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Table of contents
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Accepted papers received: 2 August 2018 Published online: 26 September 2018 Preface
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Volume 407
2018
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International Conference on Informatics, Engineering, Science and Technology (INCITEST)
9 May 2018, Bandung, Indonesia
011001 PEN ACCESS
International Conference on Informatics, Engineering, Science and Technology INCITEST)
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011002 PEN ACCESS
eer review statement
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012001 PEN ACCESS
evelopment of Information Technology Structural Scheme For Monitoring Business rocess
S Soegoto and R Sani
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012002 PEN ACCESS
esigning E-Learning Application
S Soegoto and F Ardian
View article PDF View abstract
012003 PEN ACCESS
mart School for Senior High School
S Soegoto, I P Yunus and T Valentina
View article PDF View abstract
012004 PEN ACCESS
uilding Futsal Competition System Based on Website to Increase Participants and rofit
S Soegoto and D Y Panggabean
View article PDF View abstract
012005 PEN ACCESS
cademic Assessment Information System
Riyanto and J S Johanez
View article PDF View abstract
012006 PEN ACCESS
nline Shopping as an Opportunity to Have a Profitable Business
S Soegoto and A Nugraha
View article PDF View abstract
012007 PEN ACCESS
aking Online Shop Based on Web as a Business Opportunity
S Soegoto and A Pratama
View article PDF View abstract
012008 PEN ACCESS
esign of E-commerce Information System on Web-based Online Shopping
S Soegoto and A Suripto
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012009 PEN ACCESS
Implementation of Visual, Auditory, Kineshthetic, Tactile Model Learning System to Help ild Retarded Children in Alphabetical and Numeric Learning
D Agustia and I N Arifin
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012010 PEN ACCESS
ffect of Website Display on Consumer's Buying Interest
Tawami and A T Ain
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012011 PEN ACCESS
pplication Marketing Strategy Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
S Iskandar and D Komara
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012012 PEN ACCESS
olving University Course Timetabling Problem Using Memetic Algorithms and Rule- ased Approaches
A Nugroho and G Hermawan
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012013 PEN ACCESS
Implementation of Data Mining on Online Shop in Indonesia
Chouat and A H Irawan
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012014 PEN ACCESS
esigning Web-based Score Processing Information System
Warlina and A Nurjaman
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012015 PEN ACCESS
Influence of Internet Marketing on Concert Ticket Purchasing
S Soegoto and A Marica
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012016 PEN ACCESS
aintaining and Developing the Creative Knit Industry in Binong Jati
S Soegoto and S T Margana
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012017 PEN ACCESS
uilding a PlayStation Rental (PS) Information System Web-based
S Soegoto and R Wijaya
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012018 PEN ACCESS
uilding an Employee Attendance System in Company
Riyanto and I R Smith
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012019 PEN ACCESS
uilding Healthy and Comfortable House in Equatorial, Tropical Climate Indonesia
Tawami and A F Mutaqin
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012020 PEN ACCESS
uilding IT-based Pharmacy: Computerized Pharmacy Management
Kurniawan and M Ikhsan
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012021 PEN ACCESS
uilding the Design of E-Commerce
S Soegoto, M A S Marbun and F Dicky
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012022 PEN ACCESS
uilding Concept of High School Information Technology Based
S Soegoto and C Chandra
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012023 PEN ACCESS
esign of Web-based Sales Information System on Fashion Shop in Bandung, Indonesia
S Soegoto and C Cica
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012024 PEN ACCESS
ffect of Co-working Space Designs to Business Development and Increasing User Interest
S Soegoto and E I Hafandi
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012025 PEN ACCESS
Information System Design of an Inventory Online Website
S Soegoto and D A Oktady
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012026 PEN ACCESS
esign and Development of Ticket Reservation Information System in Travel Business
S Soegoto and R Fadillah
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PEN ACCESS
012027
esigning Consultant Services Sales System through Online Store
S Soegoto, R Juliana and D Oktafiani
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012028 PEN ACCESS
esigning Student Aspiration Website with PHP
S Soegoto and I B Nurwahan
View article PDF View abstract
012029 PEN ACCESS
esigning Web-based Food Ordering Information System in Restaurant
Warlina and S M Noersidik
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012030 PEN ACCESS
esigning Website Geographic Information System for Improving Brand Image of eographic Company
S Soegoto and K W Ginanjar
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012031 PEN ACCESS
evelopment of E-Commerce Technology in World of Online Business
S Soegoto, A Christiani and D Oktafiani
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012032 PEN ACCESS
esigning Pharmacy Transaction Information System
S Soegoto and D Ginanjar
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012033 PEN ACCESS
ffect of Social Media on E-Commerce Business
Riyanto and F A Renaldi
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012034 PEN ACCESS
-Commerce and Business Social Media Today
S Soegoto and E Eliana
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012035 PEN ACCESS
sage of E-commerce in Increasing Company Power and Sales
S Soegoto, J Delvi and A Sunaryo
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012036 PEN ACCESS
o-Study Electronic Learning Service Application
Sukaesih and E Nugraha
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012037 PEN ACCESS
he Customer Service Quality of Railway Station in Yogyakarta
Rozaq and D T Istiantara
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012038 PEN ACCESS
uilding Api Student Store at Iris Labs Unikom
S Soegoto and F Z Fahmi
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012039 PEN ACCESS
esign and Development of Online Retail System
S Soegoto and F Subakti
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012040 PEN ACCESS
ole of Internet and Social Media for Promotion Tools
S Soegoto, F A Purnama and A Hidayat
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012041 PEN ACCESS
pplication of IT-Based Web on Online store
S Soegoto and F A Purwandani
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012042 PEN ACCESS
Implementation of Information Technology as an Advertising Media
S Soegoto and H Bastian
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012043 PEN ACCESS
Improving SME Marketing in Belitung District through Online Market
S Soegoto and H Septiawan
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012044 PEN ACCESS
lothing Store Website Creation Utilizing Social Media as Media Promotion
Kurniawan and M A Ilham
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012045 PEN ACCESS
AW, TOPSIS, PROMETHEE Method as a Comparison Method in Measuring Procurement f Goods and Services Auction System
Pangaribuan and A Beniyanto
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012046 PEN ACCESS
Implementation of E-Budgeting Information System on Budget Management PT. Industri elekomunikasi Indonesia, Indonesia
S Soegoto and S H Indra
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012047 PEN ACCESS
Information System in Promoting and Ordering of Web-based Confection Service
Warlina and J P Ambara
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012048 PEN ACCESS
arketing Strategy of Tourism Package through Design of Web-based Information ystem on One of Tours and Travel in Bandung
S Iskandar and I N Firdaus
View article PDF View abstract
012049 PEN ACCESS
evelopment of online ticket system at a football club in Bandung, Indonesia
S Soegoto and I F Siddiq
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012050 PEN ACCESS
ole of web design for image brand toward business
S Iskandar and K Y Sholihat
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012051 PEN ACCESS
ffect of the internet in improving business transactions with online market methods
S Soegoto and Rifky Akbar
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012052 PEN ACCESS
esigning internet café as an electronic sport athletes boot camp in Bandung
S Soegoto and M R Adzkia
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012053 PEN ACCESS
se of internet as product marketing media using internet marketing method
S Soegoto and M R Rahmansyah
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012054 PEN ACCESS
uilding information system based online quiz on messenger and website as backend
S Soegoto and N Firdiawati
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012055 PEN ACCESS
he role of information technology in online sales (online shopping)
S Soegoto and Anita Nur Kusuma Wardhani View article PDF View abstract
012056 PEN ACCESS
pplication of Creatures Variety Study for 2 Grade
Wartika and N Prahasdito
nd
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012057 PEN ACCESS
obile application for find alumni using social media application programming interface
G Guntara and D S Astomo
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012058 PEN ACCESS
evelopment of desktop-based information system on waste management bank
S Soegoto, R Hergy Gani Azhari and A O Istiqomah View article PDF View abstract
012059 PEN ACCESS
Internet role in improving business transaction
S Soegoto and M S F Rafi
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012060 PEN ACCESS
eb-based Information System Services in a Textile Industry
S Soegoto and R S Pamungkas
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012061 PEN ACCESS
tilization of the internet in the development of online transportation in Indonesia
S Soegoto and R D Septa
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012062 PEN ACCESS
elation between internet and social media to support sales in business
Muresan and R Sinuraya
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012063 PEN ACCESS
eb and Android Programming Course Information System
S Soegoto and M R Jayaswara
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012064 PEN ACCESS
uild an Online Shop Website Using Html Programming Language
S Soegoto and H R Pasaribu
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012065 PEN ACCESS
se of google AdSense for income generating activity
S Soegoto and R B Semesta
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012066 PEN ACCESS
Implementing Laravel framework website as brand image in higher-education institution
S Soegoto
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012067 PEN ACCESS
he company's performance assessment using balanced scorecard
Harihayati, R Lubis, S Atin and U D Widianti View article PDF View abstract
012068 PEN ACCESS
nhancement of Indoor Localization Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey
I D Sumitra, S Supatmi and R Hou
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012069 PEN ACCESS
R code and transport layer security for licensing documents verification
Wibiyanto and I Afrianto
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012070 PEN ACCESS
aw material inventory control analysis with economic order quantity method
Susanto
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012071 PEN ACCESS
odel of receipt and distribution of zakat funds information system
D Rahmatya and M F Wicaksono
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012072 PEN ACCESS
uality of common space in traditional residential area in perspective of use atisfaction
anita Subadra Abioso and Sugeng Triyadi View article PDF View abstract
012073 PEN ACCESS
egging and tourism: between visual imagery and a social reality
Dewiyanti and D Rosmalia
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012074 PEN ACCESS
ew algorithm for digital way-finding map
Aria
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012075 PEN ACCESS
elevance Vector Machine for Summarization
Rainarli and K E Dewi
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012076 PEN ACCESS
ublic space strategic planning based on Z generation preferences
Susanti and T W Natalia
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012077 PEN ACCESS
Implementation lean manufacturing using Waste Assessment Model (WAM) in shoes ompany
enny Henny and H R Budiman
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012078 PEN ACCESS
wareness, readiness and challenges of architectural Firmin Indonesia in entering SEAN Economic Community (AEC)
ndi Harapan
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012079 PEN ACCESS
erformance analysis of supply chain on saroo model shoes products using SCOR odel
I M A Anthara and Wullan Damayanti
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012080 PEN ACCESS
esign of electric wheelchair controller based on brainwaves spectrum EEG sensor
Utama and M D Saputra
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012081 PEN ACCESS
eb vulnerability analysis and implementation
B Setiawan and A Setiyadi
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012082 PEN ACCESS
se of grooved clamping plate to increase strength of bolted moment connection on old formed steel structures
D Setiyarto
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012083 PEN ACCESS
Identification of sustainable regional development in Majalengka regency
Warlina
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012084 PEN ACCESS
onceptual design of children's portable bicycle frame and handlebar
abriel Sianturi and Lutfhi Awil Fuad
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012085 PEN ACCESS
ortable LED lamps
utono
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012086 PEN ACCESS
tilization of function point method for measuring software project complexity
Atin, T Harihayati and U D Widianti
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012087 PEN ACCESS
isk project management analysis
D Widianti, T Harihayati and S Sufaatin
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012088 PEN ACCESS
Implementation of telecontrol of solar home system based on Arduino via smartphone
Herdiana and I F Sanjaya
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012089 PEN ACCESS
pending habits and financial literacy based on gender on employees
. Andriani and N Nugraha
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012090 PEN ACCESS
he development of bank applications for debtors' selection by using Naïve Bayes lassifier technique
L B Ginting, J Adler, Y R Ginting and A H Kurniadi View article PDF View abstract
012091 PEN ACCESS
esign of business simulation game database for managerial learning
lam Santosa and Suci Annisa Anugrah
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012092 PEN ACCESS
esign and analysis on data warehouse of personnel administration system using time eries algorithm
Alviana and B Kurniawan
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012093 PEN ACCESS
onstruction industry project planning information system
T Mardiani
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012094 PEN ACCESS
obile point of sale design and implementation
I Lestariningati
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012095 PEN ACCESS
omputational model of student competency analysis in fuzzy topsis method
Nursikuwagus, L Melian and D Permatasari View article PDF View abstract
012096 PEN ACCESS
esign of interactive learning media to pronunciation characters and words English for lind children
yahrul, M F Wicaksono and Hidayat
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012097 PEN ACCESS
Integrated Information System for Radio Frequency Identification Based Administration nd Academic Activities on Higher Education
Kurniawan
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012098 PEN ACCESS
he Determination of Market Area using Single Additive Weightening (SAW)
D Andriana and J Pratama
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012099 PEN ACCESS
rototype Emission Testing Tools for L3 Category Vehicle
Hirawan and P Sidik
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012100 PEN ACCESS
imulation on Relocation of Non-Compressed Fluid Flow using Moving Particle Semi- Implicit (MPS) Method
Ilham, Y Yulianto and A P A Mustari
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012101 PEN ACCESS
trategic Planning and Implementation of Academic Information System (AIS) Based on ebsite with D&M Model Approach
ubandi, A A Syahidi and A N Asyikin
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012102 PEN ACCESS
omplex Data Analysis for Products Bundling
P Purfini
View article PDF View abstract
012103 PEN ACCESS
dometry Method and Rotary Encoder for Wheeled Soccer Robot
Taufiqqurohman and N F Sari
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012104 PEN ACCESS
isruptive Technology: The Phenomenon of FinTech towards Conventional Banking in Indonesia
Riyanto, I Primiana, Yunizar and Y Azis
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012105 PEN ACCESS
orecasting Surabaya – Jakarta Train Passengers with SARIMA model
W Astuti and Jamaludin
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012106 PEN ACCESS
resence Integration and Course Values for Final Value Creation
R Fenny and B Nugroho
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012107 PEN ACCESS
se of Apriori Algorithm on Building materials Sales Transaction Data of Building aterials
B Winanti and A Handiansyah
View article PDF View abstract
012108 PEN ACCESS
evelopment of Smart Home System to Controlling and Monitoring Electronic Devices sing Microcontroller
Maulana and M R Al-Jabari
View article PDF View abstract
012109 PEN ACCESS
evelopment of E-Diploma System Model with Digital Signature Authentication
Finandhita and I Afrianto
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012110 PEN ACCESS
Information System Monitoring Access Log Database on Database Server
Setiyadi and E B Setiawan
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012111 PEN ACCESS
esign of Rescheduling of Lecturing, using Genetics-Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm
F Palembang
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012112 PEN ACCESS
Internet of Things (IoT) for Urban Detailed Spatial Plan with Zoning Map
Mulyana, Y Wiradinata and R Sutriadi
View article PDF View abstract
012113 PEN ACCESS
ecturer Workload Optimization Applying Interactive Visualization
K Mufida, M Santiputri, N Z Janah, D E Kurniawan and M Idris View article PDF
View abstract
012114 PEN ACCESS
eep Learning – Now and Next in Text Mining and Natural Language Processing
I Widiastuti
View article PDF View abstract
012115 PEN ACCESS
he Need of Catering Food Materials using Lotting Technique
Robecca and D Sudrajat
View article PDF View abstract
012116 PEN ACCESS
cheduling Regular Classrooms using Heuristic Genetic and Tabu Search Algorithms
F Fauziah and Y H Putra
View article PDF View abstract
012117 PEN ACCESS
he Role of Information Communication Technology at Traditional Market in Improving Income equirement Area
upriyati
View article PDF View abstract
012118 PEN ACCESS
usical Instrument Recognition using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients and Learning ector Quantization
I Maliki and Sofiyanudin
View article PDF View abstract
012119 PEN ACCESS
trategies and Policies to Dealing the Challenges and Use of Industry Based on IT in Indonesia
Rahajoeningroem and A Rufiyanto
View article PDF View abstract
012120 PEN ACCESS
ata Visualization of Environmental Factors in Poultry Farm
M Bachtiar, D Dharmayanti and M Imammulloh View article PDF View abstract
012121 PEN ACCESS
Information and Knowledge in Epistemology Perspective
Zarman
View article PDF View abstract
012122 PEN ACCESS
he Coffee Roasting Process using Fuzzy Mamdani
Nurhayati and D Pramanda
View article PDF View abstract
012123 PEN ACCESS
he Design of Resistivity Tool for Subsurface Based on Microcontroller
Adler, S L B Ginting, A R A Abdullah and A Akhbar View article PDF View abstract
012124 PEN ACCESS
pplication of (Genetic – Tabu Search) Algorithms for Subsequent Lease Schedule
Kinasya
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PEN ACCESS
012125
he Development of the Education Related Multimedia Whitelist Filter using Cache Proxy og Analysis
Indrawan and Y Kerlooza
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012126 PEN ACCESS
he Analysis of ICT's Impact towards the Apathy and Narcissism Tendencies of the ndergraduate Students
Susilawati and R P Dhaniawaty
View article PDF View abstract
012127 PEN ACCESS
nalysis of User Interface and User Experience on Comrades Application
Dharmayanti, A M Bachtiar and A P Wibawa View article PDF View abstract
012128 PEN ACCESS
usiness Blueprint Accounting Information Systems Cash Receipts in Non-Profit Entities
W Firdaus and H D Yulianto
View article PDF View abstract
012129 PEN ACCESS
he Evaluation of Information Technology Investment Management using the Domain of ortfolio Management (PM) Val IT Framework 2.0 in PT.XYZ
P Dhaniawaty and E Susilawati
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012130 PEN ACCESS
eci Implementation Model: Supporting Efforts to Preserve Sundanese Concept Culture
Sidik and M Fitriawati
View article PDF View abstract
012131 PEN ACCESS
esign of the Information System for Kindergarten Learning Plan used Scrum ethodology
Fitriawati and R H Lestari
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012132 PEN ACCESS
pplication of IPS Learning about Humans and Geographical Environment Based on ultimedia
Hardiyana and R Yudistira
View article PDF View abstract
012133 PEN ACCESS
Information Systems Interest Talent in Developing System (Independent and Innovative reative Economy) on Child with Special Needs Disabled in Bandung City
S Sitanggang
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Interaction Design to Enhance UX of University Timetable Plotting System on Mobile Version
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INCITEST IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 407 (2018) 012174 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/407/1/012174
Interaction Design to Enhance UX of University Timetable Plotting System on Mobile Version
A Andre* and H Dinata
Informatics Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Surabaya, Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Abstract. Goal of this research is to introduce how the implementation of Interaction Design can solve problem of UI/UX in mobile devices. The method used here is Interaction Design, the study of designing interactive digital products with user-centered approach to deliver engaging and better user experiences (UX). One of interesting interactive product is University Timetable Plotting System, an application used to manage course scheduling that produces busy screen with large timetable. Problems occurred because this system have inadequate support for user with relatively low resolution (like smartphone) compared to desktop thus affect negative UX.
Interaction design workflow begins with collecting data to establishing requirement, following with designing alternatives. Based on usability evaluation, Instruction approach proved to produce high satisfaction rating rather than direct manipulation approach. This research proved that Interaction Design could be utilize on the process of creating Interactive Products. In conclusion its challenging to convert plotting UI into mobile version and this paper demonstrate that Interaction design successfully guides developer and UI designer to design better UI/UX experiences.
1. Introduction
Interaction Design had been known as a workflow to guide developer and designer to create Interactive Products, such as University Timetable Plotting System (UCTP) which create weekly schedule throughout semester that satisfies its stakeholder (mostly student and lecturer) [1,2]. This system produce busy screen with large timetable, and obviously affect negative UX on mobile devices.
Excellent application interface have to build with human orientation in mind, that eventually will make good user experiences or simply known as UX [3-6].
Previous workflow model of designing interactive product have been described briefly by several research. There are several approach and workflow about conceptualizing problem into working solution. Waterfall method proved ineffective and too rigid when implemented on design process [7].
In matter of facts there are another software methodology proposed by previous research, which are Agile UX, Skeuomorphism, Five Design Sheet (FdS), and Interaction Design. Agile UX is one of software methodology that infuses designer and developer on process of product development [5]. Each set of tasks called sprint and have fluid behaviour. Designer has more flexibility to work on selected task and honoured based on task value. More features could be added in the middle of project without disrupt the main goals. However according Nielsen, UX and Agile does not collaborate well. Agile processes ignore resources needed to produce user-centered products [6]. Another development methodology is Skeuomorphism. The core concept of Skeuomorphism is how an UI component have
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IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 407 (2018) 012174 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/407/1/012174
high resemblance with real-world counterparts both behaviour and aesthetic aspect. Skeuomorphism goal is to create interface well-acquainted therefore make user feels positive and attached to products.
Some research against Skeuomorphism stated that mimicked UI could make interface look confused and meaningless to users [8]. Five Design Sheet (FdS) actually more related with prototyping methodology. FdS introduce more structured and formal way to develop low-fidelity prototype especially in paper format. FdS begins with brainstorming ideas, continue with three design sheets, and eventually converge all into one final design. The goal of FdS is delivering user-centered design and appropriate visualization design according to products specifications [9].
In Order to make plotting system produce good UX, its essentials that developer must understand user needs and build system to accomplish that. In the fields of human computer interaction, this system produces busy screen with large timetable and utilize direct manipulation to interact with objects (course, time slot, etc). There are perceptible processes in this system, beginning with setting up class and lecturer availability. Additionally, system must set hard or soft constraints based on current semester. The main focus of plotting system is how lecturer plotting their course that follow all constraints. Direct manipulation interaction types proved to be the best solution to this activity [4].
Approximately 75% screen compromise of table with lots of column and rows. Each column represent of class name, and each rows represent of time slot. Courses item can be drag around to find suitable time slots. On each frame time, system constantly generates feedback based on constraint checking. The process of drag and drop used here feels natural and reflect just like real plotting on books or whiteboard [1].
2. Research Methods
Interaction design is highly critical on conceptualizing design that satisfies user expectation according to latest standard in HCI field. Interaction design (IxD) is the discipline principle of designing interactive digital products with user centered approach and involve user in every workflow. Interaction design workflow consists of four phase which are establishing requirement, designing alternatives, prototyping and evaluating. IxD offers flexibility comparable to AgileUX but still emphasize on user oriented because IxD is iterative process. From the designer side, the IxD workflow makes it easy for designers to form UIs with variety of design alternatives. Additionally, user engagement at each stage will make it easier to evaluate the final product results. IxD accentuate system resource therefore developers and designers understand the aesthetic and systemic aspects of the system. Unlike skeuomorphism, IxD is more concerned with aspects of usability, so UI components and behaviour do not always have to imitate real world. At the prototyping stage, IxD offers freedom in prototype creation, using the term low- fidelity and high-fidelity prototype. FdS does not matter if applied to this prototyping phase. In conclusion, IxD is recommended on developing interactive digital products that emphasizes on UX and its best practice to develop system that follow flexible development methodology. This research focused on how interaction design methodology could be used to enhance UX of University Timetable Plotting System on mobile version [10]. Details of each phase displayed on figure below (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Interaction Design Lifecycle Model.
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IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 407 (2018) 012174 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/407/1/012174
The main goal of establishing requirement is to understand problem space. User needs, wants and activities need to be analysed, justified, refined, and rescoped. Data gathering and analyse technique are common methods to elaborate and determine requirements. Eventually these processes help shaping the application requirements. Overall process could be iterated with minor or major adjustment. The outcome of establishing requirements is a solid foundation for next process on IxD in the forms of scenario, personas, use case and hierarchical user task. Scenario is an informal narrative feature that tells story of interaction between personas and system. Furthermore, conceptual table model is created to set the idea about how application organizes and operated. This table consist of object, attribute, and operation that bring more details to designer as base foundation for later phase. Other function of conceptual table model is to setup interface metaphors. This term related with how a collection of UI components, behaviour, and functionality that user already familiar with. Interface metaphor can help user learn how to use the application faster [10, 11].
Designing alternatives focused on creating different kind of UI on specific user task. The goals of this phase is to provide alternative options among standard UI. This phase must involve expert user and targeted user with different capability and domain, therefore the result would be “out of the box”.
Prototyping is a process to produce small scale model of the actual application. Using prototype, stakeholders can interact with application easier and faster. Prototype also encourages reflection and answer question and support designer designate preferable UI. There are two types of prototypes which are low-fidelity and high-fidelity prototype. Low-fidelity prototype uses medium that not really resemblance of final product. Examples of low-fidelity are sketching, storyboards, card based, and wizard of oz prototype. High-fidelity prototype uses material that high resemblance of final product.
This kind of prototype have complete functionality, fully interactive, look and feel like final product [12]. Iterative design &evaluation must be conducted in IxD lifecycle model. The obvious benefit is checking user requirements compliance and evaluates user experiences. There are three types of evaluation: 1) controlled setting; 2) natural setting; 3) setting without user. Controlled setting is usability testing with controlled and preconfigured environment. Natural setting is usability testing with real world condition to ensure the authenticity and functionality. Setting without user is used to predict user behaviour by exploit expert knowledge and experiences that related on specific topics. Usability guidelines according to Jacob Nielsen describe 11 heuristic evaluation which are: 1) Visibility of system status; 2) Match between system and real world; 3) User control and freedom; 4) Consistency and standard; 5) Error prevention; 6) Recognition rather than recall; 7) Flexibility and efficiency of use; 8) Aesthetic and minimalist design; 9) Help user recognize and reclaim from error; 10) Full complete documentation.
3. Results and Discussion
Desktop timetable plotting system is capable of displaying full screen timetable model that possess high visibility. Timetable contains course information that has been plotted to a specific schedule. The plotting process begins the user to drag the course object into the available empty schedule. The system will provide periodic feedback by checking 13 hard constraints for time slot selection (Andre). Example of hard constraint are lecturers could not teach at the same time, subjects that are in the same semester should not be scheduled on the same hour, subject must be adjusted for their capacity, there are certain courses that must be placed in special class (e.g. lab). Figure 2 shows the timetable plotting system on the desktop web version. Each colour represents different course department. Yellow for multimedia department, red for information system department, green for dual degree program department, and so on (Figure 2).
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IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 407 (2018) 012174 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/407/1/012174
Figure 2. Room/Course Plotting Screen for Desktop Version.
Based on the interaction design stage, the first step is to determine the requirements. The process is done by interviewing and distributing questionnaires to lecturer and staff. The analysis results formulate claims and assumptions that form the foundation for the next stage. One of the main claims is that the user needs a user-friendly plotting system that support device with small screen. While the assumption used is the user does not need to know other subjects other than his/her own courses in timetable. Of course, this is debatable unless system can ensure every unavailability slot has been discarded from user view. Then based on claims and assumptions, more detailed structure generated as table conceptual model. Conceptual table model useful for detailing objects, attributes, and operations contained in the application. For example, the time slot object has the hour, minute, and status attributes that indicate the availability of the slot. Operations related to this object include display status slot and constraint check.
Time slot status must be self-explanatory to indicate whether the time slot is available or invalid. In addition, when a course is plotted into the time slot, the system should check the various hard constraints and provide feedback on the validity of the course placement.
The conceptual table model specifies the interface metaphors used in the application. For instance, the operation of timetable panning which related to how user move around the content of timetable used metaphors that resemblance with how user read article in mobile apps. Swipe gesture implemented in these metaphors that could perform large timetable panning navigation. Available time slot should have displayed with striking colours with minimal design. Another metaphors interface used is to display a wizard-like button that shows the action steps that will be done. After formulating the conceptual model table, the next flow is developing prototype.
The first phase prototype uses a low-fidelity method, where the UI is sketched, and navigation line drawn between pages. The goal for the designer is to understand the application navigation structure properly. Low-fidelity also slightly describes how the plotting and timetable panning process works.
Subsequently, two designs are generated for alternative purpose. First UI developed with instructional interface type, and second UI uses more direct manipulation interface type. Alternative design was tested using A / B testing which is called "two-sample hypothesis testing" that is popular in recent study case on medium scale projects. Basically A / B testing separate user on testing two different UI on completing particular actions UI is better on delivering UX. Example as in figure X shows plotting task using direct instructing interaction types. In this case the user is given step by step instructions about how to choose time slot (Figure 3).
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IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 407 (2018) 012174 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/407/1/012174
Figure 3. High-fidelity mock up for interaction UI. (Left: Instructional UI; Right: Direct Manipulation UI).
In Figure 3 shows the UI with the instructional type. Plotting process guided with step by step action that visible on the top of pages. The plotting process begins by selecting the course that want to plot.
Next the screen displays the select day option and the amount of time slot available on each day. The number of timeslots is calculated exclusively based on lecturer and course constraints. The next screen displays the time slots in the available classes. Finally it shows a list of classes to choose from. Timeslot status is presented with colour coding i.e. white, yellow, and red. White code means empty and valid time slot. Yellow means there is 1 soft constraint on the time slot. While red means there are more than 1 soft constraint on the time slot. Other design alternatives like in left of figure 3 use UI with direct manipulation type. The timetable displayed full screen with clear visibility. The courses list is displayed at the top, while the timetable contains columns and rows that could be plotted. The process of plotting is by dragging from the above course list into the time slot inside the timetable. Every time the object is moved, the system will perform periodic checks of constraints. Colour encoding used as visual indicator that inform the schedule availability. For example, the colour yellow means valid, while the red colour is a violated hard constraint. Figure 3 on the right displays successful courses plotted into timetables.
Next workflow according on the IxD is evaluation. Data gathered using interview and qualitative questionnaire method with questions are tailored to Nielsen's 11 usability guideline [13,14].
Questionnaire is distributed to 20 respondents. The form of user satisfaction level diagram of the two UI models. Based on the evaluation result of UX satisfaction level above, it can be concluded that instructional UI model produce better UX and usability than direct manipulation UI. The consistency usability component gets the highest level of satisfaction than any other. The dynamic occurred during designing and developing produce interesting findings. Lack of communication between developer and UI designer makes some feature on the prototypes will not work in real condition. For example, in Instructional model prototype, the design could affect overall performance as explained before and this issue is inevitable. According to Borchers, communication between interdisciplinary departments could
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IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 407 (2018) 012174 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/407/1/012174
produce major problem in HCI and suggested that each involved department should plan their best practices, methodology and value into form of pattern language [15]. Similar research tries to combine agile software methodology and UX development to produce product with good UX have been briefly explained in literature study. However, this integration has major problems, which focused on lack of big picture on the final product. Team must have defined precisely the projection of the output/final product [16].
4. Conclusions
Developing timetable plotting on mobile version is challenging. It’s related to how to pack busy screen into small screen devices. IxD workflow successfully guides designer and app developer to create new improved UI of timetable plotting on mobile version. Alternative UI approaches were created to investigate the user interaction on understanding system in more details. Delivering mock-up with low fidelity version produce better insight on common UI flaw. Moreover, high fidelity prototype produces a near and final product, that could be used on evaluation steps. Usability test based questionnaires and interview could formulate better understanding of how UX could be enhanced. Interaction design workflow is an iterative process that each phase and component could be revised and refined until system considered final especially on University Timetable Plotting System.
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