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A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE UNGUAL

HISTORY OF URDU LANGUAGE

ABSTRACT

THESIS

SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

Boctor of IPfirto^opfip

IN

U R D U

BY

MD. BAKAR. A. SIDDIQUI

Under the Supervision of

PROF. ABUL KALAM QASMI

DEPARTMENT OF URDU ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY

ALIGARH (INDIA)

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^^''An Outline of Indian Philology V^^lT/^'C^If i-O'^f'i^^'^y^i-/

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A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE LINGUAL

HISTORY OF URDU LANGUAGE

THESIS

SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

Boctor of $l)ilos(opl)p

IN

URDU

BY

MD. BAKAR. A. SIDDIQUI

Under the Supervision of

PROF. ABUL KALAM QASMI

DEPARTMENT OF URDU ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY

ALIGARH (INDIA)

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Oepartmefit of Urdu

ALIGARH lVlUSUlM.tMVEl<§ltY*^AisIGARH -202002 (INDIA)

Tel

(0571)2700920.921 Ixtn. 1631

Dated: 20/ 9/.2008

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Md. Bakar Alam Siddiqui has

done his research work entitled "Urdu Zaban ki lesani tarikhon

ka tahqiqi-o-tanqidi jaizah", under the supervision of

Prof. Abul Kalam Qasmi. This is his original work and has not

been submitted for any other degree of this or any other

university.

It is now forwarded for the award of the Ph.D. degree in

Urdu language and literature.

Prof. Khursheed Ahmad

(Chairman)

Prof. Abul Kalam Qasmi

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