1 DATA INP UT

36

4.5

ANALYSIS RESVl

T 44

CASE 1: AVERAGE DAIL Y DEMAND 44

CASE 2' PEAK CONSUMPTIO 48

CASF 3: CR.ITICAL DFMA

D AT JlJNCTIO

11-1 ⁾

-.,

^­

x

CASE

J

CRITICA

L

DEMAND AT

J

H-2

56

ASF

3.

CRI

TI

L DEMAND AT JUNCTIO 11-3 60 CASE 3: CRlTICAL DEMAND AT JUNCTION 11-4 64 CASE 3: CRn'lCAL DEMAND Af JUNCTION

/-1-

5 68 CASE 3: CRITICAL DEMAND AT JUNCTION 11-6

72

CASE 3: CRITICAL DEMAND T JU

CT IO H-7 76

CASE 3: CRJTICAL DEMAND AT J CT10 H-8 80

CA

F 3:

CRITICAL DEMAND AT JUNCTJO Il-9

84

CASE

3:

CRITICAL DEMAND AT CTION H-IO 88

4.6

SUMMARY

OF ANALYSIS RESULT

92

4.6.1

AVERAGE DAn. Y DEMAND AND PEA K

CO SlJMPTIO 92

4.6.2 CRI TICAL DEMAND 92

CUAPTER 5: CONCI.l' 10 AND RECOMMENDATION

94

5.1 CONC

LUSION

94

5. 2 RECOMMENDATION

9-1

REFERENCE

96

APPE ' DIX

97

XI

USTOFTABLES

Page Tabl 2. 1: Fire Flow Requirement (Table 14.18 - Malaysia

JKR Standard) 9

Table 3.1: Pipes And Their Recommended Use (Table

14.10 - JKR Standards) 17

Table 3 2: Advantages And Disadvantages Of Various Pipe

Materials 18

Table 3.3: Ma'l.imum Permissible Workmg Pressure Fur 01 Pipe

(Table 14.9 -JKR Standards) 22

Table 3 4: Recommended Maximum Workmg Pressure For I lOPE Pipes

Table .5: Tbiel-ness And Diameter

or

^{Ductile Iron Pipe}

Table 3.6: Roughness Values And Coefficients (Table

14.14 -JKR Standards)

28

Table 3 7 Minor Pipeline Losses (Table 14.15 -

JKR

Standards) 31

XII

UST OF FIGURE

Page

hgure 3 I: Gravity System Diagram 15

FigLire 4.1: Layout oftbc waler distribution system in WateICi\D 36

XIII

LIST OF APPENDIX

Appendix Page

A

Site Layo

ut Plan

98

B Pressure Head Chart Of Exisllng Water Main

100

C Wall Thickness

And

Internal Dia

meter For

J

IDPE

Pipes

\02

XI V

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1. 1 PROJECT BACKGROl'ND

The project is about the design of a water distribution system for the proposed BDA Housing Development Area at Jalan Assyaki rin. I3intulu.

The parties involved are:

Client : Bintulu Development Authority, Jalan Tanjong Kidurong,

r.O.Box 55,

97007 Bintulu, Sarawak.

C & S Engineer:

r u

Engineering Sdn, Bhd ,

Civil & Structural Consulting Engineers.

Lot 349 - 250, I" & 2"(\ Floor~, Jalan Rubber, PO Box 8 -39, 93860 Kuching, Sarawak.

Contractor: Syarikat Caya Daya Sdn. Bhd., 3th floor, Lot 2566 Central Park, Comm ericaJ Park,

Lorong Rock 1,

1

93250 Kuching, Sarawak.

1.2

'IYPE OF BUlLDrNG IN UO rNG AREA

Project Building are (refer to Appendix A) ­ a) 40 uni ts of single storey semi-detached houses. b) 25 units of double storey bungalow hOllses.

1.3 OBJECTIVE:

The project objecti e is to come up with a suitable, feasible and economical water distribution system for tenants in the area with the required amouat of water under a satisfactory pressure. This design based on Malaysian .JKR

Standards and JKR Sarawak Standards, which was adapted to MW!I. Design Guidelines for water supply system.

2

CHAPTER 2: WATER SUPPLY SY EM

2.1 INTRODUCTIO.

The design of" a water distribution system for the tenants in the area to del iver waler in an appropriate pressure and quantity of water. Below are the elements ofwaler supply system from the source to the tenants:­

a) The source of supply.

b) Storage facilities.

c) Sending of raw water to treatment plant d) Treatment of raw water.

e) Sending of filtered water to service reservoir (to service area).

f) Distribution facilities.

2.2 DESIGN PROCEDURES

The following are the design procedures used in the design of water distribution s 'stem for the proposed project­

3

a) Source of supply.

Source of suppl y of the water distribution system is tapped from the nearest main water pipe. The pressure head of the existing water pipe is obtained from Bintulu Wate,· Uoard.

b) Estimation of total number of housing units.

Based on the site layout plan, the number of housing units WII! be determining according to the type.

c) Estimation of water demand.

The basic formula to calculate the water demand is obtained from Mala Sill

JKR Standard. The estimation of water demand includes daily water demand, additional water demand and peak consumption. Peak consumpllon is taken as the critical water demand.

d) Water distribution and reticulation network.

Type of water distribution system will be determmed in this section. The suitable gradient and depth of water pipe is also proposed. Followed by,

laying of the pipe according to the need of each building and area.

e) Detail requirement of distribution system.

Suitable type and diameter of the pipe, joints, fitting and valves are being selected under this section.

4

f) Calculation of head loss.

There are two head losses have to be considered. Friction losses and minor losses.

g) Methodology of water distribution system analysis.

Analysis of the water distribution system is done by using a computer software that is WaterCad. This software is developed by Heastad method Inc. l USA). Analysis is conducted for three different demand scenarios that are average daily demand, peak demand and critical demand.

h) The critical pipe flow at the furthest hydrant pi p" is checked.

i) Compare the result of analysis with recommended residual pressure from the criteria, which is set by JKR Sarawak Standard.

2.3 TilE SOllRCE OF SUPPLY

The tapping, off point for this project laid along Jalan Assyakirin. This is shown on the layout plan at Appendix A The existing pipe diameter is 200mm and it is a High Density Polyethylene (HOPE) pipe The level of this existing main water pipe is 2.4m. From the test conducted by Bintulu Water Board, the minimum pressure head of the existing main water is 22m (Appendix B).

5

2.4 ESTIMA TIO OF TOTAL UMBER OF HOUSING UNITS

Based on the layout plan, the numbers and type of housing units is determined,

As menu on earlier in Chapter I, there are 40 numbers of single storey semi­

detached houses and 25 units of double storey bungalow houses, For design purposes, the following per unit consumption or water demand have been agrees reasonable by all the State Water Authorities in Malaysia :­

•

^{Low cost house}

•

^Single storey terrace houses

•

Semi-detached/double story terrace houses

•

Shophouses (2 storey)

•

Shophouses (3 storey)

•

Shopehouses (4 storey)

•

Bungalows/shophouses (single storey)

•

Light industrial workshop

•

^Schools

910 liters/unit/day 1360 liters/unit/day

1590Iiters/umt/day

2730 liters/unitiday - 4090 liters/unit/day - 4550 liters/unit/day

- 2270 liters/unit/day - 1590 liters/unitlda - 45 liters/unit/day

6

2.5 WATER DEMAND

Water demand is detint!d as the total amount of water needed by tenants in a certain living space. Water required for drinking, washing. bathing, iloot

wa~hing and for many more domestic activities. Factors that control water

demand are habits, social status and climate conditions. The usage of water varies from day to day during the week, from week to week dunng the month and from month to month during the year

2.5.1 'flU ES'flMAnON OF WATER DEMAND

The basic fo rmula to calculate the water demand is based 0 Malaysia'S JKR Standard. It is as follow :­

W= L(N X C) X F + Da

Where : W

=

Average Daily Water Demand N = Number Of Different Types Of Houses

C = Per Unit Consumption F = Service Factor

Da = Additional Water Demand

7

2.5.2 SERVICE FACTOR

The s rvice factor is the percentage of water that is wi II be supplied or served to the tenants. As an example, if the service factor is 0.90, it shows that an amount of water supplied, covers 90% of the residential area. The tenants can easily get access to the public water supply. The 0.90 percentage doesn't mean that 90% of the tenants have service connection. Different states ha e di fferent number of service factor. It IS not necessary the same for all the states. In this project. The service factor is 1.00. This shows thaI, the water that will be distributed cover 100% of the area.

2.5.3 PROVISION FORADDlTlONAL WATER DEMAND

The additional water will be catered ror new development such as an industrial estate, army camp, institution of higher learning and resettlement schema. For this project, as the number of type of housing units is calculated for the future development, thus there are no additional demand required.

However, fire flow requirement must be considered for the design purpose.

Refer to table 2.1 where it is in the Malaysia JKR Standards as table 14.18, where the recommended risk category of fire flow requirement in this project

IS under class D. More over, as recommended by JKR Standard, there should be at least one fire hydrant outlet in the design. The average total flow is 1140 liter per minute as shown in Table 2.1. In addition to the JKR Saravmk standard recommends that the average flow for liK' water of fire flow is 15 liter per second with the duration is 50 minute.

8

Table 2.1 Fire Flow Requirement (Table ].U8 - \1alaysia JKR Standard)

Avt:rage

~ ni ng

I

Total Flow (m) (I/mi n)

Class R isk

Large bu ildings, shopping complexes, high

rise build ings, large industrial

4100 90

estate, wa rehouse and ports.

C lass B Risk

Congeste d areas with building up to

5 90

storeys.

2700

Class C R isk

Shophou se up to

3

storey, light industries.

137 0 90

Class D R isk

I

^Rt:sident iaJ terrace house, detached, semi

1140 120

terrace

detached

15 0

detached!

semi detached

Class E R isk

Others

680 180

Maximum No.

Of Hydrant Outlets Used Si multaneously

3 @ 1370 I/min

2

@

1 370

IImin

J

J

1

---'

9