These specimens retain the dark cross-bands on the back of the juvenile, which usually disappear around the length reached by the larger specimen. However, Talaraeel has two small teeth in the midline far back on the roof of the mouth, which are absent in other specimens. Body with wrinkled skin, compressed, its thickness and its vent a little less than three-fourths of its depth in the same place; tail more strongly compressed, becoming strongly compressed and broadly fringed; length of anterior opening equal to length of rest of body; head deep, rather compressed, its width just before pin opening equal to half the depth of same spot, its length before gill opening 6.4 in total length and 3.25 in length before opening.
Origin of the back well in front of the gill slit, the distance from the tip of the snout 4.1 in length in front of the vent, 9.4 in total length. Origin of the dorsal slightly anterior to the gill slit, the distance from the tip of the snout 4.2 in length in front of the vent, 8.2 in total length. Origin of the back far in front of the gill slit, the distance from the tip of the snout 4.9 in length in front to the vent, 9.6 in total length.
Some other differences consisting of proportions such as body depth and length of pelvic fins may be. Based on this study, it seems advisable to keep Nematopiisan and longipes as separate species. 1899, p. 189) stated that longipes differs from Nematopus in having a greater number of dorsal rays and a smaller number of ventral rays. Body rather deep, compressed, dorsal outline more strongly convex than ventral; snout a little longer than eye; eye 4.0 in head measured to top of eye spine; interorbital 4.0; slanted mouth; protruding lower jaw; maxilla extends just beyond the middle of the eye, its greatest width equal to two-thirds of the diameter of the eye; tongue with considerable patch of granular teeth; upper cheek in front with small canine teeth; lower jaw with similar teeth in front and lat-.
It shows traces of three radiating dark lines behind the eye, each line about as wide as the pupil, a dark spot between the eyes extending to the muzzle, and a dark line in front of the eye running at the tip of the lower jaw."
NO. 10 FISHES FROM PERU HILDEBRAND AND BARTON 1 5
Body short and deep, moderately compressed, ventral contour anteriorly more strongly convex than dorsally; caudal stalk short and deep, 2.8 in head; snout only about half length of eye, 4.35 in head; eye extremely large, 2.25; interorbital 4.3; mouth strongly oblique; the lower jaw protrudes prominently, entering the general dorsal outline of the head; maxillary nearly wide aspupil, not reaching quite vertical from anterior edge of pupil, 1.85 in head; teeth in jaws invilliform bands, some of the outer ones in the anterior part of each jaw slightly enlarged, also present in villiform bands onvomer and palatines; preorbital bone hardly half pupil width, rather finely serrated above and below; supraorbital ridge finely serrated;. Color uniformly pale gray, scarcely paler below than above; fins uniformly pale except for dark tips or edges on the soft parts of dorsalanal and cauda and ventral. 10 FISHES FROM PERU — HILDECRAND AND BARTON 17the two do not agree in the small number of gill rakers present, the two do not agree in the small number of gill rakers present, in which this species seems to differ from congeners.
It is close to P.alius, of the West Indies and the Atlantic coast of the United States, apparently differing chiefly in having 17 gill-rakers on the lower limb of the first starch, instead of 20asinP.alius. Body elongated, compressed; back raised anteriorly, descending rapidly posteriorly to first dorsal end; mouth small, inferior, with lower jaw; mouth with other prominent pores and fissures; parapercule with serrated membranous border; teeth in jaws irregular bands, some of them occasionally enlarged; gill setae short and rather few, about 8 to 12 on lower limb of first arch; scales rather small, ctenoid; dorsal soft part very long, with about 35 to 55 rays; anus small, with about 5 to 8 soft rays. Deep in body, very compact; congested head; snout sharp, not projecting beyond premaxillaries, 3.0 on head; eye 4.7; interorbital 3.7; mouth nearly horizontal; maxilla reaching about middle of eye, 2.6 on head; tip of lower jaw with a fleshy knob; posterior nostrilloval, anterior one somewhat triangular and smaller; wide bands of teeth in both jaws, the outer sides of the upper jaw widened; gillrakersveryshort,9exclusive of rudiments on lower limb of first arch; lateral line not distinct, rather strong; scales strongly ctenoid, extending to soft dorsal, caudal, andanal; dorsalfins barely continuous, dorsal with short spines, first with short spine, second and third high, third 1.8 in head; second dorsal very long and rather low; rounded tail; anal small, second spine enlarged, 2.2 in head; abdomen nearly as large as thorax, inserted almost below base of thorax, 1.6 in head; chest 1.7 to the head.
Color gray, crimson along the back, slightly lighter on the belly; all fins duskyatedges; snout, opercles and preopercles darker; four distinct, horizontal, dark lines, the first about one-third the width of the pupil, beginning below the middle of the first dorsal and running along the base of the fin to the middle of the soft dorsal; the second, about half the width of the pupil, begins about the length of the snout below the first dorsal dorsal spine and curves back to the base of the third posterior soft dorsal spine. third slightly wider, from posterior angle of eye to upper third of peduncular base; the fourth is somewhat narrower, starting a little behind the lower pectoral floor and extending back to the upper posterior anal hair. Body short and deep, well compressed, its ventral profile strongly convex in front, its dorsal profile slightly concave above eyes, steep dorsally; caudal peduncle short, strongly compressed, 1.6 in head; head short, deep; muzzle, 2.6; eyes small, 4.5; mouth small, terminal;. Color satin black; a white vertical line below the sixth dorsal spine, about as wide as the eye, terminating below the tips of the middle rays of the thorax.
This species, which is new to the fauna of Peru, is represented in the collection by one fine specimen, total length 220 mm. Body strongly compressed, wider than deep except at base of tail; head large, very strongly compressed, its depth only about half as wide and 3.0 in length; muzzle suppressed, triangular, large. General color brownish above, pale below; back with a dark transverse line at the base of the first ray of the second dorsal and another at the base of its posterior band; page with undefined dark spots and dots.
This apparently new species is represented in the collection by a single specimen, the holotype (U.S.N.M. no. mm). The differences between the three species as determined from descriptions and partly from the figure of S. Posterior rays of dorsal and anal extent are far from base of charge (according to the figure).
Body with a very narrow cross-line in brown, first first base of second dorsal ray and another at base of last ray, and with indefinite dark spots and punctations; the first on the back with a large black spot. Body moderately long, rather strongly compressed throughout, its thickness at the apex of the thorax, about the depth of the same place; head compressed, rather narrow and decidedly convex above, its margin of preopercle 6.0 deep and wide at same place 9.1 in standard length; snout slightly longer than eye, 4.1 in head; elongated eye, 5.4; interorbital narrow, convex, 8.0 in head; mouth mod-.
FISHES FROM PERU HILDEBRAND AND BARTON
Body rather elongate, compressed, tapering regularly and rather gradually to more or less point posteriorly; head lichen, somewhat compressed; snout without or without spine (present all Pacific coast species); mouthparts large and wide, almost horizontal; teeth in jaws in villiform bands, the outer ones in each jaw more or less enlarged, rather shorter and duller on vomer and palatines; gill rakers short and few; lateral line present at least anteriorly; scales very small, with many radiating striae extending forward on head to or beyond interorbital area; dorsal and anal fin continuous with caudal fin. 23i^scale220.' The body is moderately slender, compressed, its greatest thickness is approx. two-thirds of the depth; head long, low, slightly deeper than wide above margin of preopercle; snout, 4.8 in. head, with strong spine extending beyond premaxillaries; eye moderate, 5.0 in head; inter-orbital 5.0; mouth large, almost horizontal; mandible shorter than. Color uniformly dark brown, scarcely paler below than above; inside of gill cover pale; outer margin of dorsal fin black, baselighter with dark spots; caudal and anal fins blackish; ventral filaments pale.
To identify this fish, it was compared with the holotypes of all the species of the genus reported from the Pacific coast of America. The numerous dorsal rays, the very small scales, the rather high number of gill feeders, the very prominent rostral spine, the anterior origin of the dorsal, the uniform dark brown body and the black vertical fins characterize this species. Body elongated, considerably compressed; head compressed; snout without a spine; opercle with a strong spine; scales not in regular series and not imbricate (except in tireless, in which they are in fairly regular series and more or less imbricate), but partly or mostly at right angles to each other; dorsal and anal fins fully continuous with the tail.
The body is elongate, decidedly compressed, its greatest thickness about two-thirds the depth; head rather deep, compressed; snout somewhat pointed, no rostral spine, extending beyond premaxillaries, 5.7 in head; eyes slightly elongated, 3.4; The color is uniformly brown, but somewhat lighter on the chest and belly than elsewhere; many dark punctures can be seen on the body under magnification; dorsal anal fins with narrow dark margins extending around tail. 8In order to obtain an accurate enumeration of the rays, the skin was cut behind the base and near the base.
34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, III man, which is known from Panama Bay to the Galapagos Islands,
NO. 10 FISHES FROM PERU HILDEBRAND AND BARTON 35
LITERATURE CITED
