This chapter explains several topics related to the introduction of the study. The topics will discuss the background of the study, research problems, the objective of the study, the significance of the study, the scope, and limitation of the study, and the definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the study
Language is an important part of communication. Language is a system or media for spoken (communicate), physical signs, or written symbolism for human beings, as a part of a social group and participants in its culture, express themselves. According to Verderber (1999, p. 52), language is the body of words and the system for their use in communicating that are common to the people of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural tradition. In Indonesia, English is a foreign language and English has its place as one of the subjects in school from the beginner level such as elementary school to the advanced level (expert) such as university level.
In English, four main skills such as listening, speaking, writing, and reading should be mastered. For some people especially in Indonesia, the basic thing they want to know about English is how to speak English, communicate using English, and Grammar. Nowadays, learning English is not just how to speak or understand the meaning of something, you need to add your knowledge about English itself by learning grammar or learning how to write something. Based on
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the global trend of internationalization, the ability to communicate in English is needed as an essential skill. As a result, speaking is the most important skill among other skills because people who know English tend to use it in speaking as stated by Ur (1991). This shows that the use of English is more important than just knowing about it because it can be useless when they know a lot about the language, but cannot use it in communication.
However, it is not an easy thing to learn English for people with English as a foreign language, especially in speaking skills. Many people find it difficult to be able to speak fluently or freely. They have to know the rhythm when they are speaking, pronounce each word correctly, and be able to arrange or manage understandable words together. On the other hand, they also have to recognize what they want to say to someone who speaks with them uses good sentences, and responds with correct expressions. It makes learning to speak is not easy things to do.
Usually, some students face difficulties in speaking English. The difficulties are faced by the students because they are not familiar with speaking English. They have a limited chance to communicate in English because the environment doesn’t support them in training their speaking skills and only a few people mastered it. According to Pinter (2006), the biggest challenge in learning English is having the ability to speak fluently, correctly, and intelligibly. Each student has his strategies to solve those problems in learning each skill of English, especially in learning speaking skills.
At this time, social media become very famous around the world. There is an amount of information that we have from the internet or social media such as
news, entertainment, and even learning from the internet, especially in this pandemic era. So many social media platforms accommodate students to learn, especially learning English. Social media such as YouTube, Instagram, and Twitter contain many content creators or a person individually who give us the materials or content to learn English.
There are several brief reviews of previous studies. The first previous study is by Tubagus, (2019). This research aims to examine the use of social media in English language learning by the students of the English Study Program at Jambi University. This study applied an exploratory study to investigate the use of social media for English language learning. The second study was titled
“Improving English speaking skills of EFL class by using video Blogs on Social Media” by Yulima, (2021). This research aims to investigate the improvement of English speaking skills in first-year students by using video blogs on social media.
The next study was by students of the Department of English, College of Languages and Translation, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia, and the Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen, named Muneera, (2021). This research shows how social media has affected learning at present during the COVID-19 pandemic and how it has become the largest and most convenient area of communication. In the current scenario, it seems that social networking sites not only had a profound impact on our social structure and intra-social interaction but also affected education in general and learning the English language in particular. It has been proven that these various social media platforms have created a realm of the digital environment in today’s new-age learning.
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From several previous studies that have been described, some previous studies only focused on English department students while using YouTube as a media to learn to speak. In this research, the researcher wants to know about the use of YouTube as a learning media from a non-English students’ perspective as we know that non-English students have a different motivation to learn English than English department students.
The English and non-English students may have different motivations when it comes to media for learning. Non-English students usually feel unconfident in learning English especially speaking skills where the students need to practice a lot. They need some external motivation to learn such as a good learning environment, media to learn, friends, etc. They are motivated to learn English since it is a required course. However, external motivation indicates that they are still aware of the importance of English in real life and business, such as getting a job (Budiana & Djuwari, 2018). Other findings indicate that using YouTube-based videos to teach speaking can increase students' speaking abilities and motivation (Riswandi, 2016). Anggraini, (2021), has already drawn attention to the use of YouTube in learning speaking skills, with the study's findings claiming that YouTube could improve students' motivation in learning, as well as enable them to train their pronunciation, enrich their vocabulary, find ideas for sentences, and even improve their grammar while speaking automatically.
1.2 Research Problems
The research problems of this study are stated as follows:
• What are non-English students’ perspectives about YouTube as a media to learn speaking?
1.3 The Objective of the Study
The objective of the study is:
• To identify Non-English students’ perspectives about YouTube as a media to learn speaking
1.4 Significance of the Study
The study can be useful for teachers and students. Teachers can design the most suitable materials for their students by using social media to improve students' speaking skills. On the other hand, social media can help students develop and improve their ability to speak with the materials that become trending or viral.
1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study
The research focuses on non-English students who are active in social media, especially YouTube. Social media is just a platform for making fun or maybe making money for some people, and social media has many negative impacts on students, but social media also has many positive impacts. This study
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observes how using social media can improve the English skills of non-English students, especially speaking skills at the university level. However, not all university students can participate in this study. The limitation of the study is the researcher cannot do the observation by meeting with the participants because of the pandemic of Covid-19 and limited time. In addition, the only thing that the researcher can do is just send the questionnaire.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
The definition of key terms is provided to avoid misunderstanding. There are some terms used in this study that need to be defined as follows:
Speaking is a form of communication done in the form of oral language.
Meanwhile, speaking difficulties can be defined as difficulties faced by speakers during the speaking process.
Non-English Students according to this research, are the students of UNISMA who aren’t studying or learning in the English department.
Social media is websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking. Another meaning:
Computer-based technology that facilitates the sharing of ideas, thoughts, and information through virtual networks and communities. Social media is internet-based and gives users quick electronic communication of content, such as personal information, documents, videos, and photos.
YouTube is a free video-sharing website where you can easily watch internet videos. You may also make and share your films with others.
YouTube, founded in 2005, is one of the most popular websites on the
Internet, with visitors watching around 6 billion hours of video each month. Nowadays, YouTube provides various content on its platform. In this case, content such as podcasts, gaming channels or streamers, and educational content especially in English are easy to find and it’s quite a lot of content you can choose to improve your English, especially on speaking skills.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents a review of some theories about the definition of speaking, speaking difficulties, the definition of social media, and previous studies.
2.1 The Definition of Speaking
Speaking is one of the language skills which is important to be mastered and it is quite difficult for some people besides listening, reading, and writing. Speaking is an oral activity. Speaking is one of the four language skills that are interpreted as an expression of an idea, opinion, or message with oral language. Based on some dictionaries, speaking is formed from two words that are speaking. It has some functions such as adjective, verb, and noun. As an adjective, speaking means capable of speech and involving or talking. As a verb, speaking means using a voice to say words, talking to someone about something, and having a conversation. As a noun, speaking means presenting an address to a public audience.
Speaking is the process of making and sharing meaning or purpose using verbal or non-verbal symbols, in a variety of contexts. The other opinion stated that speaking is talking about our feelings or meaning by sharing or expressing our thoughts, ideas, emotions, and collected facts or data with other people. We tell someone else about our feelings or our meaning by using communication and oral activity.
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Speaking is described as the capacity to communicate oneself in a situation, the ability to describe acts or situations in specific terms, or the ability to communicate or express a succession of ideas effectively. The researcher concludes from the definition above that speaking is one of the English skills through which we communicate with another person.
2. 2 Speaking Difficulties
Speaking is the main point of communication. We need to learn about pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar, feel confident about what we want to say and use a sentence correctly. Brown (1994) states that speaking becomes difficult due to factors such as clustering, fluent speech is phrasal rather than word by word, redundancy, reduced form, performance variable, colloquial language frequency of delivery, stress, rhythm, and intonation.
Meanwhile, Ur (1991, as cited in Masrurin, 2015) says that learners are typically discouraged from learning to speak a foreign language such as English since it has a different sentence pattern from their first language, and they are nervous about making mistakes while speaking English.
There are some difficulties or obstacles such as pronunciation, lack of vocabulary, unconfident, and grammar.
Pronunciation: Pronouncing is one of many problems faced by the students. One of the problems that is often faced by the students in speaking is pronunciation.
Especially in Indonesia where English become a foreign language, the students often face this problem because of differences in pronunciation between Bahasa and English
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Lacks of Vocabulary: Vocabulary can be the foundation or base of communication. In this case, many students lack vocabulary. Based on another statement, the students could not express themselves well or adequately because they lacked adequate and appropriate vocabulary. Seems like they understand what they want to say, but the limited vocabulary makes them feel uncomfortable to speak.
Unconfident: The very common problem faced by students is unconfident. Every student has different experiences with speaking English and it makes them feel unconfident.
Grammar for speaking: Actually from the researcher’s point of view, grammar is not really important. For the speaking, we just talk or make a conversation. In the conversation, we just make a sentence or dialogue that is understandable even though the grammar is wrong. On the other hand, some students might still feel uncomfortable and think about the grammatical error. That’s the main problem with the grammar for speaking.
2.3 The Definition of Social Media
There is nothing clear meaning in social media. Everybody has their own definition of social media. Social media is an umbrella term consisting of social networking sites and messenger platforms. Social media are interactive technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, interests, and other forms of expression through virtual communities and networks.
Nowadays, social media use has been operationalized as a formative construct to investigate its impact on college students’ subjective well-being. The researcher chose WhatsApp as a media to collect the data.
If college students don’t use social media, they might be facing many problems or obstacles. The information, news, or even anything becomes online now. If they don’t use social media they would be left behind. In addition, since COVID-19, teaching methods changed to online learning and social media become the main role in this case.
2.4 Previous Study
The first previous study was from students of the University of Jambi named Tubagus (2019). This study used a qualitative method. The objective of this research is to investigate the impact that social media has on English language learning by students in the English Study Program at Jambi University. This study used an exploratory study to evaluate the use of social media for English language learning. To collect data, the researcher used a survey and a semi-structured interview. The results of this research showed that students used a variety of social media platforms, including Instagram and Facebook. As a result, students spent more time using social media for general purposes than for English learning goals.
The second previous study is titled “Improving English speaking skills of EFL class by Using Video Blog on Social Media” by Yulima et al. (2021). The research discussion is about social media as the most suitable teaching tool for today’s school. The findings of this study are this study expecting to assess the effectiveness of social media. The students were required to create a video blog to evaluate their English-speaking abilities. The findings indicate that in cycle 1, the students' frequency level of performance standards remained at an average level in vocabulary and pronunciation, and a poor level in grammar, fluency, and content.
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The frequency levels improve in cycle 2. All of the criteria are improving.
Students' English speaking skills were improved significantly by using video blogs on social media.
The third previous study is by Muneera (2019). This research investigates the way social media has affected learning in the current COVID-19 pandemic, and how it has come to be the greatest and most convenient way to interact. In the current situation, it seems that social networking sites have had a significant impact not only on our social structure and intra-social interaction but also on education in general and learning English in particular. It has been proven that the various social media platforms have created a digital environment in today's new- age learning. Social media platforms are social networking platforms that enable people to easily and quickly interact and communicate among themselves.
Those three pieces of research become the references to write this research. The previous research is observing or researching students in the English department itself, but the main idea is the same We used social media to observe the students. In this research, the subject or the participants are non-English students who are not so familiar with or maybe don’t like to learn about English.
The main reason for the author to write this research is that there are so many bad assumptions about social media. In fact, social media has its good side too. The researcher wants to show that social media is a good platform or media to learn English, especially speaking. And shows that YouTube is one of the most suitable platforms, facilities, and good vibes for learning. The research will highlight the advantages of social media, especially for Indonesian students who are very addicted to social media.
This chapter discusses some topics related to the research method. It consists of research design, setting of the research, subject of the research, data, and data sources, instrument and technique of collecting data, data analysis, and trustworthiness of data.
3.1 Research Design
Research design is the researcher’s plan for the study. Ary (2006:34) mentioned that the researcher's plan specifies the technique, where, how, and who collected data for the study. The theory requires that this study be conducted in a descriptive qualitative design, A qualitative study generally attempts to comprehend phenomena by focusing on the big picture rather than breaking it down into variables (Ary, et al (2002: 24-25). Then descriptive research is the objective of scientific investigation to describe the phenomenon. The researcher attempts to obtain a description of students issues or obstacles faced by non- English students, as well as the most suitable social media to learn not only for non-English students but also for various kinds of students.
3.2 Setting of the Research
YouTube was a platform chosen by the researcher to conduct the research.
Since YouTube become one of the most used platforms in the world, the researcher chose YouTube as the core media in this research. Three students of UNISMA are the participants of this research.
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3.3 Participants of the Research
The subjects of this research interview were three non-English students of UNISMA from different departments such as Islamic Education, Faculty of Economics, and Education of Indonesia language and literature, especially students who intentionally learn or improve their English speaking skills. Those subjects were students who like watching YouTube such as podcasts, gaming channels, and entertainment. The determination of the subject is based on the purposive sampling technique. According to Etikan (2016), a purposive sample is a technique where the researcher selects and determines participants according to their qualities. It means that the participants will be selected according to the criteria that have been made in this research.
Based on the purposive sampling (snowball sampling) technique that is used in this research, the researcher decided on two criteria for the participants, which are:
1. The subjects are non-English students of the University of Islam Malang.
2. Non-English students who use YouTube as a learning media for at least 5 months
to 1 year.
There are 3 Non-English students chosen by the researcher, based on the criteria:
1. The first participant KB is a non-English student from Education of Indonesia Language and Literature (2018) who actively uses YouTube as a learning media.
Because of his profession as an elementary school’s teacher, he needs to use any kind of media such as YouTube or video to entertain the class.
2. The second participant AF is a non-English student from the Faculty of Economics (2018). She was a bank teller and now working as a front liner who faces customers directly.
3. The last participant called SA is a non-English student from Islamic Education (2019). He has had a small business since high school and is growing bigger now.
He is a businessman who sells some kind of curtains, carpets, etc. Sometimes the customers are foreigners, so he needs to learn basic English.
3.4 Instrument and Technique of Collecting Data
The instrument and technique of collecting data are needed to find data in this research. The reason for collecting data in doing research is to obtain the material needed.Data collection is the process through which researchers gather, measure, and analyze correct data from numerous relevant sources to identify solutions to issues. The data collecting technique that is applied by the researcher in this study is to give an interview with 12 questions. The researcher chose the University of Islam Malang as the place where the researcher conducted the research. Non- English department students who like watching YouTube, particularly those from the University of Islam Malang, were the study's criteria. Because of various obstacles, the researcher conducted the research online through WhatsApp messaging or chatting.
3.5 Data Analysis
The data in qualitative research are different from the data in quantitative research. In qualitative research, the data were collected in the form of words. The data was gathered through an interview, the researcher then organized and
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familiarized the data, and reducing, and then interpreting and representing the data. It was done by the researcher to make it easy to understand.
The data analyzed was an interview. After collecting the data from the interview, the researcher transcribed the data on Google Drive and moved the data from Drive to Word. After that, the data were analyzed and categorized. Then the researcher also coded and reduced the data, and the last was interpreting and representing based on the research problems.
3.6 Trustworthiness of Data
In a study, there are standard requirements for trust in the results of the study. Trustworthiness is a standard of trust in qualitative research. This is done so that there are no errors in the results of the research data. Trustworthiness of data is done to get data that can be accounted for and trusted. The researcher conducted data collection at the University of Islam Malang. Therefore, the researcher must collect data and check repeatedly carefully in order to get validity with high credibility.
This chapter contains the research findings and discussion. The writer presented the findings in depth in the discussion section as follows.
4.1 Finding
The researcher collected data by conducting interviews with non-English students of UNISMA through WhatsApp. Three students were interviewed. The researcher gave some questions including the topic of YouTube and social media as a media to learn speaking English.
The perspective of Non-English students on YouTube as a media to learn
Non-English students generally have different objectives or ambitions to learn to speak English. Participants in this study usually have goals to improve because of employment or work requirements in the future. They have different objectives from the English students. In this interview, they don’t share the same idea. YouTube provides both advantages and disadvantages. It has an impact on the participants' perceptions of YouTube as an instrument for learning English.
They are not sure whether to use YouTube as a long-term media to learn to speak English. YouTube needs so much internet data which is made some people don’t want to use it except they have Wi-Fi. Participants 2 and 3 share the same idea
“The disadvantage, in my opinion, is that it consumes a lot of quota.” Participant 1 shared the different disadvantages of YouTube which some content or videos made him unfocused “When we open YouTube with the objective of learning and finding some content or videos that we love, we might lose focus of our first
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targets. Too engaged in some media or content, causes unfocusedness and prevents improvement.”
On the other hand, they have the same perspective about how effective YouTube is as a media to learn speaking English. As we know there are so many other platforms such as TikTok or Instagram, but YouTube is known as the most reliable with its simplicity. In this section, Participant 2 stated that YouTube is very useful, especially during the pandemic because she is used to learning by herself or online “YouTube, in my opinion, is very effective, especially during a pandemic when everything is completely online.” Since the pandemic of COVID- 19, everything become online such as working from home, online learning, etc.
And YouTube itself become the most choosable one since it’s one of the most reliable platforms to learn. Almost every student learns everything through YouTube in this era, YouTube has everything we need or want to learn from Participant 3“For this moment, YouTube, in my opinion, is a really effective medium for developing your speaking skills.” The other perspective from Participant 1 stated that the use of YouTube can be very effective when we’re using it in Group class or group learning since he is already teaching in elementary school and frequently using YouTube as his media as he said before when we are learning by our self sometimes the other content or video can distract us from our main objectives “It can be very helpful for use as a medium for group learning.”
Nowadays, there are so many platforms that contain a lot of content like YouTube with only a couple minutes to watch, and is easy to use which is just scrolling through your screen. But YouTube with its lot of resources, complexity,
effectiveness, and simplicity, has its own characteristic. That’s why YouTube still can compete with other platforms. Participant 2 does agree with it “because of the reference, and it's entertaining to watch.” Some of them agree with it that YouTube is their very first choice when comes to learning to speak English.
Participant 3 has the same exact idea and is willing to use YouTube as a long-term media to learn “Probably yes because one of the media platforms is very easy to access and has a greater variety of sources than other media platforms.” The other perspective is from Participant 1 who has a slightly different opinion about YouTube as a learning media. The main reason is he is not pretty sure that YouTube still can compete with other platforms in the future because the other platforms got bigger and easier to use “I am not sure. There is no problem with adopting another platform if it is better and more suitable for learning to speak.”
4.2 Discussion
The researcher provides a discussion of the findings in this section. This discussion focuses on the findings based on the two research questions that have been proposed. Here is a discussion of the findings.
The perspective of Non-English students on YouTube as a media to learn speaking
In this part, the study discovered different perspectives on YouTube as a learning resource for non-English students. According to the findings from the interviews, all of the students gave positive feedback on the use of the YouTube application in English learning. For students, the YouTube app contains a variety of services. When it comes to students who like to learn on their own, YouTube
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might be the most beneficial media. When learning with their friends or classmates, they may feel insecure, uncomfortable, unconfident, or terrified. The participants stated that YouTube is a good platform since they feel uncomfortable and insecure when learning with so many people and said that learning English is so important. After the interviews, the researcher found that using YouTube as a tool for learning can be effective. In addition, the multimodal content on YouTube could have an important part in supporting learners to understand their English courses. Furthermore, this study showed similar results to previous studies.
According to Sherman (2003), learning authentic English videos in the classroom could make learning more interesting. Furthermore, experts have frequently found that YouTube is a great tool for increasing learners' knowledge and assisting them in improving their English fluency. Sufi (2021) stated that YouTube is being used by students to improve their English fluency, build speaking confidence, use suitable vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, and carry on conversations.
When we look into YouTube’s benefits, it can affect the Non-English student’s perspective. Easy to use or operate with so many sources it is the number one choice. It brings the perspective that YouTube has everything we need especially to learn or improve our speaking skills. The participants felt that YouTube surely improved their speaking skills got improved. When the researcher asked about how’s well their speaking ability before and after using YouTube, they said that YouTube made their skills better. This proves that YouTube is still good in their opinion or perspective even though some of them got addicted to watching YouTube, it brings a positive thing for them too which is improving their speaking ability. Fiqri (2017) stated that students may be more
creative and independent in their learning through social media, which improves student quality. As student quality improves, it also enhances the quality of education. According to the students' perspectives, the YouTube application might provide useful feedback for students to help them learn English even if they were learning independently at home. Their interests will grow acclimated to thinking critically through applying learning based on the YouTube application, which will encourage them to be independent learners (June, Yaacob, & Kheng, 2014).
Based on the explanation above, the researcher finds that students' perceptions of learning English using the YouTube application are suitable in terms of motivating and improving their English abilities. According to Yusri (2018), the YouTube application is an effective platform to improve English learning motivation. It was also proved by their statement in the interview.
YouTube videos may be used to improve your English speaking skills. The majority of students have also improved their public speaking skills by using the YouTube platform. The students stated that after using YouTube as a learning media their speaking skills especially public speaking got better. Based on Mismara (2019), there are several benefits to using social media, including the ability to improve their vocabulary and create sentences in English. According to the findings of the interviews, students learned to improve their knowledge and language in order to communicate more accurately using the YouTube application. Students agree that learning English through YouTube is interesting because it has many advantages over other media. Sakkira and Jamaluddin (2020) also stated that it can help to encourage students' vocabulary, improve students' listening comprehension, make students more understanding due to good
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pronunciation, help improve students speaking skills, and enhance students' thinking for learning. In this case, students could search for many kinds of English learning materials that use audiovisual models.
This chapter presents conclusions and suggestions based on the results and discussion in the previous chapter. This conclusion is based on the students’
explanation of the interview. Meanwhile, the suggestions are addressed to teachers, students, and future researchers.
5.1 Conclusion
Based on the findings of this study, the researcher discovered a variety of student perspectives on YouTube as a learning medium. The researcher discovered that YouTube may assist non-English students in improving their speaking abilities in this study. As a result, using YouTube as a learning medium allows students to gain confidence. According to the findings of the interviews, the researcher discovered that the students had a similar perception of YouTube resources, complexity, efficiency, and simplicity as a learning media and that YouTube may help them improve their speaking skills. Apart from increasing the students’ speaking ability, the finding of the interview shows that students can practice their pronunciation by following the conversation on the video that they have recently found, and students can enhance their other abilities such as listening and speaking. The only common issue encountered by the students is the internet data, which they need quite a lot of internet data to access YouTube since YouTube has a long duration of videos.
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Previous research has found that YouTube may be used to learn English, particularly to enhance speaking abilities. Students may discover fresh topics, experiences, and information by using YouTube as a learning tool and discussing them with other students without feeling nervous or anxious when learning English.
5.2 Suggestion
Based on the data reported earlier, there are some suggestions from the researcher for English teachers or lecturers, the students, and also for future research to consider.
1. For the English Teachers
The researcher suggests that this research will encourage educators to pay attention to teaching strategies that engage students' attention, as well as methods that make students concerned and happy when learning English. Furthermore, using the proper strategy will enable students to understand the material that's offered. Teachers can also use YouTube as a learning tool.
2. For the Students
The researcher expects that by using YouTube as a learning platform, this research will provide students learning English, particularly those with limited speaking abilities, with a new perspective. According to the findings of this study, YouTube's simplicity may be very helpful for students learning English, and students may use English or Bahasa subtitles when watching videos in order to understand the terminology or dialogue. Not only that, but students must pay closer attention to the lecturer's information so that they can use it in real life.
Aside from that, students must be diligent and committed to learning if they want to speak English effectively and fluently.
3. For the Future research
According to the current study, the researcher hopes that the next researcher will use YouTube or another social media platform to learn English, particularly speaking skills, and will use a different research design, methodology, and subjects such as reading, writing, grammar, and vocabulary. Last, but not least, it is recommended that the study process be carried out directly, particularly in interview data gathering, to obtain more trustworthy findings.
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