Thanks to the great effort of the organizing Alumni of the SESAM/EEM program of the University of Flensburg, a large variety of contributions have been collected and processed in this book. The theme of the alumni workshop was "Resilient energy systems", to understand resilience as the ability to cope with dramatic change. In the current book of proceedings, the reader will find the papers delivered at the alumni conference as a documentation of the enormous work effort behind it, and as an inspiration to make new contacts and seek new forms of collaboration.
We bring Resilient Energy System as the theme of the workshop because the challenge of providing reliable and affordable energy to meet the growing demand becomes severe not only in developing countries but around the globe, more severe due to changes climatic.
ENERGY PLANNING AND POLICY FOR RESILIENT ENERGY SYSTEM
Methods used to achieve these goals are literature study, analyzing data based on renewable energy, also by providing solutions and advice for renewable energy development in Indonesia. Based on these data, the efforts to reach the target until 2019 is not a trivial matter, whereas the supply of electric energy by 2025 national target of 115 MW with a share of renewable energy of 23%, in relation to the above renewable energy strategy energy development in Indonesia is strengthening the role of renewable energy in the energy mix: (1) incentives and the right price to encourage investment; (i) the use of various renewable energy sources and bioenergy for electricity production and (iii) the use of biofuels. Analyze the potential of renewable energy in Indonesia and optimization of utilization to reach the target of 23% in 2015 and 31% in 2050, this is in line with Indonesia's national energy development policy.
Strengthening the role of renewable energy in the energy mix: (i) incentives and the right price to encourage investment; (ii) the use of various renewable energy and bio-energy for power generation, and (iii) the use of biofuels.
ENERGY SYSTEM RESILIENCE TO ECONOMIC DYNAMICS AND CLIMATE
Therefore, climate change has added an additional challenge to the country's socio-economic development. One of the emphases of this policy is the implementation of community-based adaptation plans, as stated in the NAPA 2010. In particular, the impact of these disruptions occurs on slower time scales than the time scale of the states of the system [1-2 ].
This instability is characterized by the singularity of the Jacobian matrix of the system in some critical parameters.
RENEWABLE ENERGY
In most of the intervention areas, the community-based organization (CBO) manages the plant. In this model, the income earned as well as the costs associated with the upkeep and maintenance of the solar water pumps are borne by the community. This model has a major limitation in that the incentive structure for maintaining the setup is weak.
The company absorbs about 50% of rice husk production in Tuban and Lamongan area in East Java. Experience from the private sectors has been integration into the biogas sector and responding to actual demand from biogas companies (bottom-up approach). The various direct and indirect but significant benefits enjoyed by users of biogas technology play an important role in the success of the sector.
The implementation of a sensible and consistent subsidy policy combined with the development of liberalized policies and procedures for the participation of the private sector caused the entry of private sectors into the construction of biogas plants. The electrification ratio of the province is 74.06% (Bappeda, 2014), but it is noted that 1.1 million people live on the island of the big city, Batam. One of the main issues in renewable energy production is the availability of data, especially solar radiation and wind speed.
With this control, the output of the module can be observed in real time and accessed remotely. The ratio between the flow rate of the working fluid and the cooling water is Based on the model simulation, the net power output reaches its maximum value at a pressure of 1700 kPa.
One of the reasons is the increase in the demand for auxiliary power of the isopentane supply pump (see Figure 5).
BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP MODELS FOR RESILIENT AND
According to the International Energy Agency, there have been three generations of renewable energy within the last 100 years, namely: the first generation of renewable energy technologies that emerged from the beginning of the industrial revolution in the late 19th century. With the implementation of a corporate database, it is hoped that more of the processing can be centralized and automated. Within 3rd generation, the 'Statement of Purpose' is initially found at the end of the design process to 'check' the objectives, measures and targets that have been selected.
By agreeing in this statement 'how much' of the most important things would have been achieved by then (e.g. headcount, turnover, customer satisfaction, quality levels etc.), it was hoped that it would later be easier (for example) to check whether (or set) a consistent set of annual objectives (Ronchetti, 2006). By representing the selected objectives on a 'strategic link model' the design team is encouraged to apply 'systems thinking' (Senge 1990; Senge et al. 1999) to identify cause-and-effect relationships between the selected objectives, i.e. what do we? need to do to achieve the results we expect. The two top perspectives include objectives related to the desired outcomes of the activities undertaken, i.e.
At the level of the Asia-Pacific region, the demand for LED lighting is also increasing. IDCOL, 2013-2014, p. 89) IDCOL's SHS program is recognized as one of the fastest growing off-grid renewable energy programs in the world (Figure 1). IDCOL refinances a portion of the end user's loan amount to the POs and reduces the POs' expenditure on the system.
An important part of IDCOL's program is to ensure that both customers and POs contribute to the installation costs of the SHS. An indirect process is easier for both IDCOL and the POs, and gives the POs “the feeling of creating value and profit.” In practice, IDCOL provides a small portion of the SHS costs as a subsidy to the POs for the sale of each unit, a subsidy intended to be passed on to the customer.
EDUCATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE
This paper presents Indonesia's experiences in implementing environmental education as part of the national effort to establish environmental sustainability. The paper will discuss the emergence, current status and attempts to mainstream environmental education into the school curriculum in Indonesia. Finally, the challenges encountered in promoting and implementing environmental education in Indonesia will be highlighted.
Environmental education in Indonesia formally started in 1975 at IKIP Jakarta as a pioneer in the development of environmental education. An environmental education network of non-governmental organizations interested in environmental education was established. In 2001, there were 76 members of the network working on the development and implementation of environmental education.
The objectives of teaching and learning environmental education in Indonesia Environmental issues are caused by the inability to develop lifestyles and social value systems that are unable to match the environment. The Decree states that Demography and Environmental Education is not taught as a single subject, but is integrated into certain subjects. It is expected that environmental education is actively taught by as many teachers as possible.
Environmental education is not limited to teaching and learning activities, but is for the whole school's activities. One of the effective strategies to implement environmental education in teaching and learning is contextual approach.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRY, HOUSEHOLD, TRANSPORTATION
We are gradually working to reduce gas flaring depending on the cause of the combustion. The current drop in oil prices may become an additional constraint in determining the feasibility of flare recovery projects. Also, a target was set to reduce gas flaring in support of the implementation of the flaring regulation [8].
With a large number of the existing compressor population, the accumulation of compressor stoppages clearly contributes to the large amount of gas flares released into the environment. As introduced before, a mini compressor is used to boost gas at a very low pressure, below the specifications of the regular (standard) compressors. Control panel, used to monitor and operate the operating parameters of the compressor and its motor.
Exhaust, used to release e exhaust gas that is emitted as a result of the combustion of the fuels. Nevertheless, with the uncertainty of the depleted wells, the capital investment in a mini-compressor may not be a responsible solution. The following figure shows a monitoring of the released flare before and after the compressor installation.
As reported by [7], due to the pressure drop, the natural flow of the associated gas is unable to reach the gathering station, therefore it must be released as flare to prevent the well from being shut-in. On the safety issue, where a minimum flare is still required, not all of the gas would be recovered.
![Figure 1. Basic Process Flow Schematic [4]](https://thumb-ap.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dok/11463578.0/148.892.179.724.131.450/figure-1-basic-process-flow-schematic-4.webp)
ALUMNI NETWORK
Flensburg Association for Energy Management Nepal is a Nepali alumni association of the University of Flensburg, Germany founded in 2004. The first Nepali graduates of the University of Flensburg were from the University's Rural Adaptable Technology and Skill Extension (ARTES) in 1996 FAEM Nepal was the first alumni organization of its kind of the University of Flensburg until then.
FAEM-Nepal is also an institutional member of the German Asian Alumni Network for Energy and Sustainability (GANES) registered in India as a charitable trust. Alumni members consist of graduates of 3 different study programs of the University of Flensburg, viz. The main objective of the workshop was to create links between the promotion of renewable energy and sustainable development.
The main aim of the seminar was to improve networks between Flensburg University alumni working in the renewable energy and environmental sector in the region. The findings of the workshop were fruitful for academics and development practitioners in Nepal as well as abroad. The main objectives of the workshop were to exchange knowledge and ideas about successful initiatives of promoting renewable energy with links to reducing the impact of climate change among the participants, and to improve networks and cooperation for future cooperation.
Most FAEM Nepal members have full-time jobs and encounter difficulties in alumni activities. More alumni activities leading to better recognition within and outside Nepal of the FAEM Nepal can attract alumni members for FAEM Nepal activities.