First Received: 30 May 2018 Final Proof Received: 30 Oktober 2018
THE IMPACTS OF ELECTIONS ON ECONOMICS IN INDONESIA
ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻮﺤﻧ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ
Zaini Muchlis
E-mail: [email protected]
Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
ﺺﺨﻠﻣ / ABSTRACT
Money politic or vote buying in the election is something has plagued all the societies that claimed the application of democratic form in governance. The minority is able to monopolize the votes of the majority in their favor using financial sufficiency, political promises and the issues of mass media. This phenomenon can lead to bribery, perjury and treason that have negative impact on the economy of Indonesia. The researcher used analytical method to explain various aspects of the phenomenon of buying electoral votes and its impact on the economic life in Indonesia. The researcher finally found two significant results. First, vote buying is a major cause of political and administrative corruption in Indonesia. It is the main incubator breeding corrupt leaders, which have negative impact towards economic life in Indonesia such as the increase number of poverty, unstable economy, enrich among political elites, and arbitrariness in determining economic policies taken by the authorities pursuing their own interests. Second, vote buying is widely spread and easily found in the life of the Indonesian society, it seems like an established habit that is hard to eradicate.
ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ /
Keywords
Money politic;
Vote buying;
Election;
Indonesian economy
ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
ﻮﻫ ﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
ﻂﻴﺴﺑ ، ﻦﻜﻤﻳﻭ ﺴﻔﺗ
ﻴ ﺮ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ
ﻮﻫ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ءﺎﻄﻋﺇ
ﻣ ﻝﺎ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻦﻴﺒﺧﺎﻨﻟ ﺓﺪﻧﺎﺴﻤﻟ
ﺢﺷﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻟﺇ ﻰ
ﻢﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
ﺔﺑﺎﺜﻤﺑ ﺰﻓﺎﺣ ﺐﻋﻼﺘﻠﻟ ﻲﻓ
ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
، ﻭ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺌ ﻳ ﺐﻌﺼ
ﻲﻓ ﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺎﻬﺘ ﻥﻷ ﻼﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻴﻓﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﻄﻐﺗ
ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻘﻔﺼﻟﺍ
(Irawan, Dahlan, Fariz, &
Putri, 2014)
.
ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﻦﻣ
ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻟﺍ ءﺎﻄﻋﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻳﺪﻬﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺩﺎ ءﺎﻴﺷﻷﺍ
ﻭﺃ ﺔﻨﻴﻤﺜﻟﺍ ﻟﺍ
ﻮﻤ ﺍ ﺪﻋ ﻑﺪﻬﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻙﻮﻠﺳ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤﻟﺍ . ﻭ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻜﻤﻳ
ﻦ
ﺎﻬﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﺄﺑ
ﻞﻜﺷ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﺃ ﻉﺎﻨﻗﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﻝﻼﺧ ﺮﻴﻓﻮﺗ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﻟﺍ
ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺃ ﻰﻟﺩ ﺎﻬﺑ
ﺺﺨﺷ ﻰﻟﺇ
ﺺﺨﺷ ﺮﺧﺁ
ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺺﺨﺸﻟﺍ
(Irawan et al., 2014)
. ﺷﺃﻭ ﻜ ﺎ ﻝ
ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻻﺇ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ
ﺓﻮﺷﺮﻟﺍ
،ﺐﺴﺤﻓ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ
ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﻓﺪﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﻮﻤﺘﻟ
ﻟﺍ ﻉﺭﺍﻮﺸ
ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻖﻓﺍﺮﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻭﺃ
ﻞﻳﻮﻤﺗ ﻢﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ
ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
، ﻭ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﻞﻤﺸﻳ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ءﺎﻄﻋﺇ
ﻦﻴﺤﱠﺷﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺤِّﺷﺮﻳﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺏﺍﺰﺣﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﺟﺮﻟ ﻎﻠﺒﻤﻟﺍ
.ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
ﺮﻔﻴﺷ ﻚﻳﺮﻳﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻒﻨﺻﻭ )
Frederic Schaffer
( ﺓﺰﻴﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺨﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ
ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ءﺍﺮﺸﻟ ﻊﻣ
ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ
ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺘﻟ
ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺑ
ﺈ ﺓﺭﺎﺷ ﻰﻟﺇ
،ﻕﺎﻄﻨﻟﺍ
،ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ
(Schaffer, 2007)
. ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺚﻴﺣ
،ﻕﺎﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ
ءﺍﺮﺷ
ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻛ
ﺎ ﺔﻴﺑﻮﺴﺤﻤﻟ ءﺎﻄﻋﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻱﺃ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ
ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ
ﺒﺧﺎﻨﻠﻟ ﻦﻴ ﻭﺃ ﻷﺍ ﺳ ﺓﺮ
ﻖﻳﺮﻁ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﻮﺴﺤﻤﻟﺍ
ﻥﺃ ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍﻭ . ءﺍﺮﺷ
ﺍ ﻷ ﻮﺻ ﺍ ﺕ ﻡﺎﻘﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺪﻟ
ﻷﺍ ﺓﺮﻴﺧ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﻋ
،ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ
ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻀﺑ ﻡﺎﻳﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﺑ ﺳ ﺕﺎﻋﺎ ﻞﺒﻗ
،ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑﻭ
ﺕﺎﺌﻔ ءﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﻔﻳ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
ﻟﺍﻭ . ﺚﻟﺎﺜ ﻦﻣ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘ
، ﻥﺈﻓ
ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺮﻴﺜﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﻳ
ﺨ ﻠﺘ ﻒ ﻊﻣ ﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘ ﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ
،ﺔﻴ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﺣ ّﻥﺃ
ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍ
ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻟ ﺕﺎﺌﻓ ﺓﺩﺪﺤﻣ ﻳ ﺮﺒﺘﻌ
،ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ
ﺔﻴﺑﻮﺴﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻏ
ﺔﻀﻣﺎ
،
ﻭ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻳ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺎﻤﺋﺍﺩ
ﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ .
ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺢّﺿﻮﺗ
ﻥﺄﺑ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺔﻤﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﻓ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ
،ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻭ
ﻦﻣ ﺪﺣﺃ ﻮﻫ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺟﻷ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺏﺍﺰﺣﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍ ءﺎﻄﻋﺍ
ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ
ﱠﺷﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻳ ﻥﺄﻛ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ .ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺐﺻﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺍ ﺢ
ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷ
ًﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺏﺍﺰﺣﻷﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺄﺑ ﺍ
،ﻢﻬﺋﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﻭ
ﻚﻟﺬﻛ
ﻥﺄﺑ ﻢﻬﻟ ﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘ ﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻮﻘ ﻟﺍ
ﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌ ﺔﻴ
ﻪﻤﺳﺍ ﺝﺭﺪﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺺﺨﺸﻟ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻻﻭ . ﻋ
ﻰﻠ
ﺭﻭ ﺔﻗ ﺍ ﺮﺘﻗﻻ ﻉﺍ ﺢﺷﺮﻤﻛ ﺍ
ﺰﺣﻷ .ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺏﺰﺤﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﻢﻫﺎﺳ ﺪﻗ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺏﺍ
ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺙﺩﺍﻮﺤﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ .ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ
ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻲﻫ
ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺳ
ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻭ ، ﻲﻫ ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﻦﻣ ﺍ
ﻵ ﺕﺎﻴﻟ
ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺮﻘﻤﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺺﻨﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ
ﻡﺎﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ 1945
ﻥﺃ 1
ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ
ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ
، ﻦﻣ ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﺴﺗ ﻕﺮﻁ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ ﺧ
ﻝﻼ
ﺎﻬﻴﻠﺜﻤﻣ ﻲﻓ
ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
(Lubis, 1982)
. ﺪﻨﺘﺴﺗﻭ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﻴﺳﺎﻜﻨﺑ ﻼ
ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﺟ
ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻡﺎﻋ
.1945
ﻭ ﺖﻳﺮﺟﺃ ﻩﺬﻫ
ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻣ
ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺓ
،
،ﺔﻣﺎﻋ
،ﺓﺮﺣ ﺔﻳﺮﺳ
،ﺔﻬﻳﺰﻧﻭ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻋﻭ
(Huda, 2005)
.
ﺔﻳﺍﺪﺑ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍ ﻑﺪﻬﻳ
ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻ ءﺎﻀﻋﺃ
ﻠﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺲ
،ﻲﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﺠﻣﻭ
ﺏﺍﻮﻨﻟﺍ
،ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻭ
ﺲﻠﺠﻣ ﺏﺍﻮﻨﻟﺍ
ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ .
ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ
ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺐﺋﺎﻧﻭ
ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﻢﺗ
ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﺸﺘﺳﻻﺍ
ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ
ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟﺍ
ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻠﻟ . ﻢﺛ ءﺎﻨﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ
ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺪﻠﻟ ﻡﺎﻋ
ﻢﺘﻳ1945
ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ
ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺋﺭ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ
ﻥﻮﻜﺗ2002
ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﻦﻣ
ﻞﺒﻗ ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ، ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
ﺳﺎﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴ
ﺖﻌﺿﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ
.
ﺎﻣﺃ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ
ﺩﺭﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻗﺭ
ﺔﻨﺴﻟ 23
:ﻲﻫ2003
ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻘﻔﻟﺍ3
) 2
ﻭ( ) 4
:(
ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ
ﺐﺋﺎﻧﻭ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻌﻳ
ﻞﻛ ﺲﻤﺧ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺳ ﻓ ﻲ
ﻡﻮﻳ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻄﻌ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻮﻳ ﻲﻓﻭ .ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻼﻟ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻌﺒﺘﺳﺍ ﻢﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ
ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻧﻭ
ﺐﺋﺎ
ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺪﺑﻻ
ﺐﺋﺎﻧﻭ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺪﻋﻮﻣ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻻ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻳ
ﻦﻣ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﺃ ﺮﺸﻋ ﺎﻣﻮﻳ ﻞﺒﻗ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺓﺮﺘﻓ ﺔﺳﺎﺋﺮﻟﺍ
(Undang Undang Nomor 23 tahun
2003 Tentang Pemilihan Umum Presiden Dan Wakil Presiden, n.d.)
.
ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ :4
ﺖﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻ
ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺐﺋﺎﻧﻭ
ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ
ﻮﻫ ﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻓ ﻲ
ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ 3 ﺓﺮﻘﻔﻟﺍ ،1
ﺐﺠﻳ ﺎﻫﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﻲﻓ
ﺪﻋﻮﻣ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻻ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻳ ﻦﻣ
ﺮﻬﺷﺃ 3
ﺪﻌﺑ ﻥﻼﻋﺇ
ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ءﺎﻀﻋﻷ
ﺲﻠﺠﻣ
،ﻲﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﺠﻣﻭ
ﺏﺍﻮﻨﻟﺍ
،ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻭ
ﺠﻣ ﺲﻠ
ﺏﺍﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ
(Undang Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2003 Tentang Pemilihan Umum
Presiden Dan Wakil Presiden, n.d.)
.
ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻘﻔﻟﺍ5
) 1
ﻥﻮﻛﺭﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ(
ﻲﻓ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ
ﺐﺋﺎﻧﻭ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺃ ﻮﻫ
ﺍﻭﺯ ﺝ
ﻟﺍ ﺢﺷﺮﻤ ﻦﻴﺣﺮﺘﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺰﺣ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭﺃ
ﻑﻼﺘﺋﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﺏﺍﺰﺣﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
. ﺓﺮﻘﻔﻟﺍ
) 2
ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍ (
ﻦﻋ ﻦﻴﺤﺷﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺐﺼﻨﻤﻟ
ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻭ
/ ﻭﺃ ﺐﺋﺎﻧ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﺝﺍﻭﺯﺃ ﺷﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺢ
ﻦﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﺰﺣﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﻭﺃ ﻑﻼﺘﺋﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﺏﺍﺰﺣﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
، ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﺎﻫﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﻓ ﻲ ﺖﻗﻭ
ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻊﻣ ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻦﻴﺤﺷﺮﻤﻟﺍ ءﺎﻀﻋﻷ
ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ
ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ .
ﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻘﻔ
) 3 (
ﺝﺍﻭﺯﺃ ﺢﺷﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ
ﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺮﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ
ﺎﻬﺣﺍﺮﺘﻗﺍ ﻂﻘﻓ
ﻦﻣ ﺒﻗ ﻞ
ﺏﺰﺣ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭﺃ
ﻑﻼﺘﺋﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﺏﺍﺰﺣﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﺤﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻠﻗﺃ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺎﻬ
٪15
ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻟﺍ
ﺪﻋﺎﻘﻤ ﻟ ﺲﻠﺠﻤ ﺏﺍﻮﻨﻟﺍ
ﻭﺃ
20
ﻦﻣ ٪
ءﻼﻴﺘﺳﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ
ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﻞﺒﻗ ءﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺮﺒﻟﺍ
(Undang Undang Nomor 23
tahun 2003 Tentang Pemilihan Umum Presiden Dan Wakil Presiden, n.d.)
.
ﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺍًﺩﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﻛ ﺪﻘﻌﺗ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺮﻧ ﻞﻤ
ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺐﺼﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﻟ ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺳ ﺲﻤﺧ ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺍﻭﺅﺎﺟ ﺲﻴﻟﻭ
ﻟﺍ ﺷﺮﻤ ﺢ ﻥﺃ ﺢﺒﺼﻳ ﺎﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﻻﺇ ﻢﻋﺪﺑ ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻬﻓ .
.ﻪﻟﻹﺍ ﺕﻮﺻ ﻲﻫ ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﻮﺻ ﻥﺄﺑ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺮﻘﻤﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ
ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﻮﺻ .ﺎﻬﻟﺎﻤﻫﺍ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ ﻻﻭ ﻕﻼﻁﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﺎﻄﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻲﻓ
ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺳ ﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﻮ ﻧﻴ ﻦ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ
ﻻ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﺭﺎﻜﻧﺇ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻟﺍ
ﺔﻄﻠﺴ ﻥﻮﻌﻴﻄﺘﺴﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻟﺍ
ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘ ﺑ ﻞﻜﺸ
ﻱﻮﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻟﺍ
ﻡﺎﻈﻨ ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ
،ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ
ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻟﺍ
ﺐﺒﺴﺘﻳ ﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻟﺎ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻁ ﻦﻴﺑ
ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍ
، ﻗ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺪ
ﻲﻓ ﺖﺒﺛ ﺜﻛ
ﻴ ﺮ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻟﺎﻈﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ، ﻡﺪﻋ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ
ﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟ
ﻦﻴﺑ ءﺎﻴﻨﻏﻷﺍ ﺍﺮﻘﻔﻟﺍﻭ
ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﺪﻳ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ .ﺎﻬﺑ ﺐﻋﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﺘﺣﻭ ،ء
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﺰﺘﻠﻳ ﻻ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣﻭ .ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍ
ﻝﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺮﻴﺜﻛ ﺎﻬﺑﻮﺸﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻥﻭﺪﻟﻮﻳ :ﻲﻬﻓ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ .ﺓﺪﺳﺎﻔﻟﺍ
ﻒﻌﺿ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ
ﺐﺒﺳ ﻲﻫ ﺩﺎﺴﻓ
ﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺮﻬﻈﺗ ﺔ
ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤ . ﺭﺎﺛﻵﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻠﻟ ﺗ
ﻖﻴﻘﺤ
ﺤﻟﺎﺼﻣ ﻢﻬ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻻﺍﻭ
ﺟ ﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤ
، ﻒﻌﻀﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ
ﻊﺿﻮﻟ ﺎﻬﻌﻓﺩ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺟﺭ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻢﺛ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻑﺍﺮﻁﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺪﻴﻔﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
(Junaidi, Khoirunnisa,
Agustiyati, & Hastomo, 2013)
ﺚﻴﺣ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺳ ﻒﻌﺿ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﺩﺃ ﺎﻬﻠﻛ ﻩﺬﻫ .
ﺍ ﻦﻣ ٌﺮﻴﺜﻛ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﺗ .ﻢﻬﺘﻣﻮﻜﺤﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﻁﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺛ ﻝﺍﻭﺯ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ ﻢﺋﺍﺮﺠﻟ
ﻦﻣﻭ
ﻥﺃ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺛ
ﻲﻫ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻤﻟﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻣﺍﺪﺘﺳﺍﻭ
ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻟ ﺎﻬﻧﻭﺪﺑﻭ
ﻦ
.ﻡﻼﺴﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻣﺃ ﺮﻴﺴﺗ
ﺭﻮﻬﻅ ﺓﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﺄﺑ ﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻥ ﻻ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﺩﺮﺠﻣ ﻮﻫ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ
ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺑ
ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻬﺟﻮﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻛ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺮﻬﻅ ﺓﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻟﺍ
ﻛ ﺴﺳﺆﻤ ﺔﻣﺎﻣﺇ ﺕﺎ ﻝﺪﻌﻟﺍ
، ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﻜﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟﺍ
،ﻩﺮﻴﻏﻭ ﻲﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﺠﻤﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻁﺮﺸﻟﺍﻭ ،
ﺎﻬﺑ ﻥﻮﻠﻤﻌﻳ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﻚﺌﻟﻭﺃ ﻥﻷ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﻥﻮﺒﻜﺗﺮﻳ
ﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﻬ ﻓ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺛ ﻥﺍﺪﻘ
ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍ
(Junaidi et al., 2013)
ﻭ . ﻲﻓ ﺮﻴﺜﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﻢﻫ
ﻻ ﻥﻮﻤﺘﻬﻳ ﻢﻬﺗﺎﺒﺟﺍﻮﺑ
ﺠﺗ ﻩﺎ
ﺰﻛﺮﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻣﻷﺍ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻣ ﻣﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ
ﻢﻬ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺖﻘﻔﻧﺃ ﺪﻗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﺘﺳﺍ
،ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻬﻧﻷ
ﻢ ﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﺍﻮ ﻛ ﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴ ﻦﻣ
ﻝﻼﺧ ﻲﻓ ﻝﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ
ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫﻭ .ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻘﻓ
ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺗ ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ
ﻡﺪﻋ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﻲﻨﺒﺗ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻻﺍ
ﻟ ﻡﺍﺰﺘ ﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟ ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻓ ﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻥﻷ ،ﺎ
ءﻻﺆﻫ
ﺎﻬﻧﻮﻔﻟﺎﺨﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻞﺑ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻬﺑ ﻥﻭﺪﻴﻘﺘﻳ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ .ﻥﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺮﻴﺜﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﻴﻬﻧﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺳ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ .
ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﻜﻧﺇ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻻ ﻷﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻘﻓ ﻪﺒﺒﺳ ﺎﻤﻧﺇ
ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧ ﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﺔ
ءﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ
ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺢﺋﺍﻮﻠﻟﺍﻭ
ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ ، ﺭﺎﻴﻬﻧﺍ
ﺳ ﺔﻄﻠ
ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﻓ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﺋﺍﺮﺠﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ٌﺮﻴﺜﻛ ﺮﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺪﻘﻟﻭ .
ﻲﻓ
ﺭﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﻹﺍ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻳ ﺔ ﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻴﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ًﻼﺜﻣ ، ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘ
ﻦﻣ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺪﻗ ﺔﻤﻜﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺤﺗ
ﺑ ﻓﺪ ﻊ
ﻟﺍ ﻭﺎﺷﺮ ﻱ ﻟ ﺓﺎﻀﻘﻠ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ . ﻡﺎﻜﺣ
ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻤﺘﻬﻳ ﺑ
ﻢﻬﺤﻟﺎﺼﻤ ﻢﻬﺑﺰﺣﻭ
ﻥﻭﺩ
ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻔﺼﻟﺍ ﺎﻀﻳﺃﻭ .ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﻷﺍ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻣ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ
ﺎﻬﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ
ﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺪﺴﻔﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻭ
(Junaidi et al., 2013)
. ﻩﺬﻫ
ﺩﺎﺴﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﻛ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺳ ﺎﻬﻧﺃﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺳ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﺗ
ﻲﻓ ﺐﺒﺴﺘﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺭﺎﻴﻬﻧﺍ
ﺔﻄﻠﺳ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ .
ﻥﺃ ﻯﺮﻧ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ءﺎﻨﺑ ﻘﻟﺍ
ﻥﻮﻧﺎ ﻮﻫ ﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﻘ ﺓ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺑ
ءﺍﻮﺳ ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻜﻣ ﻭﺃ
ﺮﻴﻏ ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻜﻣ ﻲﻫﻭ ، ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻘﻛ
ﻱﻮﺘﺤﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻘﻌ
ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ ﺔﺒﻗﺎﻌﻣ ﻴﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ .ﺎﻬ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﻢﻟ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺗ ﻔﻨ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺬ ﺳ ﺮﻬﻈﺗ ﻑﻮ ﺑﺍﺮﻄﺿﻻﺍ
ﺕﺎ
ﻲﻓ ءﺎﺤﻧﺃ ﺩﻼﺒﻟﺍ ، ﻥﻷ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ
ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺪﺣﻮﻳ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍﻭ
ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﺠﻳ ﺔﻟﻭ
ﻰﻘﺒﺗ ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺓ ﻨﻣﺁ ﺔ .
ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻻﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ ﺔﻳ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ
ﻞﻛ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻦﻴﺤﺷﺮﻤﻟﺍ
ﺏﺍﺰﺣﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﻢﻬﻠﺋﺎﺳﻮﺑ ﻟﺍ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺯﻮﻔﻠﻟ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌ
ﻦﻣ .ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺕﻼﻣﺎﻌﻣ ﻲﻫ ءﻻﺆﻫ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﺴﺣﺃ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
ءﻲﺳ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺕﻼﻣﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻊﺿﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ
،ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ
،ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻥﻷ
ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﺘﻳ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
ﻮﻫ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺎﻓ ،ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﻮﻘﻔﻧﺃ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻟﺍﻮﻣﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﻣ
ﻞﻛ ﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﺭ
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﻼﺒﻠﻟ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻦﻣ . ﻲﻓ
ﻲﻫ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ
(Cahyono &
Trijono, 2004, p. 73)
:
ﺩﺎﻳﺩﺯﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ
ّﻥﺇ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺩﺪﻋ
ءﺍﺮﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﺣﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻮﻫ
ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻗﻻﺍ
ﺩﺎﺼﺘ ﻱ
ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻻ
ﻝﺍﺰﻳ ﻀﻔﺨﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺎ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻓﺎﻜﺘﻣ ءﻲ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﺴ . ﻭ ﺒﺘﻌﻳ ﺍﺮﺛﺃ ﺮ ﻦﻣ
ﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺎﻤ
ﻞﻌﺠﻳ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻣ ﺏﺎﺑﺭﺃ
ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺏﺍﺰﺣﻷﺍﻭ
ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺬﺧﺄﺗ
ﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻟﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺭﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻱﺩﺆﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻣﻷﺍ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻥﻷ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ .ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﻴﺜﻛ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺳ ﺎﻬﺗﺭﺮﻗ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ
ﻻﺍﻮﻣ ﺓ
ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺒﻟ ﺪﻋﺎﺳ
ﺗ ﻪ ﻲﻓ ﺯﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
،ﺕ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ
ﻋ ﺩﺪ ءﺍﺮﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺍﺬﻫ ﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ .
ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻟﺍ
ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴ
ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺃ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﺑ ءﺍﺮﺷﻭ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺗ
ﻞﻌﺠ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘ ﺍ ﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟ ﻴ ﺔ
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻡﺪﻘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺺﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻚﻟﺫ ،
ﺢﺷﺮﻤﻛ ﻲﻓ
ﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧ ،
ﺐﺠﻳ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﻥﻮﺤﺷﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺍ
ﻷ ﻣ ﻮ ﻝﺍ ﻟ ﻺ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺎﻔﻧ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ
ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﻴ ﺔ . ﻦﻣﻭ
ﻩﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﺒﺧﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺃ ءﺍﺮﺸﺑ ّﻻﺇ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺤﺷﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺯﻮﻔﻳ ﻦﻟ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﻦﻴﺤﺷﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ءﺎﻨﺑ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺗ
،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻏ
ﻭ ﺎﻤﻴﺳﻻ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻟﺍ ﺮﺼﻌ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﻜﻧﺇ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻻﻭ .ﺎﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺐﻌﻠﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺟ
ﻊﻴﻤ
ﺏﺍﺰﺣﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﺎﻄﻋﺈﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﻮﻘﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘﻠﻟ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ءﻲﺷ ﻞﻛ ء
ﺍ ﻦﻴﺒﺧﺎﻨﻟ
ﻟﻭ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻤﻋﺩ ﺎﻬﻠﻛ ﻩﺬﻫﻭ .ﻢﻬ ﻞﻌﺠﺗ ﺎﻤﻣ
ﻒﻠﻜﺘﻟﺍ .ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧﺍﺰﺧ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ
ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺮﻴﺜﻛ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺑ
ءﺍﺮﺸ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ
،ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺬﻫﻭ
ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻘ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ
ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﻔﻧﺇ ﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺘ ﻟﺍ
ﺓﺮﻴﺒﻜ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻓﺩ
ﻲﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻹﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﺷ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺖﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ .
ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ ﻰﻟﺇ
،ﻚﻟﺫ ﻊﻓﺪﺗ ًﺓﺮﻴﺜﻛ ًﻻﺍﻮﻣﺃ ﻖﻔﻨﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺔﻤﻜﺤﻤﻠﻟ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﻻﺍ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺮﻴﺜﻛ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺐﺗﺮﺘﻳ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﻷ ﻚﻟﺫ ،
ﺭﺎﻜﻧﺇ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻻﻭ .ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻠﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑﻻ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ
ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻖﻔﻨﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺭﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﻧﺍﺰﺧ
ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ .
،ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻴﻈﻋ ﺮﺛﺃ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﻥﺄﺑ ﻯﺮﻧ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻦﻣ
ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ﻫ
ﻢ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻟ
ﻞﻛﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ .
ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﻑﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻟﺍ
ﻡﺎﻜﺤ
ﺔﻳﺩﺄﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻬﺗﺎﺒﺟﺍﻭ
،ﻢ ﻭﺃ ﻝﻼﻐﺘﺳﺍ ﺒﺼﻨﻣ
،ﻢﻬ ﻢﺘﻴﺳ ﺮﻴﻣﺪﺗ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺍﺬﻫ ﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ . ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴﻓ
ﺍﻮﻧﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻠﻟ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ
ﻦﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻭ
ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻦﻳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﻘ ﻬﺗﺎﺒﺟﺍﻮﺑ ﻢ
ﺮﺼﻨﻌﻛ
ﺔﻣﻸﻟ ﺪﺣﻮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﻼﻴﺳﺎﻜﻨﺑ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩﻭ
ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ
ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻋ ،1945
ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺺﻨﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﺟ
ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ .
1
ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻲﻓ
ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﺔﻘﻔﺻ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻝﺎﻤﻟﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺪﺤﺗ ﻝﺍﺰﺗ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ
ﺗ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ًﺮﻴﺜﻛ ﻙﺮﺘ
ﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ
ﻰﻟﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺮﻴﺜﻛ ًﻻﺍﻮﻣﺃ ﺍﻮﻘﻔﻧﺃ ﺪﻗ ﻦﻴﺤﺷﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻌﻓ .ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺐﺻﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺴﻠﺠ
ﻥﻮ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻘﻣ ﻢﻬﺗﺍ ﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻴ ﺔ ﻁ ﻦﻋ ﻥﻮﺜﺤﺒﻳ ﻢﻬﻧﺈﻓ ، ﻕﺮ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﺎﻤﻣ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻞﻛﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﺃﺪﺒﺗ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻦﻣ .ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻱﺄﺑ ﻢﻬﻟﺍﻮﻣﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ ،ﺎًﺒﻠﺳ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ
(Badoh & Dahlan,
2010, pp. 68–74)
:
ﺭﻮﻬﻅ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺳﺎﻔﻟﺍ
ﻢﻈﻌﻣ ﻙﺭﺪﻳ ﻻ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍ
ﺏﺎﺒﺳﺃ ﻦﻣ ّﻥﺃ ﺭﻮﻬﻅ
ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺳﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷ ﻢﻬﻟﻮﺒﻗ ﻲﻫ
.ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﻦﻴﺤﺷﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻭ
ﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻣﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﻟﺩﺎﺒﺘﻟﺍ
ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻳ ﻢﺘ ﻠﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﻬ
ﻦﻴﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻠﻌﺟ ﺖ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻮﻫ
ﻛ ﻡﺎﻈﻨ ﺠﺗ ﺓﺭﺎ ﻱﺃ ،
ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﺣ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻓ ﺎﻬﻟﺍﻮﺣﺃ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﺘﺳ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﺑ ﻢﺗ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ
2014 ﻡﺎﻋ 5 ﻢﻗﺭ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻠﺻﻷﺍ ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ1
(1) bahwa dalam rangka pelaksanaan cita-cita bangsa dan mewujudkan tujuan negara sebagaimana tercantum dalam pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, perlu dibangun aparatur sipil negara yang memiliki integritas, profesional, netral dan bebas dari intervensi politik, bersih dari praktik korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme, serta mampu menyelenggarakan pelayanan publik bagi masyarakat dan mampu menjalankan peran sebagai unsur perekat persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang- Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
ﻫﺪﻴﻴﻔﺗ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻖﺣ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺃ ﻢﻬﺋﺍﺮﺸﺑ ءﺎﻤﻋﺰﻟﺍ ﻢ
ﻓ . ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ
ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻋﺍﻭ
ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ءﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﻦﻴﺤﺷﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﻣﺃ ﻝﻮﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻌﻓ ﺎﻤﺑ ًﺎﻴ
ﺩﺆﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ .ﺪﻠﺒﻠﻟ ﺪﺳﺎﻓ ﻢﻴﻋﺯ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺐﺒﺴﺘﺗﻭ ،ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻬﺗﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱ
ﺓءﺎﺳﺇ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻟ
ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺗﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻴﺒﻛ ﺕﺍ
ﺑ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ،ﻡﻮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ .ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺓءﺎﺳﺈ
ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ
ﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺬﺧﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤ
ﻳ ﻞﻌﺠ ﺤﻟﺎﺼﻣ ﻢﻬ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻣ ءﺎﻄﻋﺇ ﻞﻀﻔﻳ ﻑﻮﺳ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻋﺯ ﻥﻷ ﻚﻟﺫ .ﺔﻣﻷﺍ
ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺘﺳﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ ،ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﻮﻤﻋﺩ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﺼﻧﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ،ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺮﻴﺜﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻢﻬﺘﻄﻠﺳ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ءﻮﺳ ﻦﻣﻭ .ﺔﻣﻷﺍ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻣ
،ﻢﻬﺘﻋﺎﻤﺠﻟ ﺔﺤﺑﺮﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻊﺿﻭﻭ ﻭ
ﺔﻧﺯﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺬﺧﺃ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ
ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﻟ ﻊﻳﺭﺎﺸﻤﻠ
ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻢﻬﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ
ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻏﻭ
(Irawan et al., 2014)
ﺾﻌﺒﻟ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻣ ﻥﺃﻭ .
.ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﻷﺍ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻣ ﺪﻋﺎﺒﺘﺗ ﺪﻗ ﻚﻟﺬﺑﻭ ،ﺍ ًﺮﺳ ﺪﻌﻳ ﻢﻟ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﻁﻷﺍ ﻭ
ﺍﺫﺇ
ﺮﻤﺘﺳﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻳﻭ ،ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻖﺒﻄﺗ ﻦﻟ ﻑﻮﺴﻓ
.ﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ءﺎﺤﻧﺃ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﺔﺒﺨﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺜﻟﺍ
ﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺐﻗﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺮﺸﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ
ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ
ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻣ ﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺨﻨﻟﺍ
ﺔﻳﺮ ﻚﻟﺫ ،
ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻢﻬﺤﻨﻣ
ﺔﺻﺮﻓ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻗ
ﻼﺒﻟﺍ ﺩ .ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺗﺍﻮﺻﺃ ﻢﻬﻌﻴﺑ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ
ﻓ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻛﻭ ﺭ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﻄﻴﺴﻳ ﻑﻮﺳ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺎ
ﻫﻭ ،ﻝﺍﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅ ﺍﺬ
ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺄﻓ .ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻊﻘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ
ﻳ ﺤﺒﺼ ﻥﻮ ﺭ ﺅ ﺳ ءﺎ ﻸﻟ ﺰﺣ ﺍ ﺏ ﺍ ﻟ ﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴ ﺔ
ﻲﻓ ﺐﺻﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻟﻭ ﺪﻴﻔﻳ ﺎﻤﺑ ﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻊﺿﻮﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﻮﻘﻳ ءﻻﺆﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ
ﻢﻬﺘﻋﺎﻤﺟ
(Badoh & Dahlan, 2010)
ﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﺔﻣﻷﺍ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻣ ﺢﺒﺼﺗ ﺍﺬﻬﺑﻭ . ﺪﻌﺗ ﻢﻟﻭ ﺔﻳ
ﺔﻳﻮﻟﻭﺃ ﻟ ﻱﺮﺠﺗ ﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻼﻣﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻓ ، ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺰ
ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﺔﺒﺨﻨ
ﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺜ
.ﺎﻬﺤﻟﺎﺼﻣﻭ ،ﻂﻘﻓ
ﻥﺍﺪﻘﻓ ﺔﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺑ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺎ
ﺕﻼﻣﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻟﺍ
ﺔﺌﻴﺴ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺗ ﺎﻬﺒﻜﺗﺮ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻄﻠﺳ
ﺆﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ ،ﺓﺪﺳﺎﻓ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﺠﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺩ
ﻱ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻥﺍﺪﻘﻓ ﺛ ﺔﻘ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ
ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻓ
ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ .
ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻨﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻗﺍﺪﺼﻣ ﺪﻘﻔﺗ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻥﻷ
ﻢﻬﻧﺄﻛﻭ ﻥﻭﺮﻬﻈﻳﻭ ،ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻨﺗ ﻑﻮﺳ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻣﻭ ﻳ
ﺸﻤ ﻥﻮ ﻣ ﻦ
ءﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﺃ ﻬﺴﻔﻧ ﻢ . ﻭ ﻻﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺮﻤﺘﺳ ﻊﻀﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ ﺕﺎﺑﺍﺮﻄﺿﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺮﻬﻈﺗ ،ﺭﺍ
ﺮﻄﺧ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ
(Badoh & Dahlan, 2010)
. ﻥﻮﻜﺗﻭ ﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣ
ﻝﺍﻮﺣﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔ
ﺔﻣﺃ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻤﺑ ﻦﻴﻤﺘﻬﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﻴﺟ ﻡﺎﻜﺣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺈﺑ .
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟﻭ ﺍﺬﻫ
ﺐﺠﻳ ﻟﺍ ﺃﺪﺒ ﻦﻣ ﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺎ ﺕﺎﺑ
ﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻈﻨ ﻟﺍ ﻰﺘﺣ ﺼﺤ ﻮ ﻝ ﻠﻋ ﻰ ﺪﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻟﺍ .ﺪﻴﺠ
ﺔﺻﻼﺧ
ﻲﻫ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻯﺮﻳ ﺭﺪﺼﻣ
ﻞﻛ ﺮﺷ ﺎﻬﻟﻭ
ﺩﻼﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺵﺎﻤﻜﻧﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻴﺒﻛ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ
، ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻝﺎﺠﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻦﻣﻭ
ﻲﻫ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ
ﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴ .ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﺤﺷﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺢﻴﺷﺮﺗ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ
ﻲﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻑﺮﺻ
ﺔﻧﺍﺰﺧ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﺄﺑ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ
ﺍﺮﻴﺜﻛ ﻻﺍﻮﻣﺃ ﻖﻔﻨﺗ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ
ﻊﻓﺩ
ﻲﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺖﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍﻭ .
ﺩﺎﻳﺩﺯﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﺍ ﺮﻘﻔﻟ
ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ
ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻡﺪﻌﻟ ﺩﻼﺑ
ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ
ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺐﺒﺴ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﺩﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺬﻏﻷﺍ ﻰﺘﺣ
ﺾﻌﺑ ﻢﻬﺒﻌﺷ ﻠﻋ ﻦﻳﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻰ
ﻢﻬﺗﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺣﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺗ ﻥﻷ
ﺒﺗﺍﺭ ﻢﻬ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗﺃ .
ﻩﺬﻫﻭ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺎﻬﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻬﻅ
ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ
ﺓﺪﺳﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻭ
ﺓءﺎﺳﺇ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ
ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﻭﺬﺨﺗﺍ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﺳﺎﻔﻟﺍ ءﺎﻤﻋﺰﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻳ ﻘﻠﻌ ﻥﻮ ﻤﻫﺃ ﻢﻬﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ
،ﻢﻬﺗﺎﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ
ﺓﺬﺨﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻝﺎﺠﻣ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ
ﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺪﺘﻤﻳ ﻞﻌﺠﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ .
ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻧﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺍﺪﺼﻣ
ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻭ
.ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ
ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﻭ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﻢﻟ
ﺑ ﺔﻣﻷﺍ ﻖﺜﺗ ﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺎ
ﻑﻮﺳ ،ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗﻭ ﺔ ﺗﺘ
ﻠ ﻒ ﻞﻛ
ﻣﺃ ﻮ ﺭ ﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ءﺍﺮﺷ ﻡﺍﺩﺎﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺪﻘﻔﺗﻭ ،ﺔ .ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺍ ًﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ
ﺡﺍﺮﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻪﺤﻨﻣ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻣﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻆﻓﺎﺤﻴﻠﻓ ﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ءﺎﺳﺃﺮﻠﻟ ﺕﺮﻬﻅ ﻰﺘﺣ ﻢﻬﻟ ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ
ﻴﻗﺍﺪﺼﻣ ﻢﻬﺘ
ﻭ ﻞﻤﺣ ﻦﻜﻤﻳﻭ ﻢﻬﺗﺩﺎﻴﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻬﺘﻘﺛ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﺇ ﺩﻼﺑ
ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻻ
ﺭﺎﻫﺩﺯ
ﺻﺎﺧ ﺔ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺒﻌﺷ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
ﻢﻬ ءﺍﻮﺳ ﻲﺋﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺃ
ﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻭ .ﻲ
ﻭ ﻟ ﻲﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﻹﺍ ﺐﻌﺸﻠ ﻼﺌﻟ
ﺎًﻣﻮﻳ ﺍﻮﻨﻜﻤﺘﻳ ﻰﺘﺣ ءﺎﻤﻋﺰﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻣﺪﻗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺎﺷﺮﻟﺍﻞﺒﻘﻳ ﻋ
ﻰﻠ
ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺔﻗﺩﺎﺻ ﺓﺪﺋﺎﻗ ﺔﻬﻳﺰﻧﻭ ﺔﻔﻴﻈﻧ
.
ﻊﺟﺍﺮﻤﻟﺍ
Badoh, I. Z. F., & Dahlan, A. (2010). Korupsi Pemilu di Indonesia (1st ed.). Jakarta:
Indonesia Corruption Watch.
Cahyono, M. F., & Trijono, L. (2004). Pemilu 2004:Transisi Demokrasi dan Kekerasan (1st ed.). Yogyakarta: CPCS Books.
Huda, N. (2005). Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia (1st ed.). Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Irawan, A., Dahlan, A., Fariz, D., & Putri, A. G. (2014). Panduan Pemantauan Korupsi Pemilu (1st ed.). Jakarta: Indonesia Corruption Watch.
Junaidi, V., Khoirunnisa, Agustiyati, & Hastomo, I. S. (2013). Politik Hukum Sistem Pemilu. Jakarta: Yayasan Perludem.
Lubis, M. S. (1982). Asas-Asas Hukum Tata Negara. Bandung: Penerbit Alumni.
Schaffer, F. C. (2007). Elections for sale: The causes and Consequences of Vote Buying. Manila: Lynne Rienner Publishers Boulder, CO.
Undang Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2003 Tentang Pemilihan Umum Presiden Dan Wakil Presiden.
