Teknik Kompiler 0. oleh: antonius rachmat c, s.kom

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Teknik Kompiler 0

oleh: antonius rachmat c,

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Teknik Kompiler (3 sks)

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Tujuan :

z Mempelajari teori-teori kompilasi, struktur mesin

kompiler, dan pada akhirnya mahasiswa mampu menerapkan teori tersebut untuk membuat

aplikasi suatu kompiler sederhana

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Hari dan Waktu :

z Setiap hari 8.00-10.00 (Blok 2) z TTS: 14 juli dan TAS: 24 juli

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Pengajar

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Dosen:

Antonius Rachmat C, S.Kom, M.Kom

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Email:

anton@ukdw.ac.id

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Website:

http://lecturer.ukdw.ac.id/anton

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Blog:

http://antonie.wordpress.com

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Silabus

z Silabus & Pengantar Kompiler secara umum z Teori Kompilasi

z Kategori Bahasa Pemrograman, Translator, Model

Kompilator, dan Mutu Kompilator

z Struktur dan Fase Kompiler

z Perancangan Bahasa Pemrograman z Regular Expression 1

z Sintaks Regex

z Regular Expression 2

z Sintaks Regex (lanjutan)

z Regex dalam penggunaan (PHP&.NET) dan Contoh

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Silabus (2)

z Notasi Bahasa & Analisis Leksikal z _Grammar

z Hirarki Chomsky

z Automata - Finite State Automata

z DFA dan NFA

z Token, dan Lexem z _{Diagram Transisi}

z Analisis Sintaks z Sintaks

z Tata Bahasa Bebas Konteks z NFA ke TBBK

z _{Parsing : Top-down dan Bottom-Up}

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Silabus (3)

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Transformasi TBBK:

z Penghilangan TBBK useless, produksi unit, dan

produksi epsilon

z Chomsky Normal Form (CNF) dan Algortima

Chocke, Youger, Kasami (CYK)

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Analisis Semantik

z LL(1) dan Push Down Automata z Recursive Descent Parsing

z Translasi Berdasarkan Sintaks z Tabel Simbol & Hashing

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Silabus (4)

z Pengecekan Tipe & Intermediate Code

z Type Checking z Tupple

z Translasi Intermediate Code z Linking & Loading

z Memory Allocations & Runtime Environments

z Storage

z Runtime Environment z Activation Record

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Silabus (5)

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Code Optimization

z Optimasi Lokal dan Global

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Code Generation

z Result

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Daftar Pustaka

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Alfred V.Aho cs, Compilers Principles,

Techniques, and Tools, 2003, Prentice-Hall

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Firrar Utadirartatmo, Teknik Kompilasi, 2001,

Yogyakarta : J&J Learnings

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Firrar Utadirartatmo, Teori Bahasa dan

Otomata, 2001, Yogyakarta : J & J Learnings

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Steven Haryanto, Regex Kumpulan Resep

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Daftar Pustaka (2)

z Thomas Pittman & James Peters, The Art of

Compiler Design Theory and Practice, 1992, New Jersey : Prentice-Hall International Editions

z Jeffrey E.F. Friedl, Mastering Regular Expressions

owerful Techniques for Perl and Other Tools, 1997, USA : O'REILLY(TM)

z Donald A. Lewine Data General Corporation, POSIX

Programmer's Guide Writing Portable UNIX

Programs with the POSIX.1 Standard, 1991, USA : O'REILLY(TM)

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Penilaian

z Penilaian : z 85.0 - 100 A 4.0 z 80.0 - 84.9 A- 3.7 z 75.0 - 79.9 B+ 3.3 z 70.0 – 74.9 B 3.0 z 65.0 – 69.9 B- 2.7 z 60.0 – 64.9 C+ 2.3 z 55.0 – 59.9 C 2.0 z 45.0 – 54.9 D 1.0 z 0 – 44.9 E 0.0

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Distribusi Nilai

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Tes Tengah Semester

: 25

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Tes Akhir Semester

: 30

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Intiasari Jurnal 2 org

: 15

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Tugas Program

: 15

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Presensi @ 1

: 12

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Tes Kecil 2x

: 10

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Short History of Compiler Construction

Formerly "a mystery", today one of the best-known areas of computing

1957 Fortran first compilers

(arithmetic expressions, statements, procedures)

1960 Algol first formal language definition

(grammars in Backus-Naur form, block structure, recursion, ...)

1970 Pascal user-defined types, virtual machines (P-code)

1985 C++ object-orientation, exceptions, templates

1995 Java just-in-time compilation

We only look at imperative languages

Functional languages (e.g. Lisp) and logical languages (e.g. Prolog) require different

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Why should I learn about compilers?

• How do compilers work? • How do computers work?

(instruction set, registers, addressing modes, run-time data structures, ...)

• What machine code is generated for certain language constructs?

(efficiency considerations)

• What is good language design?

It's part of the general background of a software engineer

Also useful for general software development

• Reading syntactically structured command-line arguments

• Reading structured data (e.g. XML files, part lists, image files, ...) • Searching in hierarchical namespaces

• Interpretation of command codes • ... etc

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Compiler

z _{Adalah sebuah program yang menerima input berupa source}

program (source language), kemudian ditranslasikan menjadi bentuk bahasa lain (target language) .

z Source language biasanya merupakan bahasa pemrograman

tingkat menengah atau tinggi

z Target language biasanya berupa bahasa level rendah atau bahasa

mesin

z Melaporkan error dan warning untuk membantu programmer z Contoh kompiler selain untuk programming:

z Mentranslasikan javadoc ke html

z Mendapatkan hasil dari SQL query (query optimization) z Printer parsing PostScript file

z Screen Scrapping

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Fase Kompiler

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Analisis (front-end)

z Memecah source code dan menciptakan

intermediate representation

z language dependent

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Sintesis (back-end)

z Membuat target program dari intermediate

representation yang dihasilkan oleh tahap analisis

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analysis Front End

synthesis Back End

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Analisys Stage

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First step: recognize letters and words.

z Words are smallest unit above letters

This is a sentence.

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Note the

z Capital “T” (start of sentence symbol) z Blank “ “ (word separator)

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Analisys Stage

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Scanning / Lexical Analysis: memecah

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Diagramming a Sentence

This

line

is

a

longer sentence

verb

article noun

article adjective

noun

subject

object

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Parsing Programs

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Parsing program expressions is the same

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Consider:

If x == y then z = 1; else z = 2;

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Diagrammed:

if-then-else

x

==

y

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1 z

2 assign

relation

assign

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Analysis Stage

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Parsing / Syntax Analysis

z Mengelompokkan daftar hasil scanning ke dalam

aturan grammar Tata Bahasa Bebas Konteks dan divalidasi

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Semantic Analysis in English

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Example:

Jack said Jerry lost his assignment yesterday.

What does “his” refer to? Jack or Jerry?

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Even worse:

How many Jacks are there?

Which one lost the assignment?

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Semantic Analysis in

Programming

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Programming

languages define

strict rules to avoid

such ambiguities

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This C++ code prints

“4”; the inner

definition is used

{

int Jack = 3;

{

int Jack = 4;

cout << Jack;

}

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More Semantic Analysis

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Compilers perform many semantic checks

besides variable bindings

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Example:

Jack lost her homework yesterday.

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A “type mismatch” between

her

and

Jack

; we

know they are different people

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Example: Semantic

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X = a + b * c – d / f

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What are the correct solutions?

z X = ( a + b ) * ( c – d) / f z X = a + ((b * c) – d) / f z X = a + (b * c) – (d / f) z X = ((a + b) * c) / f

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Analysis Stage

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Intermediate Code Generation: menghasilkan

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Syntesis Stage

z Intermediate Code Optimization

z Object Code Generation: menjadi bahasa mesin z Object Code Optimization

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Optimization is tricky

for (i = 0; i < N; i += 1)

A[i] *= D/A[0];

should be

tmp1 = D/A[0];

for (i = 0; i < N; i += 1)

A[i] *= tmp1;

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Hal-hal lain tentang Kompiler

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Tabel Simbol

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Error Handling

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Programming language design

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Programming paradigms

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Teori Kompiler

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