JURUSAN TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI MINERAL
UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” YOGYAKARTA 2023
The gods of volcanoes doing their task
Vent positions
Vent positions
Central Eruption
Fissure Eruption
Side Eruption
Shield Volcanoes
Shield Volcanoes
Shield Volcanoes
Shield Volcanoes
Shield Volcanoes
Cinder Cone Volcanoes
Cinder Cone Volcanoes
Strato Volcanoes
Strato Volcanoes
Lava Dome Volcanoes
Caldera Volcanoes
Eruption Types
HAWAIIAN-HAWAI
Eruption Types
STROMBOLIAN - ANAK KRAKATAU
Eruption Types
VULCANIAN DOME - MERAPI
Eruption Types
VULCANIAN - SURTSEYAN
Eruption Types
VULCANIAN - PAPANDAYAN GAMALAMA
Eruption Types
PELEEAN - ST HELLENS
Eruption Types
PLINIAN PINATUBO
Eruption Types
PLINIAN - TAMBORA
Volcanism & Plate Tectonics
Volcanism in islands arc Volcanism in continental
Volcanism & Plate Tectonics
Pacific Ocean
Volcanism in
Mid Oceanic Ridge
Volcanism & Plate Tectonics
Hot Spot Volcanism
Finally . . .
Rest in Peace
COLUMNAR JOINT
VOLCANIC NECK
JURUSAN TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI MINERAL
UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” YOGYAKARTA 2023
Gunung Api
• Tempat /bukaan dari mana magma (material kental pijar atau gas) dan umumnya keduanya, keluar dari dalam bumi ke permukaan, dan bahan batuan yang terakumulasi di sekeliling bukaan itu membentuk bukit/gunung (Macdonald, 1972)
• Volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet’s
surface or crust which allows hot magma, ash and gases to escapes from below the surface (Google- Volcano)
• Setiap magma yang muncul ke permukaan bumi (solar system) adalah gunung api (Bronto, 2006)
Contoh keberadaan gunung api:
1. G. Semeru, Jatim (di darat) 2. G. Mayon, Filipina (di darat) 3. Gn.api bawah laut & pulau
gn.api di Kep. Sangihe
4. G. Anak Krakatau, Selat Sunda (kaki di laut, lereng & puncak di darat)
1 2
3
4
From: Bronto, 2014
Click to edit Master title style
A B
A: Problem Magmatisme – Volkanisme
B: Problem Volkanisme-Sedimentasi From: Bronto, 2014
Genetic Classification of Volc. Deposits
McPhie et al., 1993
• Autoclastic
• Pyroclastic
• Resedimented Syn-eruptive Volc.clastic
• Volcanogenic Sedimentary
Genetic Classification of Volcanic Deposits
McPhie et al., 1993
“Block and Ash” Flow Deposits
Juvenile materials Cognate
block
Accidental block (?)
Origins of pyroclastic density currents
The resulted deposits called IGNIMBRITES
Branney & Kokelaar,2 002
Alternatif Models of Ignimbrite emplacement
• Ignimbrites typically are :
– pumiceous and ash-rich,
– poorly sorted mixture of pumice, and
– lithic lapilli supported in a matrix of vitric shards and crystal fragments.
Pyroclastic density currents = Ignimbrites
• TWO main types of ignimbrite:
– Dominant type (pumice and ash-rich): Massive/bedded lapilli tuff – Poor-pumice and ash content: Lithic Breccia and Scoria Agglomerate
Lithic Breccia Scoria Aglomerate Massive lapilli tuff
From: Branney & Kokelaar, 2002
Fasies dekat Fasies
tengah
Fasies dekat
Fasies tengah Fasies
pusat
Fasies jauh
Pembagian litofasies
From: Bronto, 2014
Central Facies
Proximal Facies
Medial Facies
Distal Facies
Pembelajaran gn api aktif, tua ke purba
G. Semeru
Peg. Kulon Progo, Peg. Selatan, Godean, Karangbolong, dll.
G. Muria
Bronto, 2014
Morfologi saat ini sayap gunungapi purba Kecamatan Tempursari
Volc. Facies Model
Coarse Talus Deposits:
Actively acumulating on the flank of lava dome (M. St Helens)
Near Lava Dome Talus
Near source reworked
Volcanic bomb of Anak Krakatau
Block
Bomb
Fragments Rich Co-Ignimbrite Breccia
Tuff Breccia
Lava
Lapilli Tuff
Lahar
Tuff
Conglomerates
Interbended Sandstone &
Tuff
Lacustrine Siltstone
