better hearing
purpose
Reinforce the original sound
distortion free
Feedback free
The basic elements of electronic sound reinforcement
microphone Electronic control loudspeaker
amplifier equalizer
cross over network
airborne sound to the electronic signal
speaker
Speaker
Directional sensitivity
Speaker common types
a thin diagfragm that will vibrate by sound waves, and will move the cable coil between the two magnetic poles so as to generate an
electronic potential.
A variation of the moving coil in which the aluminum tape acts as a diaphragm
A thin, polarized diaphragm that moves easily, vibrates in front of the plate and changes its capacity to varying electronic signals.
increase the magnitude of the electrical signal
apmplifier
Divides electrical energy to high and low frequency speakers at the correct level and
frequency
Crossover network
Controls microphone input into a large multimicrophone system
mixer
Control the tone to form a signal
equalizer
Balances the frequency character of the
loudspeaker
Converts electrical energy into airborne sound
Loud speaker
Basic sceme
mic
mic
mic
mixer equal amp Crsovr
Loud speker
mid range tweeter
woofer
subwoofer
It is important to place the electronic control
console in the right place so that the operator can hear the natural sound and the amplified sound
that the listener will hear.
High-pitched sounds (2000-20,000Hz, treble) will be output through the hi-range speaker (high frequency horn
loudspeaker, tweeter)
Range bunyi
The middle tone (500-2000Hz) will be output by the mid- range speaker (medium-frequency loudspeaker)
Low tones (150-500Hz, bass) will be output by low-range speakers (low frequency loudspeaker, woofer), sometimes lows are preferably output through separate speakers known
as sub-woofers (20-150 Hz)
Sistem bunyi
All sounds are only issued by one loudspeaker, which is less
natural.
All sounds are distributed in 2
different left and right loudspeakers.
For example a movie building needs sound coming from all directions, and not just from the front.
Loudspeakers
• The loudspeaker converts electrical energy into airborne sound. Sound distributed in the air.
• The loudspeaker must be positioned so that the direct sound from the loudspeaker can be distributed at the right sound level to all listeners.
• For rooms with RT smaller than 2 seconds, the maximum distance between the loudspeakers and the listener:
d = 0.1 / (QV / T)
• d = distance between the loudspeaker and the listener (ft)
• Q = Directivity of the loudspeaker.
• V = Volume of space (ft3)
• T = Reverberation time (RT) (s)
Indoor loudspeaker placement type:
There are several types of loudspeaker placement in an electronic sound system, but there are basically 4 types:
• Centralized (central Loudspeakers system)
• Distributed (distributed Loudspeaker system)
• Integrated with the seat (seat integrated loudspeaker system)
• Integrated in columns (columm loudspeaker system)
• Combination.
Loudspeakers
Layout loudspeakers yang harus dihindari :
• Meletakan di dua sisi depan prosenium.
Karena menyebabkan overlaping pola yang menyebabkan interferensi.
• Meletakan berhadapan disepanjang ruang
sirkulasi.
Tipe penempatan loudspeaker dalam ruangan :
Terpusat (central cluster)
• Sekelompok speaker yang diletakan diatas sumber bunyi asli, setinggi 7-13 m dan agak kedepan sedikit (manusia tidak terlalu peka terhadap pergeseran sumber bunyi
secara vertikal dan lebih peka terhadap pergeseran secara horisontal,kiri kanan)
• Kumpulan speaker ini disembunyakan di balik tirai dan masing-masing speaker diarahkan ke audience deretan depan , tengah , maupun belakang.
• Kelebihan tipe ini , bunyi dari speaker sama arahnya dengan posisi sumber bunyi asli (misal menyanyi dan berpidato) sehingga terasa alami.
Indoor loudspeaker placement type:
Distributed
• Place a series of speakers above the audians (listener).
This type is used for rooms with low ceilings so it is not possible to use a centralized system.
• This type is used for activities that prioritize sound clarity and do not prioritize the direction of the sound source, for example: classrooms and airports.
• Including this type of loudspeaker is a speaker that is placed in the column evenly.
Distributed loudspeaker system
The loudspeaker spread should allow overlap.
• S= 1.4 (H-4 ft) for the listeners to sit down.
• S= 1.4 (H-6 ft) for the listener to stand.
S = distance between loudspeakers H = height of the room.
Indoor loudspeaker placement type:
Integrated with the seat (seat-integrated)
• Integrated speakers behind the seat.
• Required in rooms with activities that require a low, clear and even sound in all rooms.
• Usually the speaker is placed behind the back of the chair, and the sound will be heard by the
person sitting behind the chair.
• While the person in the chair heard from the
speaker in front of him.
Indoor loudspeaker placement type:
Combination
• Is a combination of the types above.
• For a combination of centralized and scattered types, an initial time delay device is needed so that the sound from the rear row speakers awaits the sound from the front centered speaker.
• If not, then those who sit in the back row of seats will
hear a sound from the spaeker in the back row first, then they will get a sound from the front speakers, so it is
unnatural and disturbs their comfort.
SISTEM KEREALISTI SAN BUNYI
KETERLIHA TAN LOUD SPEAKER
PENUNDA SINYAL ELEKTRONIK
BIAYA PERALATAN
RELATIF
SENTRAL SANGAT BAIK SANGAT TERLIHAT
TIDAK BUTUH RENDAH
TERSEBAR JELEK TIDAK
TERLALU TERLIHAT BILA
DITANAM, TERLIHAT BILA
DIGANTUNG
KADANG DIPERLUKAN
RENDAH HINGGA SEDANG
TERPADU DENGAN
KURSI
JELEK TIDAK
MENONJOL
DIPERLUKAN TINGGI TERSEBAR
PADA KOLOM
SEDANG AGAK
TERLIHAT
DIPERLUKAN SEDANG HINGGA TINGGI
KOMBINASI TERGANTUNG DARI RUANGAN DAN DESAIN SISTEM
Background Shadow System
• To provide comfort, electronic background sound is provided to reduce the noise
perception of building occupants.
• This system is implemented, among others, in the open lay out office rental space
system.