TTS cases alien and invasive species

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Alien

and

invasive

species

assessment and interpretation in SAN standards

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Native and

exotic

species

SAN Standard definitions

– Exotic Species: Those species not native to the place where they are found. Species introduced from other regions or areas.

– Native Species: Those species that occur naturally in the place where they are found. For the purpose of this

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Native and

exotic

species

 Interpretation criteria

– Principle 2 (ecosystem conservation)

• 2.2 Mitigation plan

• 2.8 Shade trees

• 2.5 to 2.7 Buffer zones

• 2.9 Landscape connectivity with vegetation

– Principle 3 (wildlife protection)

• 3.6 Exotic wildlife not to be introduced into farm

– Principle 8 (integrated crop management)

• 8.1 Biological control organisms

– Principle 9 (soil conservation)

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Natives

, aliens, and naturalised

Alien species / Exotics / Non-indigenous

Invasive alien species (IAS)

Non-invasive aliens

Naturalised species

Discussion points

How to find out alien or native?

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Invasive aliens in aquatic ecosytems

Water hyacinth

Eichorrnia crassipes

Amazonia

Giant salvinia

Salvinia molesta

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Invasive alien trees

Wattles

Acacia mearnsii / A. melanoxylon / A. dealbata / A. mangium

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Invasive alien shrubs

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Invasive aliens in grasslands

C and S America

Gorse

Ulex europaeus

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Alien species in

restoration

• Restoration is the process of assisting the recovery

of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged,

or destroyed. (SER 2004)

– Not ‘re-creation’

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Recovery

and benchmarks

Recovery

Of form (habitat structure etc.)

Of function (growth and dynamics)

Towards a desired target / benchmark

Benchmark sites

Sites as they were prior to disturbance

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Some

features

of restoration

 The use of locally native species

Plants/animals (species recovery)

‘How local is local?’

 As high a diversity of species as possible/ needed

Related to benchmark sites of the project

 Removal of alien/ exotic / non-indigenous species

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•Cut, uproot, & remove only weeds

– Lantana, Chromolaena, Mikania

•Native seedlings and saplings should not be cut

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Restoration by tree

removal

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2.8: Evaluation of alternative shade tree species for tea

Melia dubia

Toona ciliata

TRF

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Invasive aliens in production

Robusta coffee and some shade tree species

 Coffee can invade into

adjoining forests (esp. Robusta)

 Joshi et al. 2010

 Alien shade trees like

Maesopsis eminii and

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Rainbow trout

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Invasive alien animals

African giant snailAchatina fulica

Marine / Giant Neotropical toad

Bufo marinus

And many others...

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Resources

• Global Invasive Species Database

www.issg.org/database/

• Wikipedia list of invasive species in Asia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_invasive_species_in_Asia

• Invasive alien species in SE Asia

http://www.arcbc.org.ph/arcbcweb/pdf/vol2no4/09-11_sr_invasive_alien_species.pdf

• Asia-Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network (APFISN)

http://www.apfisn.net

http://apfisn.net/country-reports

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