For the nature of the relationship to be analyzed, if any, between reverse innovation and lean innovation in IVM business. Despite this claim, it is undeniable that both frugal innovation and reverse innovation together constitute a phenomenon. The subsequent section concentrates on the hypothesis of frugal innovation and reverse innovation after analyzing the breadth of resource-constrained innovation categories.
As Simula, Hossain and Halme (2015) say, Reverse Innovation challenges the traditional view of the innovation process. However, Von Zedtwitz, et al., (2015) believe that this market-based understanding of Reverse Innovation is rather limited.
Frugal Innovation and Reverse Innovation: Implementation in Firms
2015) there are four so-called 'ingredients' of Reverse Innovation that also make it possible to better understand its nature; Second, some products designed in and for emerging markets are becoming superior to other products elsewhere. Third, the process of product development no longer takes place exclusively in developed countries.
Fourth, companies in emerging markets not only develop products, they also develop new products. Von Zedtwitz, et al., (2015) also points out that there are different streams of global reverse innovation. Since then, its advanced version has been sold all over the world, including the US and Europe, as the device proved to be of great value as it is both cheap and portable.
The device is still used in medical offices that are too small for large stationary machines (Immelt, Govindarajan, & Trimble, 2009). This framework is a clear indication that reverse innovation has nothing to do with reverse engineering, the main purpose being that a developing economy can usually conduct local research and development more efficiently and at lower cost than multinational companies based thousands of miles away. One of the few scholars who has openly suggested that resource-constrained innovation is an expansion technique in MNCs, as the focus of this study, is Dellermann (2017).
Reverse Innovation and Frugal Innovation; Governance, Sustainability, and the Environment
The globalization of communication, with products or innovations that "go viral" is a perfect example of the power of e-WOM, but is also responsible for companies that fail, when they did not understand when the actual prominence of their innovation was not they are not seized. . Environmental authorities will be required faster, which will fuel the frugal innovation needed for sustainable development on the other hand to enforce the guidelines of the environment that have been made stricter. For example, a study of the detoxification of seawater in the Arabian Gulf conducted by Barau and Al Hosani (2015), which suggests that "the industry's network of stakeholders can develop good ideas to promote sustainability using innovative tools" (Barau and Al) Hosani, 2015, p. 145), indicating the need for frugal innovation in an industry far removed from the area where IVM operates.
In addition to evaluating a research project, a theoretical framework can also be used to update and assist in the understanding and study of research information. A theoretical framework that is sound can guide and direct the study and can advance the development of the study and improve the researcher's understanding and clarity of the research topics. In this study, the literature review and contextual background provided an awareness of the scope, contingencies, and styles within the literature on lean innovation and reverse innovation, and resource-constrained innovation in general.
In terms of the theoretical framework used in defining and/or clarifying the research purpose and focus, and in light of the associated background of this study and the literature review, a number of key words or key terms emerged. Each level has its own perception of drivers and barriers, and part of the analysis examines how compatible these perceptions are with each other. Turning to the meso level, this constitutes the sector or industry or even the economy under study.
Specifically, the investigation and development of understanding of the industry - which in the situation of the present study includes manufacturing, ceramic tiles, sanitary ware, water heaters and related sectors in Nigeria - will provide insight into the perception and attitudes of decision makers within the industry and its related sectors versus frugal innovation and reverse innovation in particular, and resource-constrained innovation in general.
MACRO
These three levels were maintained throughout the data collection process and subsequent analysis. At the macro level, Hofstede's (1981) cultural dimensions theoretical framework provides a theoretical basis for examining, attempting to measure and analyzing data on the impact of state culture on innovation in an economically developing country such as Nigeria. This is especially important because the literature shows that decision makers and innovators who view resource constraints as barriers are less likely to be expected to realize the potential benefits available through Frugal Innovation and Reverse Innovation than those who ignore such constraints. see as opportunities to create competitive advantage.
To explore the attitudes and experiences of decision makers within the West African manufacturing sector towards Frugal Innovation and Reverse Innovation, in particular how they view the potential risks and benefits (their companies' risk criteria).
MESO
MICRO
- Research Methodological Philosophy and Approach
- The Case Study
- Data collection
- Company background
First, the attitudes of the emerging market industry, in this case the Nigerian manufacturing sector, to macro-level drivers in economically developed markets (such as austerity policies and outcomes in economically developed countries, such as the income split between consumers in emerging and developed markets). This organizational level of the present study's conceptual framework is based on both Crossan Apaydin's (2009) framework and Simula, Hossain and Halme's (2015) model. In the rationale that follows, each level of the research process identified in Figure 6 is examined, this research examined as part of this study, with a comparison of the options which clearly shows why one was chosen over another.
It has been proven that positivism is related to the empiricist's opinion that knowledge originates from people's experiences. Because of the wide impact of Lean Innovation and Reverse Innovation, the case study examines three distinct areas of the organization. The meso level which is the next section discussed includes the senior level directors of the manufacturing division within Innoson Vehicles and Motors.
Furthermore, a single case study allows the researcher to achieve a complete and deeper understanding of the topic, while allowing the researcher to question and explore other theories related to the topic. This should provide a reasonable cross-section of the Innoson Vehicles and Motors (IVM) management structure. Data for this research were collected in three sets of interviews at the Macro, Meso and Micro levels of the company structure (see Section 4) and examination of the discussion transcripts was carried out with the help of NVivo 11 software.
In the case of IVM, there have also allegedly been some cases of "passing", where an inferior product is promoted by importers as being "as good as" the original, with the implication that it is manufactured in an overseas subsidiary of the original product (IVM , 2017a). The second part of the section is dedicated to presenting the results and drawing some initial conclusions. As these are the regions that have seen increased investment in infrastructure, this is a logical extension of the “Vision 2020” strategy (Federal Government of Nigeria 2017) and has been at least in part due to the increase in the product range of vehicle assembly as well as to the innovations in vehicle production (IVM, 2017a).
Theoretical Drivers
Conceptual Names
- Data Structure
- Data Analyzing
- Results and Findings
- Reverse Innovation and Frugal Innovation defined by the Interviewees
- Analysis of the findings at the Macro Level
- Analysis of the findings at the Meso Level
- Analysis of the findings at the Micro Level
- Assumptions from the data
- The Relationship between Frugal Innovation and Reverse Innovation at IVM Examining the nature of the relationship, if any, between Frugal and Reverse Innovation in
- Research Aim revisited
- Research Objectives reflection
- Answers to Research Questions
- Research Contributions
- Direct Contributions
- Summary
During the interview process, the participants were asked questions designed to ensure that reverse and frugal innovation concepts were generally consistent with the accepted definitions of the terms. So of the meanings of the terminologies as mentioned by the contributors, they were nevertheless largely perfect and concise besides being correct, even if at first there seemed to be some misunderstanding at the Macro level between the terms "Reverse Engineering " and " Reverse innovation". The complete answers to the questions at this stage (see Section 5.5.2), favorably revealed that these managers were in fact well aware of the difference.
Socio-Economic Factors • Recognized by senior leaders as one of the driving factors in Nigeria. After completing the performance and evaluation of the information received from the macro levels of management in IVM, the discussion will now move to "middle management". This was particularly useful here because of the very obvious difference in the order of relative importance between these two levels.
The final set of interviews was with the micro-level of management - those directly involved in the production, promotion, sales and development of IVM's products. Although "its role in the development and coordination of the market is inalienable" (Tohidi and Jabbari, 2012, p. 535), it has long been expressed that innovation is important for the development of the market (Drucker, 2015). After a general discussion of the answers to the two research questions, the chapter ended with a summary of all the above points.
This effectively outlines the first contribution of the research - it has raised the level of awareness of the meaning of reverse innovation in the Nigerian framework, and provided a culturally sensitive definition that should be of use to other parts of the Nigerian industry. Another contribution of the research is that it has shown that even a large company that already sells products around the world can benefit from Reverse Innovation and Lean Innovation - the management at IVM are among the first in the kingdom to use these methods used, and since the introduction of Reverse Innovation and Lean Innovation, the water heater division has grown strongly. This made it possible to identify the contributions of the research, both general and specific.
