1
Supplemental Table S5. Vascular System – Endothelium – and Other Organ-Systems
Vascular System – Endothelium – & Others Study N Main Pathological Findings (n) Duration of Hospitalization
(Days)
Cause of Death (n) Potential Mechanistic Biomarkers Magro et al.[6] 4 Thrombogenic vasculopathy of
cutaneous tissue (3)
Range: 0-5 (n=2) N/R D-dimer: Range: 1,187-7,030 ng/mL (n=3)
Varga et al.[7] 3 (2 deceased, 1 survivor)
Lymphocytic endotheliitis of lungs (2), heart (2), kidneys (1),
& liver (1),
Endotheliitis of small intestinal submucosal vessels (2)
Range: 8-16 (n=2) MOF (1), SCA (1),
[1 patient survived]
N/R
Menter et al.[9] 21 Acute splenitis (6) Median: 5
(Range: 0-16)
N/R Interleukin-6: range: 103-278 ng/L (n=5)
D-dimer: range: 400-10,400 ng/mL (n=5) LDH: range 171-661 U/L (n=10) Wichmann et
al.[11]
9 males (out of 12 patients)
DVT (7),
Prostatic venous plexus thrombosis (6)
N/R Respiratory Failure (8),
SCA (2), PE (1),
Cardiorespiratory failure (1) [Overlapping with Edler et al.
study participants]
-CRP: Median: 189 mg/L, range: 18-348 (n=10)
-D-dimer: Median: 23,100 ng/L, range:
5,700->200,000 (n=5)
Buja et al.[12] 3 Thrombi in peritesticular veins (1)
10 (n=1)
Out-of-hospital death (n=2)
Respiratory failure (1) N/R (2)
N/R
Grimes et al.[14] 2 DVT (2) Range: 8-9 PTE (2) CRP: Range 43.74-271.6 mg/L
Bryce et al.[21] 11 (out of 67)
evaluated Microthrombi in lymph nodes (2)
Mean: 9.5 (Range: 0-61)
N/R D-dimer
-Mean at T0: 4,400 ng/mL (Range: 600- 17,200) (n=22)
-Mean at death: 7,400 µg/mL (Range: 700- 19,200) (n=32)
CRP
-Mean at T0: 139.1 mg/L (Range: 15.1- 528.9) (n=28)
-Mean at death: 235 mg/L (Range 26.2- 475.8) (n=35)
Interleukin-6
-Mean at T0: 375.8 pg/ml (Range: 45.5- 1,406) (n=14)
-Mean at death: 450.7 pg/ml (Range: 10.4- 3,181) (n=26)
Anticoagulation drugs (n=58)
2
Duarte-Neto et al.[22]
10 Fibrin microthrombi in skin (3/10), testis (2/2), and spleen (1/5)
Endothelial changes (cell tumefaction, vessel wall edema, and fibrinoid alteration) in follicular arterioles of spleen (4/5) & skin (3/10), Splenitis (2/5), Myositis (6/10)
Median: 5 (Range: 0-15)
N/R D-dimer: Range: 28.435-89.513 ng/mL
(n=2)
CRP: Median: 8.12 mg/L (Range: 23- 110.5)
Yang et al.[28] 11 (out of 12) evaluated
Mild to severe somniferous tubular injury, interstitial edema and inflammatory cells (mainly T-lymphocytes) infiltration of testes (11)
Mean duration from disease onset to death: 42
(Range: 23-75)
Respiratory failure &/or septic shock (8),
MI (1),
ARDS + MOF (1), DIC (1)
N/R
Edler et al.[29] 80 DVT (32),
Prostatic venous plexus thrombosis (15 out of 21 males with DVT),
Thrombi in esophageal veins (1)
N/R Autoptic pneumonia &/or
ARDS (n=67) [+ fulminant pulmonary artery embolism (n=8/67), sepsis (n=7/67), septic encephalopathy (n=1/67)]
Cause of death could not be certainly determined by autopsy (possible COVID-19 death versus alternative cause of death) (n=8) [e.g. aspiration pneumonia (n=1/8), purulent bronchitis (n=2/8),
emphysema with respiratory decompensation (n=1/8), bronchopneumonia (n=1/8)]
COVID-19-unrelated cause of death (n=4)
N/R
Prieto-Perez et al.[42]
17 (out of 33)
evaluated Histiocytic hyperplasia with hemophagocytosis (16)
Median: 5 (Range: 1-27)
N/R CRP: median: 10.9 mg/dL (range: 0.5-
40.1)
D-dimer: median: 3,114 ng/mL (range:
522-64,533)
IL-6: median: 40.6 pg/mL (range: 6.7- 241.4)
Bradley et al.[49] 12 (out of 14)
evaluated Splenic infarction (1) Symptom onset to death:
Median: 7 (Range: 1-23)
ARDS (7),
Viral pneumonia (2), Aspiration pneumonia &
sepsis (1),
Cardiomyopathy (1), Respiratory failure (2), Ventricular fibrillation (1)
N/R
3
Grosse et al.[50] 14 DVT (4)
Bone marrow emboli (1), Acute splenitis (2)
Median: 25 (Range: 2-71)
N/R CRP
-Range at admission: 0.3-39 mg/dL (n=14) -Range before death: 2-40.3 mg/dL (n=14) Interleukin-6
-Range at admission: 34.1-1,133 pg/mL (n=9)
-Range before death: 34.4-13,000 pg/mL (n=9)
D-dimer
-Range at admission: 1,240-13,100 ng/L (n=14)
-Range before death: 950->35,200 mg/L (n=14)
Prilutskiy et al.[51]
4 Hemophagocytic histiocytosis
in lymph nodes (3) and spleen (1)
Range: 3-14 N/R CRP: range: 77.7-365.1 mg/L
Remmelink et al.[61]
17 Ischemic enteritis (1) Median: 10
(Range: 3-31)
Respiratory failure (9), MOF (7),
SCA (1)
CRP: range: 27-270 mg/L (n=17) D-dimer: range 899-8,531 ng/mL (n=8) Skok et al.[63] 19 Ischemic change in bowel (6) Median: 9
(Range: 4-35)
N/R N/R
Nadkarni et al.[65] 26 Microthrombi in lymph nodes (2)
Median: 5 (Range: 0-22)
N/R N/R
N: Number of evaluated deceased patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19; n: number of patients; DVT: Deep venous thrombosis; PE: Pulmonary embolism; MOF: Multiorgan failure; SCA:
Sudden cardiac arrest; MI: Myocardial infarction; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; DIC: Disseminated intravascular coagulation; N/R: Not reported; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase;
CRP: C-reactive protein
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