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LESSON
TOEFL Prep I Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word from the list. TOEFL Prep II Find the word or phrase that is closest in mean- ing to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column.
Food Crops
- anticipate 6. flood
- catastrophic 7. impact
- collide 8. persevere
- eruption 9. plunge
- famine 10. unleash
The potato faminein Ireland in the mid-nineteenth century caused large numbers of Irish people to emigrate to America. TOEFL Prep I Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column.
Disaster
- diverse 7. migration
- evolve 8. physical
- feature 9. process
- generation 10. survive
- constraint 6. emission
- contamination 7. extinction
- deplete 8. reservoir
- dispose of 9. shrink
- elementally 10. stable
- arbitrary 7. parallel
- denominator 8. proportion
- exponentially 9. rate
- infinitesimal 10. sequence
- accuracy 6. integrally
- adjacent 7. overlap
- compress 8. retain
- feasibly 9. seep
- circulate 6. implement
- corrode 7. innovative
- derive 8. installation
- detection 9. maintenance
- expeditiously 10. simulation
Usage tips The phrase lowest common denominatormeans “the most basic and unsophisticated things that most people share.”. Usage tips Gutalso means “the stomach of an animal”; this verb makes an image, that the inside of a building is like the inside of an animal.
Computers
- combustion 6. permeate
- component 7. rotate
- discretely 9. source
- nucleus 10. trigger
In 2001, nuclear power generated 21 percent of the electricity in the United States.Solarpower produces less than 1 percent of the United States’ electricity needs, because it is not regularly available and harnessing it is more expensive than using fossil fuels. Dependence on electricity permeatesdaily life in the United States.Still,few people are aware of the many componentsof electricity production.
Energy
- acquisition 6. indisputable
- anomaly 7. intervene
- consciously 8. intuitively
- degrade 9. recede
To compensate, we may even creatively fill in the gap created by the recessionof long-term memory. Complete the summary by selecting the three answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.
Memory
- agnostic 6. deify
- animism 7. ecclesiastical
- atheist 8. exalt
- be inclined to 9. pious
- contemplate 10. sacrifice
- aggravate 6. persist
- decrepit 7. prognosis
- disease 8. terminal
- forensics 10. wound
One who does not believe in the existence of a supreme being He argued that his scientific training made it impossible for him to be anything but an atheist. TOEFL Prep I Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word or phrase from the list. The generation of American leaders known as “the Founders” are by many scholars for their wisdom and courage.
As a boy, Aleksey was often taken by his parents on their annual pilgrimages, when he most certainly began contemplationof the religious way of life he was to choose.As patriarch,Aleksey is exalted in the Church governance, but he is not deified. Advances in the study of forensicshave made it much easier to identify criminals from very small traces of evidence.
Illness
- anesthesia 6. implant
- augment 7. inject
- certifiably 8. obese
- complication 9. procedure
To set in firmly; to insert in the body surgically The actress had cheek implantsto make her face look fuller. A mark on the skin left after a wound has healed; a lasting sign of damage, either mental or physical. Doctors are now able to (cure / implant) many types of sickness that were usually fatal in the past.
Before (augmenting / injecting) a painkiller, the dentist rubbed cloves on the woman’s gums to numb them. Since 1992, the number of cosmetic surgeryprocedureshas risen 175 percent in the United States.Two of the most popular are liposuction and breastaugmentation.In liposuction, the doctorinsertsa small tube into the skin that sucks fat from the body.
Surgery
- astrological 6. invoke
- divination 7. meditate
- intermediary 10. self-perpetuating
Related to the study of the position of stars, the sun, and the planets in the belief that they influence earthly events Every day, Mona read her astrologicalforecast in the newspaper, and she was careful if the horoscope predicted trouble. To continually appear (in the form of a ghost) in the same place or to the same person. Relating to the supposed ability of the human mind to sense things that cannot be observed.
The leaders of the religious group are said to have (astrological / psychic) powers that allow them to move objects just by the power of their thoughts. One of the most famous stories of ghost ships is the Flying Dutchman, which sailed in 1680 from Amsterdam to Dutch East India under Hendrick Vanderdecken.When the captain ignored the danger warnings of a storm, his ship was smashed and the crew was lost.
Ghosts
- assimilate 6. relic
- cremation 7. rite
- domesticate 8. ritually
- folklore 9. saga
- fossilize 10. vestige
- amend 6. discriminate
- counter 9. paradigm
- de facto 10. prejudiced
- curriculum 6. parochial
- distinctly 7. rigor
- erudite 8. roster
- fortify 9. secular
- implicitly 10. suspend
- distinctly adv. Clearly
Based on the oral legends about the fire, researchers es- timate that about half of the townspeople died in the blaze. This is the first evidence of sea travel by prehistoric humans.The sagaof this water passing survives in modern-day aboriginal folklore.To put this in perspective, remember that 50,000 years ago, humans were nomadic. Worldly rather than spiritual; not related to religion Few private schools in the United States are secular.
TOEFL Prep II Choose the word from the list that is closest in meaning to the underlined part of each sentence.Write it in the blank. According to information in the reading, which of the following sen- tences would the author be most likely to agree with.
Expertise
- allegiance 6. in the trenches
- artillery 7. mobilize
- hierarchy 10. strategic
- allegiance n. Loyalty
- cease v. Stop
- collapse 8. resist
- conquest 9. severely
- devise 10. violation
- chronologically 6. diminish
- coincide 7. longitude
- consequence 8. milieu
- deny 10. reconciliation
Usage tips Creates an image of soldiers fighting in a long, dug-out place in the battlefield. TOEFL Prep I Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the opposite of each word or phrase in the left-hand column.Write the letter in the blank. Destruction of the enemy’s radar defenses was rated very high in the plan of attack.
TOEFL Prep I Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to each word in the left-hand column. The Roman conquest of North Africa is, in the prevailing view, less interesting than Rome’s European adventures.
History
- allocate 6. net
- commodity 7. per capita
- decline 8. regulate
- inflation 10. tangible
- accumulate 6. nobility
- affluence 7. prestige
- elite 8. privileged
- impoverish 9. prosper
- luxury 10. working class
- acquire 6. lease
- assess 7. liability
- hazardous 9. safeguard
- jointly 10. sole
- hazardous adj. Dangerous
- sole adj. Only
- compensate 6. industrious
- dynamic 7. marginal
- enterprising 8. merit
- exploit 9. promote
- incentive 10. resign
People with low-paying (often unskilled) jobs who are not poor but who are not securely in the middle class. TOEFL Prep II Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word or phrase from the list. The United States is not the land of equal opportunity.There are no titles of nobility as in Europe, but astounding affluence is passed on in privilegedfamilies, and this makes all the difference.Studies in the 1970sfound that a child of the eliteand a child of the working class may start out with similar intelligence and drive, but the rich child is about 30 times more likely to prosper.The rich child goes to high-prestigeschools, where his or her education may be only slightly above average, but where the child accumulatesfriendships with future leaders.
The privileged child becomes comfortable with luxuryand is at ease in situations where powerful people meet.The working-class child from a less-prestigious college is not likely to wind up impoverished,but neither is he or she likely to attend many parties of Yale or Vassar alumni. TOEFL Prep I Find the word that is closest in meaning to each word in the left-hand column.
Employment
- distill 6. merchant
- entrepreneurial 7. proportionately
- extract 8. prototype
- intrepid 10. shuttle
- intrepid adj. Fearless
- advocate 6. contest
- authority 7. election
- bitterly 8. inaugurate
- candidate 9. policy
- coalition 10. poll
Many engineers of the 1970s made great computers, but only a few were entrepreneurialenough to see the business possibilities in the new machines. One early (reward / prototype) of the computer was called ENIAC and was as big as an average-sized laboratory. Dave Roper, who narrowly lost the mayor’s race,contestedthe re- sults, demanding a recount of the votes.
TOEFL Prep I Find the phrase that best describes each word in the left-hand column. The Democrats favored this because otherwise the head of the Senate, Republican Thomas Ferry, would probably have been allowed to declare the winner.
Politics
- allegedly 7. peer
- convict 9. verdict
- guilty 10. witness
- apprehend 6. implicate
- ascertain 7. inquiry
- bureaucratic 8. intrusively
- condemn 9. seize
- evidence 10. surveillance
- apprehend v. To capture
TOEFL Prep I Find the word or phrase that is closest in mean- ing to each word in the left-hand column. The most likely (suspect / witness) in the murder was the victim’s brother, but no one actually saw the crime. Federal agents can seizeprivate homes and other property possibly used in the production or sale of illegal drugs.
TOEFL Prep II Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word from the list. Property taken under this law may be sold for a profit later by the law-enforcement officials involved in the raid.
The Police
- analyze 6. inference
- assail 7. objectively
- contrary 8. suspicious
- hypothesize 9. tolerate
- impair 10. versus
- contrary adj. Opposite
- versus prep. Against
- bribery 6. integrity
- cynically 7. prevalent
- grotesque 10. unmask
- abduction 6. intentionally
- detain 8. predicament
- deviant 9. smuggle
- distort 10. villainy
- abduction n. Kidnapping
- addictive 6. misconception
- concentrated 8. potent
- interdict 9. residual
- juxtapose 10. subtly
- ancestral 6. legitimate
- cohesion 7. paternal
- descendant 8. proximity
- inheritance 9. sentiment
- kin n. Relatives
- proximity n. Nearness
- affection 6. exclusive
- associate 7. fluctuate
- clique 9. solidarity
- confide 10. willing
Employees of the Roadways Department cynicallyreferred to their boss as “the banker” because he took so many bribes. Usage tips Erodecan be intransitive (the beach eroded) or transitive (the waves eroded the beach). Illegal addictive drugs, like heroin or cocaine, come from plants grown and harvested mostly by poor farmers.Their small farmhouses juxtaposed with the mansions of billionaire drug lords illustrate the unequal payouts to various players in the drug trade.The farmers sell their.
Friendship
- complex 6. loyal
- despondent 7. passion
- devotion 8. proliferation
- dilemma 9. reciprocity
- engender 10. vanish
- loyal adj. Faithful
They look for other young people to bond with when their parents don’t seem to “understand.” Teens going through the various crises of adolescence can more easily confidein others their own age, with whom they have more in common.Teen cliques are by no means exclusive; membership can fluctuateon an almost daily basis, but the important thing is that group members feel a sense of solidarityand are willingto stick together. An increase in the number of something and in the number of places it can be found. TOEFL Prep II Choose the word from the list that is closest in meaning to the underlined part of each sentence.
Passion can engenderblind devotionfor a lover or plunge a person into despondent misery if he or she feels a lack of reciprocity in the relationship. According to the reading, why are there so many books and other works about passion.
Passion
- antipathy 6. humiliation
- arrogantly 7. obnoxious
- contemptuous 9. stigmatize
- despise 10. vitriolic
- adolescent 6. hedonistic
- cause 7. hypocritically
- conflict 8. manipulation
- delinquency 9. rebel
- fringe 10. status quo
- abstract 6. intrinsic
- context 7. perspective
- depict 8. portrayal
- dimension 9. realism
- esthetically 10. spectrum
Usage tips You can only berate someone directly—only when he or she can hear you. Edge; in social contexts, parts of society that look or act very different from most people. Usage tips The preposition inoften comes before context,and an of phrase often comes after it.
Michelangelo’s painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel depicts nine scenes from the Bible. In a way that relates to beauty or appearance The outside of the office building is estheticallypleasing, but the in- side is dark and unpleasant.
