Rather, Munday defines the "translation process" as involving "the translator changing an original written text (the source text or ST) in the original verbal language (the source language or SL) into a written text (the target text or TT) in another verbal language (the target language or TL) ‖.8.This study was a descriptive study using the content analysis technique.The purpose of this study was Agatha Christie's N or M.
Research Methodology 1. Research Design
Data Sources
The data source used by the author to conduct the research is the data obtained from the novel Monsieur Lecoq by Emile Gaboriau and its translation by Lylian published by Visimedia in South Jakarta. The data are category shifts that occur in Monsieur Lecoq and its translation, especially in the direct speech.
Technique of Data Collection
Data Analysis
Organization Of The Thesis
Translation Shift
- The Definition of Translation
- The Process of Translation
- Types of Translation
- Level of Translation Shift
- Category of Translation Shifts
- Analytical Construct
The translation process is the act of translating the expression into speech or written text. Class Shift Following Halliday, we define a class as “that group of members of a given unit defined by operations in the structure of the unit.” That woman 'doubts' in Indonesian and is 'wanita itu' ragu-ragu. In the sentence above, 'in doubt' is a noun, while ragu-ragu in Indonesian is a verb.
Unit shifts are changes of rank, ie deviations from formal correspondence in which the translation equivalent of a unit at one rank in the SL is a unit at another rank in the TL.27 For example below. Your good friend‖ translated into Indonesian as ―temanmu yang baik.‖ In the sentences above, ―your good friend‖ is a phrase form, while. In the source language word ―daughter‖ is translated into phrase ―anak perempuan‖ in the target language.
In the source language, a clause ―I can't wait‖ is translated into a phrase ―tak bisa penguma.‖ The higher level (clause) becomes the lower level (Phrase). Displacement within the system according to Catford is a departure from correspondence in which (a term acting on) a system in SL has as its translation equivalent (a term acting on) a different - non-corresponding - system in TL.29 For example below.
Novel
The Definition of the Novel
Types of the Novel
The Bildungsroman is now commonly used in English to denote that kind of novel which concentrates on one character's development from early youth to some kind of adulthood. The novel à clef is the kind of novel that can be 'unlocked' given the right. The novel-fleuve refers to a series of series of novels that can be read and appreciated individually, but which deal with recurring characters and/or common events and which form a series or complement each other.
A Roman feuilleton is a novel that is published in sections in an unabridged form by a daily newspaper. The Noveau novel is a relatively recent development emerging from France in which accepted conventions of fictional composition are deliberately distorted or flouted in order to confuse the reader and achieve a different effect. Metafiction is literally fiction about fiction—usually denoting a type of novel or short story that deliberately breaks fictional illusions and directly comments on its own fictional nature or the process of its construction.
Monsieur Lecoq
The method of publication is uncommon today, but was more common in the nineteenth century. The character is one of the pioneers of the genre and a major influence on Sherlock Holmes (who calls himself ―a miserable bungler‖ in A study in Scarlet) who lays the foundation for the methodical, scientifically minded detective. In the person of armchair detective Tabaret, nicknamed Pere Tireauclair, (lit. Father Bringer of Light, or ―Old man Brings-to-light‖), a title Lecoq himself would eventually inherit, Gaboriau also has an older mentor created for Lecoq who, like Mycroft Holmes and Nero Wolfe, helps the hero solve particularly challenging puzzles while remaining largely physically inactive.
An inspiration for the character of Monsieur Lecoq came from a certain Eugene Francois Vidocq, a real-life criminal who later became a policeman and eventually the first director of Surete.
Direct Speech
Finding
In this chapter, the writer wants to clearly and briefly explain the category shifts from Mr. Lecoq's data. From the table above, the researcher used the category change in the direct speech of the Roman Monsieur Lecoq. Before the second number, the change of class occurs 80 times in Monsieur Lecoq's direct speech.
Discussion
The Types of Category Shift on the Direct Speech of Monsieur Lecoq Novel Translation
Class shifting occurs because the first class in the source language cannot be well understood in the target language. If the grammatical system of the source language is applied to the target language in the expression of our guests, their meaning becomes kita tamu-tamu. If the grammatical system of the source language is applied in the target language to the expression Mother Chupin's pub, their meaning becomes Madame Chupin minum kedai.
The words very good!, in the target language the modifier very changes its position after good. The words military coat, In the target language, the modifier modifies military position after coat. The class change in Monsieur Lecoq occurs in the different class between the source language and the target language.
Class Shift Occurs from Noun Class into Verb Class
If the writer uses the noun class, the expression of the whole sentence changes as well. The writer chooses the verb class so that the meaning becomes more attractive to the readers. If the writer uses the noun class in the target language, the morpheme must be added to the word menyamar in Indonesian.
Class Shift Occurs from Verb Class into Noun Class
If the writer uses verb class in the target language, the word kabut is changed to menyelimuti or mepupi.
Class Shift Occurs from Adverb Class into Adjective Class
If the writer uses adverb class in the target language, the word cepat is added only with the word dengan in the target language. In the second place, how does it happen, if you own such clothes as you describe, that you are so poorly dressed?" (p. If the author uses adverb class in the target language, the word buruk is only added to the word. dengan in the target language.
Class Shift Occurs from Adjective Class into Noun Class or Conversely
In the novel Monsieur Lecoq, an intra-systemic shift occurs when the word system in the source language becomes singular when the system in the target language becomes plural. Tingginya sekitar lima kaki lima inchi, dan bagi seorang laki-laki untuk bisa bedumani di sana, tinggi badanya attnada haruslah enam kaki.” (p. 60). We should know that it could only have been deposited with Madame Milner by an accomplice, and that all its contents must have been bought for the occasion.” (p. 204).
Dan jika kamu menemukan sesuatu yang belum kulihat, aku akan mengizinkanmu membelikanku kacamata.” (hal.9). Dia tinggi dan kekar, dengan pipi penuh kemerahan, janggut putih, mata kecil, hidung pesek dan lebar, serta wataknya yang baik dan ceria." (hlm. 124).
Intra-System Shift Occurs when the Determiner of Plural Precede the Noun
Jika istilah tersebut digunakan dalam bahasa aslinya, arti enam kaki menjadi enam kaki-kaki. Jika istilah tersebut digunakan dalam bahasa aslinya, maka arti sepuluh menit menjadi sepuluh menit. TL = ―..dan tindakannya mengunci diri di kamar selama berbulan-bulan adalah untuk menyembunyikan kebenaran?” (hal. 499).
If the expression is used in the source language, the meaning of ten minutes will be belangi bulan-bulan.
Intra-System Shift Occurs when Noun as in the Generic Reference
If the isi word is used as in the source language, the meaning of it becomes isi-isi. If the kaaltahku word is used as in the source language, the meaning of it becomes kaaltah-kesalahanku. If the perintah word is used as in the source language, the meaning of it becomes perintah-perintah saya.
A shift within the system occurs when there is a difference in the concept of plural in certain words.
Intra-System Shift Occurs when There is the Difference of Plurality Concept in the Certain Words
Pergeseran sistem terjadi ketika terdapat perbedaan konsep pluralitas pada kata-kata tertentu. SL = “Dia tinggi dan kokoh, dengan pipi penuh kemerahan, janggut putih, mata kecil, hidung pesek, lebar, dan karakter ramah dan periang.” (hal. 124). Jika kata mata diterapkan seperti dalam sistem bahasa sumber, maka maknanya menjadi mata-mata.
Dalam novel Monsieur Lecoq, pergeseran kesatuan terjadi pada kalimat, klausa, frasa, dan kata tuturan langsung. Misalnya, ketika Anda mendengar Baroness de Watchau meninggal dan seluruh harta miliknya telah dijual, apa yang Anda lakukan?" (hlm. 204). Sudah dijual, apa yang Anda lakukan?" (hal.506) .
Downward Unit Shift
I agree with him in thinking that young detectives are often overzealous and run after phantoms that originate in their own brains. I hesitated. If the word jatut is used as in the source language system, its meaning becomes jatut turun.
Saya setuju dengan pemikirannya bahwa detektif muda sering kali terlalu bersemangat dan mengikuti hantu yang berasal dari otak mereka.” (hal.271). Jika kata kejar-kejaran diterapkan seperti dalam sistem bahasa sumber, maka maknanya menjadi lari. Mereka pindah ke peringkat klausa dalam ekspresi Tapi saya ragu-ragu dan dia melanjutkan.
Upward Unit Shift
The expression of You tried very hard, I do not deny it; but as to all endeavors — that is quite another thing, the clause rank. They shift to sentence rank in the expression Kau mengaba dengan vasant-mengang, aku takkan menyangkal hal itu. The detail is the downward unit shift amounts to 253 objects and the upward unit shift amounts to 188 objects.
Unit shift concerns about rank shift (sentence, sentence, phrase, word, morpheme) morpheme. It is included with the word class known as part of speech. class switching occurs 80 times in Monsieur Lecoq. It happens because the class word in English and Indonesian are almost the same class in all texts.
Conclusion
Its purpose is to clarify meaning by changing the position of words in a language. The class shift shows that the class of words can be changed and ensures that the translation is varied and not monotonous to read.
Suggestion