INTRODUCTION OF HYDROPONIC SYSTEM
Muhammad Fadhil Ridhallah (1227060052) B class
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University Sunan Gunung Djati
ABSTRACT
Hydroponics is a system of cultivating plants by utilizing water without using soil media and prioritizing meeting the nutritional needs of plants. The application of a hydroponic system is more efficient and effective in areas that have limited green space. Before using a hydroponic system, there needs to be a basic understanding of how to support cultivation activities using this system.
Many people are still unfamiliar with this hydroponic system and the various types of hydroponics.
For example, the types of hydroponics are deep water culture, gravel culture, sand culture, and others. The hydroponic system must also take into account factors such as nutrients, water, and temperature. This is an introduction to hydroponic systems. Hydroponic treatment should not go unnoticed because it can affect the end result of your own hydroponic plant cultivation product. For the general public, this technology will make it easier for people to obtain food for consumption at affordable prices.
Keyword : hydroponic, introduction
INTRODUCTION
Technological advancements continue to be made with the goal of assisting human activities in various sectors, such as agriculture. But there are still many farmers who still use conventional systems in farming, namely cultivating the land first and waiting for the rain to fall before planting.
Of course, this is not as effective an activity when compared between ancient and modern times as it is today.
The development of the country will go hand in hand with the need for food because it is the main need for every individual human being. It will be difficult for a country to develop if the food needs of its citizens cannot be met. Food shortages are very likely given how difficult it is to obtain land, so agricultural production cannot meet an area's needs.
In this modern era, farming no longer has to use land. Various farming methods can be used for those who want to pursue them. One of them is hydroponic farming. Hydroponics is a method of growing without soil media. When faced with the problems faced in the world related to food production, gardening with a hydroponic system offers a promising solution. In poor countries where the soil or climate is not friendly to agriculture, hydroponics offers an easy way to grow food crops.
Also, in areas where the soil has lost nutrients or fertile soil is hard to come by, hydroponics can be an ideal alternative to farming.
METHODS
The method used in writing this time is a literature study. The workings of this method are accomplished by collecting library data or conducting research whose research objects are explored through various information sources such as books, encyclopedias, documents, and scientific journals. This method is carried out by critically reviewing knowledge, ideas, or findings in academic- oriented literature and formulating theoretical and methodological contributions for certain topics.
DISCUSSION
HYDROPONIC DEFINITIONS
Hydroponics is taken from the Greek words hydro, which means water and ponos which means energy. Hydroponics is also known as "soilless culture," which means growing plants without soil. So hydroponic plants are plants that are grown using water without using soil as a planting medium. understanding hydroponic plants in general, namely plants grown by utilizing water without using soil media, but emphasizing meeting the nutritional needs of plants to be able to grow. So hydroponic plants are not planted in soil media but in other media such as red brick, rockwool, gravel, husk charcoal, and so on. Although we use water, the amount needed is only a small amount. The most important thing for hydroponic plants is the fulfillment of plant nutrients in solution form.
BENEFITS HYDROPONIC SYSTEM
(1) The success of plants in growing and producing is more guaranteed. (2) Treatment is more practical and pest disturbance is more controlled. (3) Fertilizer use is more efficient. (4) Dead plants are more easily replaced with new plants. (5) Does not necessitate a lot of manual labor because the work method is more cost-effective and standardized. (6) Plants can grow more rapidly and in conditions that are not dirty and damaged. (7) Production yields are more sustainable and higher than planting in the ground. (8) The selling price of hydroponic products is higher than the price of non-hydroponic products. (9) Some types of plants can be cultivated out of season. (10) There is no risk of flooding, erosion, drought, or dependence on natural conditions. (11) Hydroponic plants can be grown on limited land or space.
HYDROPONIC TYPE 1. Substrate System
The substrate system is a hydroponic system that uses a growing medium to help plant growth. a hydroponic method that does not use soil as a medium but uses media other than soil that can hold nutrients and water and provide oxygen to support plant functions as soil.
Sand Culture
Sand culture is the cultivation of plants in the media sand. The first commercial production of plant cultivation without soil was carried out using sand beds with irrigation pipes installed.
Currently, sand culture is being developed into a more attractive technology, especially in countries that have deserts. This technology is made by building a drainage system on the floor of the
greenhouse, then covering it with sand, which eventually becomes a permanent planting medium.
Furthermore, the plants are planted directly in the sand without using containers and are individually given drip irrigation.
GAMBAR 1 Sand Culture
Gravel Culture
Gravel culture is the hydroponic cultivation of plants that use gravel as a root-supporting medium. This method was very popular before World War 2. The elongated ponds used as beds are filled with gravel, periodically filled with a reusable nutrient solution, or irrigated using drip
irrigation. Plants grown on gravel get nutrients from the solution given. Even though this system is currently still in use, it has begun to be replaced by a cheaper and more efficient one.
GAMBAR 2 Gravel Culture
2. Water Culture
Water culture is the cultivation of plants that is by definition a true hydroponic system among the cultivation of plants without soil. In a water culture system, plant roots are submerged in a liquid medium that is a plant nutrient solution, while the upper part of the plant is supported by a thin inert medium layer that allows the plant to grow upright.
Drip system
This system uses a drip irrigation system to distribute nutrients to the root area through an irrigation hose using a dripper that is set on a timer. Pumice, roasted husks, zeolite, or cocopeat are acceptable planting media for this system since they provide a surface for the development of the plant's roots and support system. Containers are used to store hydroponic fertilizers.
According to a predetermined timetable, the pump set up in the container will balance the nutrients through the irrigation line. Each plant pot's drainage system is located at the bottom of the front, where it directs any nutrient liquid that is not absorbed back into the soil. The fertilizer container will receive this liquid once again. The timer may be programmed to go off every hour for 15 minutes.
GAMBAR 3 Drip System Ebb and Flow
In this system, the root area is flooded at a predetermined time to provide the nutritional solution. The nutrient solution is eventually transferred back to the fertilizer storage container. The plant roots will be submerged by the nutrient solution as it fills or floods the system up to the
predetermined overflow level. The overflow tube has to be positioned about 2 inches beneath the growth medium's top surface. The Ebb and Flow method has a flaw in that the plants do not receive a source of nutrients when there is an abrupt cessation of electricity for an extended period of time.
GAMBAR 4 Ebb and Flow Nutrient Film Technique
This machine uses a little stream of water to supply nutrients to the plant, ensuring that the roots come into touch with the nutrients as they flow. One to two centimeters are added to the water level. This method has the advantage of keeping the nutrition liquid in situ even after the electricity is turned off. The system is constructed in phases such that nutrient liquid is forced through the top pipe before flowing down the lower pipe and into the storage container for liquid fertilizer. This technique is usually preferred because plant roots use more oxygen from the air than from nutrient solutions. This is because the plants receive more oxygen because only the root tips are in contact with the fertilizer solution, so they grow and develop faster.
GAMBAR 5 NFT Deep water culture
Deep-water culture is often referred to as the reservoir method or the floating raft system.
The roots are submerged in a nutritional solution, making this procedure easy. In this system it is better to use an air pump for the aquarium to provide oxygen to the nutrient solution. Remember that with this system, the container should be covered to prevent sunlight from entering the system and causing algae to bloom. Large reservoirs are used as nutrient containers, and plants are floated in them utilizing floating materials.
This system is highly favored by novice hydroponic practitioners because it is easier to handle. However, even commercial hydroponic practitioners use this system on a large scale. This type is considered very cheap and easy to make. Even though the concept is simple, creativity is also required to create and use this system from various materials. The main advantage of using this system is that no pump is needed to pump nutrients, except for aeration. Using a pump for nutrients can cause clogging of the pump when using organic nutrients.
GAMBAR 6 Deep Water Culture Wick system
This wick system is the simplest hydroponic method. This system can use recycled materials such as bottles or cups used for beverage packaging as containers for nutrients. The plant gets the nutrients absorbed through the wick or flannel. The system is similar to a kerosene stove. This system is also often used by teachers in class as experimental material for students. The aim is to explain how plants grow and develop, as well as get students interested in hydroponics.
he wick is an important factor of this system since the plant cannot obtain the moisture and nutrients it requires without a competent fluid absorbent. A good wick, apart from being a good liquid absorber, is also not easily damaged by decay. The wick should be washed first with water to increase its ability to absorb nutrients. The number of axes is adjusted according to the size of the plant as it grows to ensure that the nutrients absorbed are sufficient to meet the needs of the plant.
The use of an air pump for this aeration system is not really needed. The roots will be able to get oxygen from the spaces in the system and also absorb oxygen directly from the nutrient fluids.
Making a floating raft system is advised if you want to employ an aerator.
GAMBAR 7 Wick System Aeroponics
Plants are grown without the need for soil in moist water (geoponic). The word aeroponics comes from the Greek words aero (air) and ponos (power). Aeroponic systems are different from conventional hydroponics. In this technique, plant roots are periodically sprayed with a nutrient solution that serves as a growing medium and contains vital minerals for plant growth. This technology is also regarded as a form of hydroponics because water is still required to transport nutrients. Spraying is carried out using a high-pressure pump to produce very fine air droplets through the sprinkler.
GAMBAR 8 Aeroponics
HYDROPONIC PROCEDURES
Prepare a location
The difference between hydroponic and conventional systems is that the planting medium used is hydroponic, which is not soil, so that in the land preparation stage there is no need for tillage What is done in location preparation activities is prepare a location for hydroponic activities to be carried out, such as making hydroponic kits and greenhouses. On a smaller scale, it might be carried out in the home's yard.
Container preparation
The following step is to get a planting pot ready. Hydroponic planting containers can use plastic bags/polybags, plastic cups, buckets, etc. The planting container functions as a place to enter the planting medium used as a place for plant growth.
Prepare the planting medium
The planting media used in hydroponics can including from industrial products to
agricultural waste. In a hydroponic system, the planting media serves as a substitute for soil. The planting medium is made of a substance that meets the requirements of being able to provide and store nutrients, retain moisture, and have adequate drainage so that the water and nutritional requirements of plants may be satisfied. The types of planting media commonly used are husk charcoal, sawdust, gravel, bricks, cotton, rockwool, sand, etc.
Seeding
After all the preliminary steps have been taken, seeding is carried out so that planting may begin right away as seeding is complete.
Planting seeds
After on tillage and sowing the seeds has been done, the next step that must be done is to plant the seeds The planting of seeds will be carried out in planting containers that have been perforated. Planting of seedlings occurs once the seedlings are deemed strong enough to be moved to the planting location When transferring the seeds to the planting location, try not to damage the roots of the plants. This aims to protect the young roots from damage. The thing that needs to be done to avoid this is that the seeds must be removed or followed by the planting medium. Planting seeds should be done in the afternoon, when the sun is no longer so intense. After all of the seeds have been planted, the ground has to be well watered. The seeds will often temporarily wilt after being planted, which lasts for two to three days. This is normal and will not interfere with plant growth unless there is damage to the roots or stems.
Providing nutrition
One of the key elements that makes a hydroponic system successful is nutrition.The nutrients for plants are grouped into macronutrients and micronutrients. Macroelements are substances that must be present in enormous amounts for plants. A number of macronutrients needed by plants are N, P, K, Mg and S. While micro nutrients are nutrients needed by plants in small amounts A number of micro-nutrients needed by plants are Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo and Cl. Both types of elements support each other and are needed by plants. The components plants require are
deficient if one is absent. The advantage of the hydroponic system is that the provision of plant nutrient solutions can be carried out simultaneously with irrigation. Because most solutions on the market are designed to be diluted before use. Mixing this nutrient solution requires special skills so that plants can grow well.
Maintenance
Hydroponics requires careful maintenance. Watering and nutrient solution watering are the first steps in maintaining hydroponic plants and are done 5-8 times per day. Watering is usually done using a timer, so it doesn't require extra effort in the process.
The next step is tying or staking. Plants need to be staked after one week. Ajir can be used as a handle or vine to help plants grow vertically.
Third, there is the selection of production stems. In plants such as chili or paprika, one or two production branches are selected and allowed to grow as the main stem.
The fourth is pruning. Leaves that are found between the armpits of the leaves are removed every two days. When planting cucumbers, the tendrils that grow at the top of the cucumber plant are cut about 2 cm from the growing point.
Fifth, eradicate plant pests that are attacked by pests, such as aphids and fruit caterpillars, by spraying insecticides. According to the required dose. And the last is harvesting, which is done by using scissors, cutters, or other sharp cutters. Harvesting is done by cutting and including some of the stalks attached to the fruit heads. This is done because the planting medium used is not soil, so care needs to be taken so that the bond strength between plant roots and plant stems and the planting medium remains stable
Factors
Implementing a hydroponic system successfully requires paying attention to several important factors. There are several factors that need to be considered in hydroponic vegetable cultivation, namely nutrients, growing medium, oxygen, and water. Regular provision of nutrient solutions is very important in hydroponics because the medium only functions as a support for the plant and a means of transferring excess solution or water Fungicide salts are dissolved in water to create nutrient solutions. Various types of fertilizer salts can be used for nutrient solutions; the selection is usually based on the price and solubility of the fertilizer salts. The growth and development of plants are significantly influenced by the type of planting media utilized. Good media keeps nutrients available, moisture is guaranteed, and drainage is good. The media used must provide air, nutrients, and oxygen and not contain substances that are toxic to plants. The presence of oxygen in a hydroponic system is very important. Low oxygen causes the permeability of cell membranes to decrease, so that the walls are increasingly difficult to penetrate and, as a result, the plants will lack air. This can explain why the plant will be placed in a flooded soil condition. Water has a fairly strong influence on hydroponic plants. Water quality that is good and usable must also be taken into account. The water that can be used must comply with the salinity level, which does not exceed 2500 ppm and does not contain large amounts of heavy metals because they can poison plants.
CONCLUSION
An introduction to the hydroponic system is needed to increase public understanding of the hydroponic system. because the community will benefit a lot from the hydroponic system if they are able to make and use it. But before doing so, the community must first understand the theory before putting it into practice to prevent crop failure. In addition, it is believed that the community will be able to understand this hydroponic system so that later they can practice it independently and harvest the products they have worked on.
Bibliography
Cahya, P. (2017). Makalah Hidroponik. 1-21.
Frasetya, B. (2019). BERTANAM SELADA HIDROPONIK KONSEP DAN APLIKASI. BANDUNG: UINSGD.
Roidah, I. S. (2014). Pemanfaatan Lahan Dengan Menggunakan Sistem Hidroponik. 43-50.
Suprabhani, T. E. (2019, Oktober 22). Retrieved Oktober 21, 2022, from cybex.pertanian.go.id:
http://cybex.pertanian.go.id/mobile/artikel/76455/Pengertian-Tanaman-Hidroponik-Jenis-Jenisnya- dan-Cara-Pembudidayaannya/
Trina, T., & Rumengan, I. (2018). Hidroponik untuk Pemula. Manado: LLPM UNSRAT.
Tulniza, F. (2017). PENERAPAN SISTEM HIDROPONIK DALAM BUDIDAYA SAYURAN. 1-14.
Waluyo, M. R., Nurfajriah, Mariati, F. R., & Rohman, Q. A. (2021). Pemanfaatan Hidroponik Sebagai Sarana Pemanfaatan Lahan.
