Acute Range of Motion Changes Following Foam Rolling and Roller Massage

Table 1: Acute ROM changes within 10 minutes of foam rolling (FR) or roller massage (RM) (58 studies, 153 measures). Differences in shading highlight measures from single studies.

Rolling intensity: 100%: maximum discomfort, 50-90%: 5-9 on a rating of perceived exertion scale. Rolling speed: time to roll the length of a body part in one direction

Acronyms: , AFR: AFLR: Active flexed leg raise, Active foam rolling, AHE: Active hip extension, AHF: Active hip flexion, AKF:

Active knee flexion, AKE: Active knee extension, ASLR: Active straight leg raise, DF: dorsiflexion, Dom: dominant limb, DS:

dynamic stretch, EO: external obliques, ES: erector spinae, Gastro: gastrocnemius, Hams: Hamstrings, Glutes: gluteals, H: Healthy, Immed: immediately, IR: internal rotation, KEA: Knee extension angle, KE: knee extension, KF: knee flexion, Lats: latissimus dorsi, LSMR: Long self-myofascial release, MR: Myofascial release, ND: non-dominant limb, NR: not reported, PFR: Passive foam rolling, PSLR: PHE: Passive hip extension, PHF: Passive hip flexion, PKE: Passive knee extension, Passive straight leg raise, PF: plantar flexion, Quads: Quadriceps, ROM: range of motion, RA: Recreationally active, RF: rectus femoris, RT: Resistance trained, STM: Soft tissue mobilization, SMI: suboccipital muscle inhibition technique, SMFR: self-myofascial release, SSMR: Short self-myofascial release, SS: Static stretch, TB: Thera-Ball, Tr: Trained, TS: triceps surae, UT: Untrained.

Authors Age Sex Trained

State

Roller Set# Repetition Duration (s)

Recovery Between sets (s)

Rolling Speed/

Freque ncy

Rolling Intensity (%)

Muscles Rolled

Measure Site

Pre-test ROM

Post-test ROM (0)

% ES

Aune et al.

2018 (1)

18±1 M:6

F:6

Tr FR 3 60 30 NR 100 Gastro DF NR 3.4 9 0.5

Behm et al.

2018 (2)

22.3±4.6 M:16 RA RM 3 30 10 1 70 Triceps

surae

DF 13.8±3.1 14.3±3.2 3.2 0.1

Beier et al.

2019 (3)

29.4±4.3 M:11 Tr FR 1 120 NR NR Heavy

pressure

RF Gastro Knee 110.7±11.0 110.2±12.4 -0.04 -0.04 Bradbury-

Squires et al. 2015 (4)

26.6 ±5.2 M:10 RA RM 5 20 60 2 25%

body mass

Quads Knee 43.4±9.6 48.5±11 11.7 0.5

Bradbury- Squires et al. 2015 (4)

26.6±5.2 M:10 RA RM 5 60 60 2 25%

body mass

Quads Knee 42.0±9.1 50.6±14.7 20.5 0.72

Capobianco et al. 2017 (5)

25±3.7 M:10 F:10

RA TB 3 60 NR 2 Less

than 50

Gastro Ankle 26.7±6.9 32.6±7 22.09 0.8

Cheatham et al. 2017 (6)

28±9.5 M&F:

15

UT FR 1 120 NR 2.5

cm/s

NR Quads Knee

(Video)

135.3±8.8 140.2±7.8 3.62 0.59

Cheatham et al. 2017 (6)

25.5±3.8 M&F:

15

UT FR 1 120 NR 2.5

cm/s

NR Quads Knee

(live)

140.4±7.7 145.3±7.7 3.49 0.63

Cheatham et al. 2017 (6)

26.4±5.1 M&F:

15

UT FR 1 120 NR 2.5

cm/s

NR Quads Knee

(self)

134.5±13.6 139.6±14.2 3.79 0.36

Cheatham et al. 2018 (7)

24.5±3.06 M &

F: 12

RA FR 1 120 NR 2.5

cm/s

30 Quads KF

(soft)

131.9±8.3 139.3±8.01 5.61 0.91

Cheatham et al. 2018 (7)

24.3±1.7 M &

F: 12

RA FR 1 120 NR 2.5

cm/s

60 Quads KF

(medium)

127.7±1046 136±11.1 6.49 0.76

Cheatham et al. 2018 (7)

25.3±5.8 M &

F: 12

RA FR 1 120 NR 2.5

cm/s

90 Quads KF

(hard)

132.4±6.2 140.58±6.77 6.17 1.26

Cheatham et al. 2019 (8)

24.33±3.47 M&F:

12

Tr FR 1 120 NR 2.5

cm/s

30 Quads Passive KF

(smooth)

135.24±7.88 138.19±6.06 2.18 0.42

Cheatham et al. 2019 (8)

25.25±3.6 M&F:

12

Tr FR 1 120 NR 2.5

cm/s

60 Quads Passive KF

(multi-level)

143.7±8.12 149.17±8.54 3.81 0.65

Cheatham et al. 2019 (8)

26.08±6.02 M&F:

12

Tr FR 1 120 NR 2.5

cm/s

90 Quads Passive KF

(GRID)

134.12±8.35 140.01±9.77 4.39 0.65

Cheatham et al. 2019 (9)

26.4±5.11 M&F:

20

RA FR 1 120 NR 2.5

cm/s

NR Quads Passive KF

(non-FR experienced)

132±13.1 138.7±14.2 5.11 0.49

Cheatham et al. 2019 (9)

27.52±6.91 M&F:

20

RA FR 1 120 NR 2.5

cm/s

NR Quads Passive KF

(experienced)

130.2±8.7 138.2±8.7 6.14 0.91

Cho et al.

2014 (10)

24.8±4.3 M:10 F:15

NR SMI 1 300 NR NR NR Suboccipital

area

Hams (Finger Foot Distance)

12.6±4.3 8.1±4 -35.71 -1.1

Cho et al.

2014 (10)

24.8±4.3 M:10 F:15

NR SMI 1 300 NR NR NR Suboccipital

area

Hams (Straight Leg Raise)

58.7±6.6 67.2±7.1 14.48 1.24

Cho et al.

2014 (10)

24.8±4.3 M:10 F:15

NR SMI 1 300 NR NR NR Suboccipital

area

Hams (Popliteal Angle)

37.4±6.9 67.2±7.1 14.71 0.78

Cho et al.

2014 (10)

25.3±4.1 M:9 F:16

NR SMFR 1 300 NR NR NR Suboccipital

area

Hams (Finger Foot Distance)

12±4.7 10.2±4.7 -15 -.38

Cho et al.

2014 (10)

25.3±4.1 M:9 F:16

NR SMFR 1 300 NR NR NR Suboccipital

area

Hams (Straight Leg Raise)

60.2±5.3 65.5±6.3 8.8 0.91

Cho et al.

2014 (10)

25.3±4.1 M:9 F:16

NR SMFR 1 300 NR NR NR Suboccipital

area

Hams (Popliteal Angle)

38±7.4 40.3±6.5 6.05 0.33

Couture et al. 2015 (11)

20±1.5 M:14 F:19

RA FR 4 30 30 1.5 100 Hams KE 67.7±9.9 67.4±10.8 -0.42 -.02

Couture et al. 2015 (11)

20±1.5 M:14 F:19

RA FR 2 10 30 1.5 100 Hams KE 67.9±9.7 67.3±10.6 -0.59 -.03

Couture et al. 2015 (11)

20.1±1.5 M:14 F:19

RA FR 2 10 30 40

bpm

100 Hams Hams 67.7±9.9 67.3±10.6 -0.59 -.03

Couture et al. 2015 (11)

20.1±1.5 M:14 F:19

RA FR 4 30 30 40

bpm

100 Hams Hams 67.7±9.9 67.41±10.8 -0.02 0.02

De Souza et al. 2019 (12)

24.9±3.2 M:7 RA SSMR 2 10 rep 10 4 up +

3 down

70 Quads, Calf DF 43.7±7.9 48.2±5.9 10.29 0.65

De Souza et al. 2019 (12)

24.9±3.2 M:7 RA SSMR 2 10 rep 10 4 up +

3 down

70 Quads, Calf Hip Flexion 70.4±12 74.3±11.3 5.53 0.33

De Souza et al. 2019 (12)

24.9±3.2 M:7 RA LSMR 2 10 rep 10 4 up +

3 down

70 Quads, Calf DF 44.1±7.3 49.3±7.8 11.79 0.68

De Souza et al. 2019 (12)

24.9±3.2 M:7 RA LSMR 2 10 rep 10 4 up +

3 down

70 Quads, Calf Hip Flexion 72.1±14.9 76.2±13.6 5.68 0.28

Do et al.

2018 (13)

30.53±3.6 M:

10 F:5

H SMR 1 300 NR NR 100 Heels to

Metatarsal

Left PSLR 45.6±7.1 54.13±8.1 18.71 1.12

Do et al.

2018 (13)

30.53±3.6 M:

10 F:5

H SMR 1 300 NR NR 100 Heels to

Metatarsal

Right PSLR 45.27±5.9 53.73±8.8 18.68 1.13

Do et al.

2018 (13)

30.53±3.6 M:

10 F:5

H SMR 1 300 NR NR 100 Heels to

Metatarsal

Toe Touch Test

17.88±6.9 13.22±6.9 -26.1 -.67

Fairall et al.

2017 (14)

36.92±11.17 M:

12

Tr SMR 2 60 30 4 100 Shoulder Glenohumeral

IR

20.31±4.6 24.15±5.2 18.9 0.77 Fairall et al.

2017 (14)

36.92±11.17 M:

12

Tr SMR &

Static Stretch

2 60 30 4 100 Shoulder Glenohumeral

IR

20.21±3.9 30.36±7.2 50.22 1.82

García- Gutiérrezet al. 2018 (15)

M: 21.8±2.7 F:19.5±7.2

M:

19 F:19

RA FR 3 20 10 3 70-80 TS DF & PF NR NR 6 NR

Grabow et al. 2018 (16)

27±4.0 M:8

F:8

RA RM 3 60 120 4 50% Quads,

Hams

KF 39.8±1.8 46.3±2 16.3 3.4

Grabow et al. 2018 (16)

27±4.0 M:8

F:8

RA RM 3 60 120 4 70% Quads,

Hams

KF 41.9±2 47.4±2.6 13.1 2.4

Grabow et al. 2018 (16)

27±4.0 M:8

F:8

RA RM 3 60 120 4 90 Quads,

Hams

KF 43.1±2.2 48.4±2.3 12.3 0.7

Grabow et al. 2017 (17)

M:27.7±4.6 F:26.7±1.5

M:6 F:6

PA FR 3 60 60 1 70 DOM Leg Sit & Reach

(DOM leg pretest first 60s of FR)

29.6±8.8 30.4±9.3 2.7 0.08

Grabow et al. 2017 (17)

M:27.7±4.6 F:26.7±1.5

M:6 F:6

RA FR 3 60 60 1 70 DOM Leg Sit & Reach

(DOM leg 2nd 60s of FR)

31±9.8 31.3±9.8 0.96 0.03

Grabow et al. 2017 (17)

M:27.7±4.6 F:26.7±1.5

M:6 F:6

RA FR 3 60 60 1 70 DOM Leg DF (DOM leg

pretest 1st 60s of FR)

12.1±3.6 11.7±3.6 -3.3 -.11

Grabow et al. 2017 (17)

M:27.7±4.6 F:26.7±1.5

M:6 F:6

RA FR 3 60 60 1 70 DOM Leg DF (DOM leg

2nd 60s of FR)

13±4.2 3.8±11.7 -70.76 -1.15

Grieve et al. 2015 (18)

28±11.13 M:8 F:16

NR SMR 1 240 NR NR 100 Foot Sole Sit & Reach 17.92±11.6 20.33±11.3 13.4 0.2

Grieve et al. 2013 (19)

43±7.1 M:6

F:4

NR FR 3 NR NR NR NR NR NR 8.5±4.6 10.4±3.6 22.3 0.46

Hall et al.

2018 (20)

21.07±1.14 M:12 F:14

H AFR 3 30 30 2 NR Glutes Hip adduction -25.9±5.3 -29.6±5.5 14.28 -0.7

Hall et al.

2018 (20)

21.07±1.14 M:12 F:14

H PFR 3 30 30 2 NR ITB Hip adduction -25.8±5.8 -26.1±5.8 1.16 -0.05

Halperin et al. 2014 (21)

22.5±3.5 M:12 F:2

RA RM 3 60 10 1 70 Triceps

Surae

DF 14.0±2.8 14.5±2.5 3.8 0.2

Henning et al. 2019 (22)

(M:21.5 F:20.2)

±1.65

M

&F:

20

RA FR 3 20 NR NR NR lower back,

glutes, Quads, Hams, calves, ITB

Ankle ROM 109.7±.3.4 110.2±4.4 0.45 0.12

Henning et al. 2019 (22)

(M:21.5 F:20.2)

±1.65

M

&F:

20

RA FR 3 20 NR NR NR lower back,

glutes, Quads, Hams, calves, ITB

Knee ROM 127.6±5.34 129±5.62 1.09 0.25

Henning et al. 2019 (22)

(M:21.5 F:20.2)

±1.65

M

&F:

20

RA FR 3 20 NR NR NR lower back,

glutes, Quads, Hams, calves, ITB

Sit & Reach 29.9±7.29 30.8±8.13 3.01 0.11

Hodgson et al. 2018 (23)

26±4.1 M:7

F:5

RA RM 2 30 10 1 70 Quads,

Hams

KF 33.4±5.9 37.5±5.9 12.3 0.69

Hodgson et al. 2018 (23)

26±4.1 M:7

F:5

RA RM 2 30 10 1 70 Quads,

Hams

Hip Flexion 99.6±19.9 106.1±22.4 6.5 0.31

Hodgson et al. 2019 (24)

M:27 F:26 M:7 F:5

RA RM 1 30 NR 60

bpm

70 Quads,

Hams

Active Hip Flexion

NR NR 1.6 0.09

Hodgson et al. 2019 (24)

M:27 F:26 M:7 F:5

RA RM 1 30 NR 60

bpm

70 Quads,

Hams

Passive Hip Flexion

NR NR 6.5 0.28

Hodgson et al. 2019 (24)

M:27 F:26 M:7 F:5

RA RM 1 30 NR 60

bpm

70 Quads,

Hams

Active Knee Flexion

NR NR 5.9 0.45

Hodgson et al. 2019 (24)

M:27 F:26 M:7 F:5

RA SS & RM 1 30 NR 60

bpm

70 Quads,

Hams

Passive Knee Flexion

NR NR 12.6 0.75

Junker et al. 2015 (25)

31±8.5 M:

13

RA FR 27 1620 NR 10

times

100 Hams Stand-and-

Reach

-3.9±8 -0.9±8.7 NR 0.55

Kelly and Beardsley 2016 (26)

24.8±2 M:8

F:5

RA FR 3 30 10 3 100 Calf DF

immediate)

NR NR 8.79 NR

Kelly and Beardsley 2016 (26)

24.8±2 M:8

F:5

RA FR 3 30 10 3 100 Calf DF post 5

min)

NR NR 8.8 NR

Kelly and Beardsley 2016 (26)

24.8±2 M:8

F:5

RA FR 3 30 10 3 100 Calf DF post 10

min)

NR NR 7.89 NR

Killen et al.

2018 (27)

M:28±3 F:27±2

M:

13 F:10

RA FR 10 30 30 1 NR Hams ND PHF 66.1±4.1 70.3±4.5 6.35 0.2

Kim et al.

2014 (28)

25.4±3.5 10 NR FR 1 60 NR NR NR Hams Active Knee

Extension

132±8.2 146±5.7 10.61 2.01

Krause et al. 2019 (29)

(M:31.2 F:33.5) ± 5.2

M:

10 F:6

NR FR 2 60 30 2 70 Quads Active Knee

Flexion

135.2 137.1 1.8 0.25

Krause et al. 2019 (29)

(M:31.2 F:33.5) ± 5.2

M:10 F:6

NR FR 2 60 30 2 70 Quads Passive Knee

Extension

143.4 150.3 3.4 0.47

Kyranoudis et al. 2019 (30)

21.6±0.7 13 RA FR 1 30 NR NR NR Quads,

Hams, Gastro, Adductors

Hip Flexion 107.2±8.6 114.7±9.02 6.9 0.84

Le Gal et al.

2017 (31)

15±3 M:

10 F:1

Tr SMR 1 900 90 NR NR Infraspinatus

and Pectoralis

Glenohumeral ROM

46±2.4 57.1±1.3 24.13 2.06

Madoni et al. 2018 (32)

21.5±1.8 F:22 RA FR 3 30 10 NR 100 Hams Hams 123.2±3.5 117.9±4.3 -4.3 -1.3

Markovic 2015 (33)

19±2 M:

10

Tr FR 2 120 30 6-7.5 NR Quads,

Hams

Knee ROM NR NR 5% NR

Markovic 2015 (33)

19±2 M:

10

Tr FR 2 120 30 6-7.5 NR Quads,

Hams

Hip ROM NR NR 9% NR

McDonald et al. 2013 (34)

22.3±3.8 M:11 Tr SMR 2 60 30 NR 90 Quads Knee ROM (2

min)

77.55±10.1 88.2±8.5 13.7 1.14

McDonald et al. 2013 (34)

22.3±3.8 M:11 Tr SMR 2 60 30 NR 90 Quads Knee ROM

(10 min)

77.5±10.2 86.3±8.9 11.3 0.92

Mohr et al.

2014 (35)

21±2.21 M:10 RA FR 3 160 30 1 100 Hams Passive Hip

Flexion

3.7±1.8 6.8±3.9 83.7 1.81

Monterio et al. 2018 (36)

26.5±4.2 M:18 RA FR 1 120 NR NR 100 Quads Hip Flexion 90.1±6.9 112±9.1 24.3 2.72

Monterio et al. 2018 (36)

26.5±4.2 M:18 RA FR 1 120 NR NR 100 Quads Hip Extension 7.1±3.7 15.9±3.4 123.5 2.45

Monterio et al. 2018 (36)

26.5±4.2 M:18 RA RM 1 120 NR NR 80 Quads Hip Flexion 92.5±7.1 108.4±9.3 17.1 1.93

Monterio et al. 2018 (36)

26.5±4.2 M:18 RA RM 1 120 NR NR 80 Quads Hip Extension 7.2±2.2 12.8±2.9 77.1 2.18

Monteiro et al. 2016 (37)

27.6±2.4 M:10 RA FR 1 60 NR NR 100 Hams Hip Extension 7±2.1 17.8±3 254.2 1.9

Monteiro et al. 2016 (37)

27.6±2.4 M:10 RA FR 1 120 NR NR 100 Hams Hip Extension 6.6±3.4 20.8±2.4 315.1 3.7

Monteiro et al. 2016 (37)

27.6±2.4 M:10 RA RM 1 60 NR NR 100 Hams Hip Extension 6.4±2.9 15.2±3 235.9 1.1

Monteiro et al. 2016 (37)

27.6±2.4 M:10 RA RM 1 120 NR NR 100 Hams Hip Extension 7±2.1 16.6±2.9 232.8 4.6

Monteiro et al. 2016 (37)

27.6±2.4 M:10 RA FR 1 60 NR NR 100 Hams Hip Flexion 95±5.9 107.4±6.8 109.8 4.1

Monteiro et al. 2016 (37)

27.6±2.4 M:10 RA FR 1 120 NR NR 100 Hams Hip Flexion 88.4±7.8 115±6.3 130 4.8

Monteiro et al. 2016 (37)

27.6±2.4 M:10 RA RM 1 60 NR NR 100 Hams Hip Flexion 92±10.4 102.2±6.6 111 2.9

Monteiro et al. 2016 (37)

27.6±2.4 M:10 RA RM 1 120 NR NR 100 Hams Hip Flexion 93.8±4.3 114.4±4.4 121.9 3.6

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2±4 M:25 RA FR 1 60 NR NR 80 Quads PHF (immed) NR 19.28 NR 3.01

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2±4 M:25 RA FR 1 60 NR NR 80 Quads PHF (post

10min)

NR 13.04 NR 2.02

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2±4 M:25 RA FR 1 120 NR NR 80 Quads PHF (immed) NR 17.24 NR 1.08

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2±4 M:25 RA FR 1 120 NR NR 80 Quads PHF (post

10min)

NR 12.36 NR 0.75

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2±4 M:25 RA RM 1 60 NR NR 80 Quads PHF (immed) NR 14.64 NR 2.34

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2±4 M:25 RA RM 1 60 NR NR 80 Quads PHF (post

10min)

NR 8.32 NR 1.36

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2±4 M:25 RA RM 1 120 NR NR 80 Quads PHF (immed) NR 14.9 NR 1.93

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2±4 M:25 RA RM 1 120 NR NR 80 Quads PHF (post

10min)

NR 10.4 NR 1.33

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2±4 M:25 RA FR 1 60 NR NR 80 Quads PHE (immed) NR 6.96 NR 2.58

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2±4 M:25 RA FR 1 60 NR NR 80 Quads PHE (post 10

min)

NR 3.6 NR 1.45

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2±4 M:25 RA FR 1 120 NR NR 80 Quads PHE (immed) NR 8.56 NR 2.48

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2±4 M:25 RA FR 1 120 NR NR 80 Quads PHE (post 10

min)

NR 4.64 NR 1.48

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2± M:25 RA RM 1 60 NR NR 80 Quads PHE (immed) NR 6.56 NR 3.48

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2±4 M:25 RA RM 1 60 NR NR 80 Quads PHE (post 10

min)

NR 3.04 NR 1.88

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2±4 M:25 RA RM 1 120 NR NR 80 Quads PHE (immed) NR 6.32 NR 3.11

Monteiro et al. 2019 (38)

26.2±4 M:25 RA RM 1 120 NR NR 80 Quads PHE (post 10

min)

NR 3.92 NR 1.57

Monteiro et al. 2018 (39)

26.5±4.2 M:18 RA FR 1 120 NR NR 100 Quads Passive Hip

Flexion

90.1± 6.9 112 ± 9.1 24.3 2.7

Monteiro et al. 2018 (39)

26.5±4.2 M:18 RA FR 1 120 NR NR 100 Quads Passive Hip

Extension

7.1±3.7 15.9±3.4 123.5 2.45

Monteiro et al. 2018 (39)

26.5±4.2 M:18 RA RM 1 120 NR NR 60-80 Quads Passive Hip

Flexion

92.56±7.1 108.44±9.2 17.15 1.93

Monteiro et al. 2018 (39)

26.5±4.2 M:18 RA RM 1 120 NR NR 60-80 Quads Passive Hip

Extension

7.22±2.2 12.7±2.9 77.01 2.1

Monteiro et al. 2018 (39)

26.5±4.2 M:18 RT FR 1 120 NR NR 60-80 Quads Hip Flexion

(10 min)

90.1±6.9 107.1±11.5 18.8 1.84

Monteiro et al. 2018 (39)

26.5±4.2 M:18 RT FR 1 120 NR NR 60-80 Quads Hip Extension

(10 min)

7.11±3.7 12.22±2.7 71.8 1.57

Murray et al. 2016 (40)

14.2±1.4 M:12 RA FR 1 60 NR 2 NR Quads Quads 141.4±9.3 141.9±8.6 0.03 0.05

Murray et al. 2016 (40)

14.2±1.4 M:12 RA FR 1 60 NR 2 NR Quads Hip Flexion 26.1±7.9 28.5±7.4 9.1 0.31

Patel et al.

2016 (41)

21.7±1.12 M:3 F:27

NR SMR 1 240 NR NR 100 Foot Sole Sit & Reach 27.06±9.4 33.6±9.4 24.39 0.69

Patel et al.

2016 (41)

21.7±1.12 M:3 F:27

NR SMR 1 240 NR NR 100 Foot Sole AKE (right leg) 33.2±7.4 20.4±8.8 -38.4 -1.56

Patel et al.

2016 (41)

21.7±1.12 M:3 F:27

NR SMR 1 240 NR NR 100 Foot Sole AKE (left leg) 32.4±7.5 21.8±8.2 -32.7 -1.34

Philips et al. 2018 (42)

23.7±4.5 M:8 F:16

RA FR 1 60 NR NR NR Quads, TS DF 37.6±4.1 37.9±4.2 0.8 0.07

Philips et al. 2018 (42)

23.7±4.5 M:8 F:16

RA FR 1 60 NR NR NR Quads, TS Knee 55.5±11.7 62.5±12 12.6 0.59

Philips et al. 2018 (42)

23.7±4.5 M:8 F:16

RA FR 1 300 NR NR NR Quads, TS DF 37.4±4.2 38.1±4.2 1.8 0.16

Philips et al. 2018 (42)

23.7±4.5 M:8 F:16

RA FR 1 300 NR NR NR Quads, TS Knee 55.4± 10.1 64.5±11.1 16.4 0.85

Richman et al. 2018 (43)

19.8±1.3 F:14 RA FR 1 360 NR NR NR Lower Body Sit & Reach 37.6±4.2 39.4±4.4 4.78 0.42

Romero- Franco et al. 2019 (44)

24.1±4.2 M:

18 F:12

Tr FR 1 45 15 NR NR Quads,

Hams, Calves

Thomas test:

Hip Flexion

17.2±9.9 22.7±6.5 31.97 0.67

Romero- Franco et al. 2019 (44)

24.1±4.2 M:

18 F:12

Tr FR 1 45 15 NR NR Quads,

Hams, Calves

Thomas test:

Hip Flexion (10 min)

17.2±9.9 21.9±6.2 27.32 0.58

Romero- Franco et al. 2019 (44)

24.1±4.2 M:

18 F:12

Tr FR 1 45 15 NR NR Quads,

Hams, Calves

Thomas test:

KF

20.5±6.8 18.1±8.6 -11.71 -0.31

Romero- Franco et al. 2019 (44)

24.1±4.2 M:

18 F:12

Tr FR 1 45 15 NR NR Quads,

Hams, Calves

Thomas test:

KF (10 min)

20.5±6.8 19.6±9.3 -4.39 -.11

Romero- Franco et al. 2019 (44)

24.1±4.2 M:

18 F:12

Tr FR 1 45 15 NR NR Quads,

Hams, Calves

Knee Extension

34.5±12.3 28.9±4.3 -16.2 -.67

Romero- Franco et al. 2019 (44)

24.1±4.2 M:

18 F:12

Tr FR 1 45 15 NR NR Quads,

Hams, Calves

Knee Extension (10 min)

34.5±12.3 35.8±15.4 3.76 0.09

Romero- Franco et al. 2019 (44)

24.1±4.2 M:

18 F:12

Tr FR 1 45 15 NR NR Quads,

Hams, Calves

DF 39.8±5.5 46.1±7.9 15.82 0.94

Romero- Franco et al. 2019 (44)

24.1±4.2 M:

18 F:12

Tr FR 1 45 15 NR NR Quads,

Hams, Calves

DF (10 min) 39.8±5.5 43±7.5 8.04 0.49

Romero- Moraledo et al. 2019 (45)

22.2±3.2 M:

32 F:6

RA FR 5 300 NR NR NR Quads Hip 30.6±4.2 29.2±3.9 -4.6 -0.34

Romero- Moraledo et al. 2019 (45)

22.2±3.2 M:

32 F:6

RA FR 5 60 NR NR NR Quads Knee 129.9±5.6 126.1±3.8 -2.9 -0.8

Sagiroglu et al. 2017 (46)

21.1±1.1 F:18 Tr FR 2 30 30 40

bpm

NR Hams,

Quads, Glutes, Calves

Sit & Reach 9.8±7.9 10.7±7.1 9.1 0.12

Sagiroglu et al. 2017 (46)

21.1±1.1 F:18 Tr FR 2 60 30 40

bpm

NR Hams,

Quads, Glutes, Calves

Sit & Reach 9.8±7.9 10.4±8.8 6.1 0.07

Serra-Ano et al. 2018 (47)

53.1±10.9 F:13 NR MR 4 3000 NR NR NR Upper

Thoracic

Shoulder Flexion T1

144.8±29.1 166.5±15.3 14.9 0.92

Serra-Ano et al. 2018 (47)

53.1±10.9 F:13 NR MR 4 3000 NR NR NR Upper

Thoracic

Shoulder Flexion T2

144.8±29.2 162.3±15.1 12.08 0.75

Serra-Ano et al. 2018 (47)

53.1±10.9 F:13 NR MR 4 3000 NR NR NR Upper

Thoracic

Shoulder Extension T1

36±17.1 50.7±11.4 40.75 1.01

Serra-Ano et al. 2018 (47)

53.1±10.9 F:13 NR MR 4 3000 NR NR NR Upper

Thoracic

Shoulder Extension T2

36±17.1 53.9±6.4 49.77 1.39

Serra-Ano et al. 2018 (47)

53.1±10.9 F:13 NR MR 4 3000 NR NR NR Upper

Thoracic

Shoulder Abduction T1

101.6±32.7 121.9±25.8 19.91 0.69

Serra-Ano et al. 2018 (47)

53.1±10.9 F:13 NR MR 4 3000 NR NR NR Upper

Thoracic

Shoulder Abduction T1

101.6±32.7 137.7±38.3 35.41 1.01

Serra-Ano et al. 2018 (47)

53.1±10.9 F:13 NR MR 4 3000 NR NR NR Upper

Thoracic

Shoulder Adduction T1

36±9.5 44.2±4.8 22.91 1.09

Serra-Ano et al. 2018 (47)

53.1±10.9 F:13 NR MR 4 3000 NR NR NR Upper

Thoracic

Shoulder Adduction T2

36±9.52 42.7±5.8 18.52 0.85

Serra-Ano et al. 2018 (47)

53.1±10.9 F:13 NR MR 4 3000 NR NR NR Upper

Thoracic

Shoulder Internal Rotation T1

75.9±5.4 73.9±9.3 -2.63 0.26

Serra-Ano et al. 2018 (47)

53.1±10.9 F:13 NR MR 4 3000 NR NR NR Upper

Thoracic

Shoulder Internal Rotation T2

75.9±5.4 74.6±9.3 -1.64 0.16

Serra-Ano et al. 2018 (47)

53.1±10.9 F:13 NR MR 4 3000 NR NR NR Upper

Thoracic

Shoulder External Rotation T1

59.2±18.5 68.7±14.2 16.05 0.58

Serra-Ano et al. 2018 (47)

53.1±10.9 F:13 NR MR 4 3000 NR NR NR Upper

Thoracic Region

Shoulder External Rotation T2

59.2±18.5 69.4±17.3 17.32 0.57

Sheffield et al. 2013 (48)

17±1.3 F:15 Tr SMR 1 NR NR 3 NR Hams AKE right leg 49.6±14.1 54.2±10.9 4.6 0.36

Sheffield et al. 2013 (48)

17±1.3 F:15 Tr SMR 1 NR NR 3 NR Hams AKE left leg 49±10 52±9.2 3 0.31

Skarabot et al. 2015 (49)

15.3±1 M:6

F:5

Tr FR 3 30 15 NR 100 PF DF 14.5±3.2 14.9±3.4 0.4 0.12

Skarabot et al. 2015 (49)

15.3±1 M:6

F:5

Tr FR 3 30 15 NR 100 PF DF (post 10

min)

14.5±3.2 14.7±3.4 0.2 8.64

Smith et al.

2018 (50)

22±3 M:8

F:21

RA: 23 UT: 6

FR 3 30 30 2 NR Glutes,

Hams, Quads, Calf

Sit & Reach (post 5 min)

7.0±5.7 9±7.1 28.5 0.31

Smith et al.

2018 (50)

22±3 M:8

F:21

RA: 23 UT: 6

FR 3 30 30 2 NR Glutes,

Hams, Quads, Calf

Sit & Reach (post 10 min)

7.0±5.7 10.8±7.8 40.0 0.41

Smith et al.

2019 (51)

F:21.3±2 M:21.7±1.7

F:18 M:26

NR FR 3 30 NR 60

bpm

Body mass

PF DF ROM 32.5±2.6 34.4±2.5 5.8 0.74

Su et al.

2017 (52)

21.4±1.7 M:15 F:15

RA FR 3 30 NR 15 100 Quads,

Hams

KF 119.1±16.5 130.3±13.8 9.4 0.73

Sullivan et al. 2013 (53)

M:22±1 F:23±5

M:4 F:5

RA RM 1 5 NR 120

bpm

13 kg Hams Sit & Reach 31.2±4.8 32.4±5.2 3.8 0.24

Sullivan et al. 2013 (53)

M:22±1 F:23±5

M:4 F:5

RA RM 1 10 NR 120

bpm

13 kg Hams Sit & Reach 31.4±4.4 32.8±2.1 4.4 0.43

Vigotsky et al. 2015 (54)

M:21±1.63 F:22.06

±3.84

M:7 F:16

H FR 2 60 30 NR NR Anterior

Thigh

Hip Extension 4.2±7.8 6.1±7.8 1.9 0.24

Vigotsky et al. 2015 (54)

M:21±1.63 F:22.06

±3.84

M:7 F:16

H FR 2 60 30 NR NR Anterior

Thigh

KF 51.5±8.2 50.1±8.7 -1.4 -.16

Wilke et al.

2019 (55)

44.9±20.6 M:

84 F:85

NR SMR 1 120 NR NR 30 Plantar

Aponeurosis

Sit & Reach 24.9±9.7 27.4±9.3 10.04 1.1

Wilke et al.

2019 (56)

25±2 M:7

F:10

RA FR 4 45 30 60

bpm

60-70 Anterior Thigh

KF NR NR Unchan

ged

NR

Wilke et al.

2019 (56)

25±2 M:7

F:10

RA FR 4 45 30 6 bpm 60-70 Anterior

Thigh

KF NR NR Unchan

ged

NR Ye et al.

2019 (57)

M:24±4 F:21±1

M:

13 F:21

RA FR 10 30 30 1 NR Hams PHF

(contralateral)

68.3±21 73.2±23.2 7.17 0.22

Yildiz et al.

2018 (58)

22.64 ±20.6 M:42 Tr FR 1 450 15 NR NR Glutes, Hip

Flexors, Adductors, Quads, Hams, Gastro

Sit & Reach 24.3±5.2 35.9±2.6 47.7 2.9

Yoshimura et al. 2019 (59)

21.5±1.3 M:

22

NR FR 3 60 30 0.8 15-35%

Body Mass

Gastro DF 26±10 33±13 26.9 0.61

Yoshimura et al. 2019 (59)

21.5±1.3 M:

22

NR FR 3 60 30 0.8 15-35%

Body Mass

Gastro PF 41±6 45±4 9.7 0.8

Young et al. 2018 (60)

M: 26±3 F:25±3

M:7 F:5

RA RM 4 30 30 NR 70 RF Hip Flexion 65.8±9.5 63.7±9.3 -3.19 -.22

References

1. Aune, AAG, Bishop, C, Turner, AN, et al. Acute and chronic effects of foam rolling vs eccentric exercise on ROM and force output of the plantar flexors. J Sports Sci: 1-8, 2018.

2. Behm, DG, Wiseman, S, Halperin, I. Use of topical analgesic and rolling alone or in combination does not increase flexibility, pain pressure threshold, and fatigue endurance—a repeated-measures randomized, within-subjects, exploratory study. J Perform Health Res 2(1): 19-26, 2018.

3. Beier, Z, Earp, I, Korak, JA. Self-myofascial release does not improve back squat range of motion, alter muscle activation, or aid in perceived recovery 24-hours following lower body resistance training. Int J Exerc Sci 12(3): 839-846, 2019.

4. Bradbury-Squires, DJ, Noftall, JC, Sullivan, KM, et al. Roller-massager application to the quadriceps and knee-joint range of motion and neuromuscular efficiency during a lunge. J Athl Train 50(2): 133-40, 2015.

5. Capobianco, RA, Almuklass, AM, Enoka, RM. Manipulation of sensory input can improve stretching outcomes. Eur J

Sport Sci 18(1): 83-91, 2018.

6. Cheatham, SW, Kolber, MJ, Cain, M. Comparison of video-guided, live instructed, and self-guided foam roll

interventions on knee joint range of motion and pressure pain threshold: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Sports Phys Ther 12(2):

242-249, 2017.

7. Cheatham, SW, Stull, KR. Comparison of three different density type foam rollers on knee range of motion and pressure pain threshold: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Sports Phys Ther 13(3): 474-482, 2018.

8. Cheatham, SW, Stull, KR. Roller massage: comparison of three different surface type pattern foam rollers on passive knee range of motion and pain perception. J Bodyw Mov Ther 23(3): 555-560, 2019.

9. Cheatham, SW, Stull, KR. Roller massage: difference in knee joint range of motion and pain perception among experienced and nonexperienced individuals after following a prescribed program. J Sport Rehabil: 1-8, 2019.

10. Cho, SH, Kim, SH, Park, DJ. The comparison of the immediate effects of application of the suboccipital muscle

inhibition and self-myofascial release techniques in the suboccipital region on short hamstring. J Phys Ther Sci 27(1): 195-197, 2015.

11. Couture, G, Karlik, D, Glass, SC, Hatzel, BM. The effect of foam rolling duration on hamstring range of motion. Open Orthop J 9: 450-455, 2015.

12. de Souza, A, Sanchotene, CG, Lopes C, et al. Acute effect of 2 self-myofascial release protocols on hip and ankle range of motion. J Sport Rehabil 28(2): 159-164, 2019.

13. Do, KK, Kim, J, Yim, J. Acute effect of self-myofascial release using a foam roller on the plantar fascia on hamstring and lumbar spine superficial back line flexibility. Phys Ther Rehabil Sci 7(1): 35-40, 2018.

14. Fairall, RR, Cabell, L, Boergers, RJ, Battaglia, F. Acute effects of self-myofascial release and stretching in overhead athletes with GIRD. J Bodyw Mov Ther 21(3): 648-652, 2017.

15. Garcia-Gutierrez, MT, Guillen-Rogel, P, Cochrane, DJ, Marin, PJ. Cross transfer acute effects of foam rolling with vibration on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 18(2): 262-7, 262018.

16. Grabow, L, Young, JD, Alcock, LR, et al. Higher quadriceps roller massage forces do not amplify range-of-motion increases or impair strength and jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 3059-3069, 2018.

17. Grabow, L, Young, JD, Byrne, JM, Granacher, U, Behm, DG. Unilateral rolling of the foot did not affect non-local range of motion or balance. J Sports Sci Med 16(2): 209-218, 2017.

18. Grieve, R, Goodwin, F, Alfaki, M, et al. The immediate effect of bilateral self myofascial release on the plantar surface of the feet on hamstring and lumbar spine flexibility: A pilot randomised controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 19(3): 544-552, 2015.

19. Grieve, R, Cranston, A, Henderson, A, et al. The immediate effect of triceps surae myofascial trigger point therapy on restricted active ankle joint dorsiflexion in recreational runners: a crossover randomised controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 17(4):

453-461, 2013.

20. Hall M, Chadwick Smith, J. The effects of an acute bout of foam rolling on hip range of motion on different tissues. Int

J Sports Phys Ther 13(4): 652-660, 2018.

21. Halperin, I, Aboodarda, SJ, Button, DC, Andersen, LL, Behm, DG. Roller massager improves range of motion of plantar flexor muscles without subsequent decreases in force parameters. Int J Sports Phys Ther 9(1): 92-102, 2014.

22. Henning, CJS, Stovern, O, Porcari, JP, et al. The acute effects of foam rolling on ankle and knee range of motion, hamstring flexibility, agility, and vertical jump height. Int J Res Ex Phys 14(2): 44-54, 2019.

23. Hodgson, DD, Lima, CD, Low, JL, Behm, DG. Four weeks of roller massage training did not impact range of motion, pain pressure threshold, voluntary contractile properties or jump performance. Int J Sports Phys Ther 13(5): 835-845, 2018.

24. Hodgson, DD, Quigley, PJ, Whitten, JHD, Reid, JC, Behm, DG. Impact of 10-minute interval roller massage on performance and active range of motion. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1512-1523, 2017.

25. Junker, DH, Stoggl, TL. The foam roll as a tool to improve hamstring flexibility. J Strength Cond Res 29(12): 3480- 3485, 2015.

26. Kelly, S. & Beardsley, C. Specific and Cross-over Effects of Foam Rolling on Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion. Int J Sports Phys Ther 11: 544-51, 2016.

27. Killen, BS, Zelizney, KL, Ye, X. Crossover effects of unilateral static stretching and foam rolling on contralateral hamstring flexibility and strength. J Sport Rehabil 28(6): 1-27, 2018.

28. Kim, DH, Kim, TH, Jung, DY, Weon, JH. Effects of the Gaston technique and self-myofascial release on the range of motion of a knee joint. J Korean Soc Phys Med 9(4): 455-463, 2014.

29. Krause, F, Wilke, J, Niederer, D, Vogt, L, Banzer, W. Acute effects of foam rolling on passive stiffness, stretch sensation and fascial sliding: A randomized controlled trial. Hum Mov Sci 67: 102514, 2019.

30. Kyranoudis, AA, Arsenis, S, Ispyrlidis, I, et al. The acute effects of combined foam rolling and static stretching program on hip flexion and jumping ability in soccer players. J Phys Educ Sport 19(2): 1164-1172, 2019.

31. Le Gal, J, Begon, M, Gillet, B, Rogowski, I. Effects of self-myofascial release on shoulder function and perception in adolescent tennis players. J Sport Rehabil 27(6): 530-535, 2018.

32. Madoni, SN, Costa, PB, Coburn, JW, Galpin, AJ. Effects of foam rolling on range of motion, peak torque, muscle activation, and the hamstrings-to-quadriceps strength ratios. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 1821-30, 2018.

33. Markovic, G. Acute effects of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization vs. foam rolling on knee and hip range of motion in soccer players. J Bodyw Mov Ther 19(4): 690-696, 2015.

34. MacDonald, GZ, Penney, MD, Mullaley, ME, et al. An acute bout of self-myofascial release increases range of motion without a subsequent decrease in muscle activation or force. J Strength Cond Res 27(3): 812-821, 2013.

35. Mohr, AR, Long, BC, Goad, CL. Effect of foam rolling and static stretching on passive hip-flexion range of motion. J Sport Rehabil 23(4): 296-299, 2014.

36. Monteiro, ER, de Oliviera Muniz Cunha, JC, da Silva Novaes, G, et al. Quadriceps and hamstrings foam rolling and

stretching increases passive shoulder range-of-motion. J Perform Health Res 2(4): 14, 2018.

37. Monteiro, ER, Neto, VG. Effect of different foam rolling volumes on knee extension fatigue. Int J Sports Phys Ther 11(7): 1076-1081, 2016.

38. Monterio, ER, Novaes, J, Cavanaugh, MT, et al. Quadriceps foam rolling and rolling massage increases hip flexion and extension passive range-of-motion. J Bodyw Mov Ther 23: 575-580, 2019.

39. Monterio, ER, Vigotsky, AD, Novaes, JD, Skarabot. Acute effects of different anterior thigh self-massage on hip range-of-motion in trained men. Int J Sports Phys Ther 13: 104-113, 2018.

40. Murray, AM, Jones, TW, Horobeanu, C, Turner, AP, Sproule, J. Sixty seconds of foam rolling does not affect functional flexibility or change muscle temperature in adolescent athletes. Int J Sports Phys Ther 11(5): 765-776, 2016.

41. Patel, DGV, Vyas, NJ, Sheth, MS. Immediate effect of application of bilateral self myofascial release on the plantar surface of the foot on hamstring and lumbar spine flexibility: A quasi-experimental study. Int J Ther Appl 32: 94-9, 2016.

42. Phillips, J, Diggin, D, King, DL, Sforzo, GA. Effect of varying self-myofascial release duration on subsequent athletic performance. J Strength Cond Res: 2018.

43. Richman, ED, Tyo, BM, Nicks, CR. Combined effects of self-myofascial release and dynamic stretching on range of motion, jump, sprint, and agility performance. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1795-1803, 2019.

44. Romero-Franco, N, Romero-Franco, J, Jimenez-Reyes, P. Jogging and practical-duration foam-rolling exercisies and range of motion, proprioception, and vetical jump in athletes. J Athl Train 54(11): 1171-1178, 2019.

45. Romero-Moraleda, B, Gonzalez-Garcia, J, Cuellar-Rayo, A, et al. Effects of vibration and non-vibration foam rolling on recovery after exercise with induced muscle damage. J Sports Sci Med 18(1): 172-180, 2019.

46. Sagiroglu ISA, Ali, SS, Ates, O, Kurt, C. Acute effect of self myofascial release exercise volume to vertical jump performance and flexibility in well-trained women volleyball players. Int Academic J Sports, Health Med Sci 25: 74-85, 2015.

47. Serra-Ano, P, Ingles, M, Bou-Catala, C, Iraola-Lliso, A, Espi-Lopez, GV. Effectiveness of myofascial release after breast cancer surgery in women undergoing conservative surgery and radiotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer 27(7): 2633-2641, 2019.

48. Sheffield, KC. The immediate effects of self-myofascial release on female footballers. Is it beneficial for hamstring flexibility? SportEx Dynamics 38: 12-17, 2013.

49. Skarabot, J, Beardsley, C, Stirn, I. Comparing the effects of self-myofascial release with static stretching on ankle range-of-motion in adolescent athletes. Int J Sports Phys Ther 10(2): 203-212, 2015.

50. Smith, JC, Pridgeon, B, Hall, MC. Acute effect of foam rolling and dynamic stretching on flexibility and jump height. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2209-2215, 2018.

51. Smith, JC, Washell, BR, Aini, MF, Brown, S, Hall, MC. Effects of static stretching and foam rolling on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 51(8): 1752-1758, 2019.

52. Su, H, Chang, NJ, Wu, WL, Guo, LY, Chu, IH. Acute effects of foam rolling, static stretching, and dynamic stretching

during warm-ups on muscular flexibility and strength in young adults. J Sport Rehabil 26(6): 469-477, 2017.

53. Sullivan, KM, Silvey, DB, Button, DC, Behm, DG. Roller-massager application to the hamstrings increases sit-and- reach range of motion within five to ten seconds without performance impairments. Int J Sports Phys Ther 8(3): 228-36, 2013.

54. Vigotsky, AD, Lehman, GJ, Contreras, B, et al. Acute effects of anterior thigh foam rolling on hip angle, knee angle, and rectus femoris length in the modified Thomas test. PeerJ 3: e1281, 2015.

55. Wilke, J, Kalo, K, Niederer, D, Vogt, L, Banzer, W. Gathering hints for myofascial force transmission under in vivo conditions: are remote exercise effects age dependent? J Sport Rehabil 28(7):758-763, 2019.

56. Wilke, J, Niemeyer, P, Niederer, D, Schleip, R, Banzer, W. Influence of foam rolling velocity on knee range of motion and tissue stiffness: a randomized, controlled crossover trial. J Sport Rehabil 28(7): 711-715, 2019.

57. Ye, X, Killen, BS, Zelizney, KL, Miller, WM, Jeon, S. Unilateral hamstring foam rolling does not impair strength but the rate of force development of the contralateral muscle. PeerJ 7: e7028, 2019.

58. Yildiz, M. An acute bout of self myofascial release increases flexibility without a concomitant deficit in muscle performance in football players. Int J Physio 5(3): 92-97, 2018.

59. Yoshimura, A, Inami, T, Schleip, R, et al. Effects of self-myofascial release using a foam roller on range of motion and morphological changes in muscle: a crossover study. J Strength Cond Res: 2019.

60. Young, JD, Spence, AJ, Behm, DG. Roller massage decreases spinal excitability to the soleus. J Appl Physiol 124(4):

950-959, 2018.