Alumni iullrtiu
Vol. IX. Indianapolis, Indiana, May, 1926. No. 3
OUR SUMMER SESSION
Once again Camp Brosius call the Normal College Alumni to the beautiful shores of Elkhart Lake. Spring is here, and the warm summer days will not lag far behind. It is during these hot months of the year that the climate of Wisconsin is appreciated. All who have been at Camp Brosius before agree that no better place can be found for combin- ing work and play, study and recrea- tion.
The summer session will begin June 28 and end July 31. It will be under the direction of Mr. W. A. Stecher.
Graduates will have the opportunity to make five semestet hours' credit toward advanced standing, in Educational So- ciology (2 hours) and Administration and Supervision of Physical Education (3 hours). The former course will be given by Mr. Fred Schnell, A. M. The Normal College is particularly pleased to be able to announce that Mr. Stecher will give the course in Administration and Supervision. It will be based on the procedure prevailing in the Philadelphia public schools, and is an entirely new course offering much material never be- fore presented. That it will be thorough and complete and will contain much im- portant information, goes without say- ing. It will be of particular interest to administrators of physical education and to teachers who plan preparation in that direction.
Other academic courses to be given this year are, Descriptive Anatomy, by Dr. Edwin N. Kime, and Applied Ana- tomy, by Dr. C. B. Sputh.
The practical work will be in charge of Mr. Otto Eckl, Mr. Paul Krimmel, Miss Clara Ledig, and Mr. August Au- ernheimer. Mr. Ernst Klafs will have charge of the course in swimming and diving.
Thus the Normal College has again prepared to give all those interested in physical education, an opportunity to combine a fine vacation in beautiful sur- roundings with studies and advancement in their profession. We are sure that many who have been there before, will be glad to come back to Camp Brosius, and we hope that they will induce many others to also attend our summer session.
COMMENCEMENT
The closing exersises of the Normal College will be held Thursday evening, May 27, two days before the class goes to Camp Brosius. Dr. Henry N. Sher- wood, State Superintendent of Public In- struction, has consented to speak to the graduates and visitors at this occasion.
Mr. Franklin Vonnegut, President of the Board of Trustees, will present the di- plomas, and Mr. Carl A. Spitzer will be valedictorian. Six students are to re- ceive the degree of Bachelor of Physi- cal Education, twelve are completing the three-year cour e, and nine will receive special diplomas as teachers of physical education.
As usual, the Alumni will give a ban- quet and receive the new graduates as members of the Association. The ban- quet will take place Friday evening, May 28, at 6 o'clock, in the Athenaeum.
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Alumni who wish to attend must notify Mr. Steichmann not later than Wednes- day, May 26.
A demonstration of the graduating class has been scheduled for Friday, May 28, at 3 o'clock p. m.
THE STUDENTS' TOUR Successful' beyond expectations· was the tour of the students which took them to St. Louis, Detroit, Akron, Cleve- land, Buffalo, Pittsburgh and Cincinnati for demonstrations of physical education activities. In each city, large audiences greeted them and showed great interest in the performances. Newspapers almost everywhere gave publicity freely and re- ported most favorably after the event;
many not only published pictures fur- nished them but also sent their staff photographers to take picture~ of the students in action. The team was praised for the splendid work, some papers de- voting several columns to a description.
It was especially gratifying to the Turners and Alumni who arranged the performances that they succeeded in in- teresting teachers, principals, and other educato1·s, and that hundreds of them attended the performances in the vari- ous cities. The following comment taken from a Cleveland paper runs along the same lines as most newspaper articles on the demonstrations:
"The Normal College demonstration at the Western Reserve Gymnasium was a splendid event, and reflects great credit on the faculty and the students of the school. Despite the terrible weather con- ditions, the gymnasium was crowded.
The work of the classes was immensely enjoyed and proved a revelation to the large audience. The execution of the different numbers was faultless and be- yond all criticism and received well earned applause; in fact two of the ac- tivities were repeated by request. The
exhibition has created a strong senti- ment for the Normal College and added to the recognition of the Turnverein work."
One of the students wrote the follow- ing regarding the tour:
"On the morning of Friday, April 9, Dean and Mrs. Emil Rath, Miss Clara Ledig, assistant, and twenty-four stu- dents left Indianapolis at 7 o'clock en- trained for St. Louis. On arriving at 2 p. m., after a most pleasant trip, a reception committee met the group at the train and escorted them immediate- ly to the Roosevelt High School where the first performance of the Tour was given at 2 :30 p. m. The purpose of this demonstration was to stimulate phy- sical education activities among the younger generation of today. An audi- ence of 2500 high school children gasped with amazement as twelve men neatly clad in white jerseys and black trunks ran onto the stage to present funda- mental free exercises, the opening num- ber of the program. To say that the entire performance was a success is to state it mildly. The reaction of the au- dience toward the work was very en- couraging.
"After a sumptuous dinner, the eve- ning performance was given at the Moolah Temple to an appreciative audi- ence of about 1500, many of whom were prominent educators.
"The troupe was then entertained at a midnight luncheon given by the St.
Louis Alumni at the American Hotel.
Here the students learned how physi- cal education was carried on forty years ago.
"The party left St. Louis on Satur- day at noon and arrived in Indianapolis at 7 p. m. to spend a day of rest in preparation for the long leg of the tour.
"On Monday morning the team again assembled at the Indianapolis Union Station to depart for Detroit. Accord-
ALUMNI BULLETIN
ing to instructions of Dean Rath, tlre time of day on the train was divided into one hour of recreation alternated with one hour of rest or study, a very satis- factory and monotony breaking proced- ure. This plan was followed throughout the entire tour. Upon arriving in De- troit, a committee met the group and
by means of cabs, transported them to the Hotel Tuller.
"The evening performance was given at the Cass Technical High School be- fore an audience of 1500 and the dem- onstration was well received. Many old friendships were renewed and new ac- quaintances made in Detroit. The Turn-
MAT2CH MIUTAl'2E ANO
E\/Ef2.:{0NE.s IN STE:;p
What the cartoonist of a Cleveland paper saw at the demon- stration of the Normal College team.
ers entertained the male members of the group.
"Detroit was left behind on Tuesday at 8 a. m. enroute for Akron A stop- over of two hours was made at Cleve- land where a committee met and escort- ed the team to Klein's restaurant for luncheon. The party then proceeded to Akron, arriving there at 4 p. m. Here again they were welcomed by a com- mittee, and taken to Hotel Akron.
"The performance was given in the spacious Goodyear Gymnasium before an audience of 1200. After the perform- ance, the group was entertained by the Alumni, the Akron Turners, and Phi Ep- silon Kappa fraternity at the Akron Turner Hall.
"Cleveland was the next show place of the students and accommodations were reserved by the committee at the Hotel Olmstead. Entertainments for the group before and after the performance were sponsored by the Social Turnverein, Ger- mania Turnverein Vorwaerts, and the College Alumni of Cleveland.
"The largest attendance for any single performance (2600) was recorded at the Western Reserve University Gymnasium, where the demonsti:ation was given. The audience responded very enthusiastical- ly to all numbers. By special request,
everal numbers were repeated.
"The next jump was to Buffalo, where two performances were given at the Broadway Auditorium. The afternoon performance was intended primarily for school children. About 2000 were pres- ent. The evening performance· was at- tended by 1600 very appreciative educa- tors and others. Accommodations were reserved at Ford Hotel. The committee in charge of arrangements in Buffalo was very courteous and fulfilled every possible desire.
"A long and tedious, but interesting journey followed on Friday when the troupe was enroute for the home city
of the Bundes-Vorort. The beautiful country and the destruction wrought by the recent flood of the Allegheny River were viewed with interest by all. The reception committee, as usual, greeted the team, and Fort Pitt Hotel was their home for the evening. All arrangements were sponsored by the College Alumni in Pittsburgh. The performance at Westinghouse High School was wit- nessed by approximately 1200 enthusi- astic followers of physical education.
"Another long journey the following day brought the party to Cincinnati where the program given at the Uni- versity of Cincinnati Gymnasium was again highly approved and well accept- ed. Turner spirit was manifested through cordial welcomes and hospitality. Hotel Sinton was the stopping place of the students. After the performance the party was entertained at the Newport Turnverein in the gymnasium and club rooms.
"On Sunday at 12 p. m. the touring students again set foot in Indianapolis, tired but happy, and enthused over the success of the trip.
"In closing, it is fitting to say that the students are sincerely appreciative of the cordial and sympathetic welcome which was extended to them by Turners, Alumni, and others in every city visited."
The program arranged by Mr. Rath was as follows:
1. a. Marching (entire class) ______ _ March Militaire (Schubert) b. Tactic Exercises on Command
(en tire class).
2. Fundamental Free Exercises (men).
Two forms of execution:
a. Group.
b. Individual.
Demonstrating adaptation of rhy- thmic performance to that of the group and the individual. Funda- mental Free Exercises are exer- cises selected for a clearly and
precisely defined purpose in con- trast to the class of Free Exer- cises given for a general purpose.
They lay a foundation for all forms of vigorous activitie . 3. a. Exercises on Side Horse.
b. Vaulting exercises on Long Horse, and Tumbling. (Women).
4. Running Drill with Groupings (men) Twinkling Star (Lincke) 5. Club Swinging (women) ________ _
Valse Brillante An unusual form of exerci es in- volving totality execution (move- ments of the entire body) and dance steps.
6. a. Various Forms of High Jumping.
b. Exercises on the Parallel Bar.
(Men).
7. Lyric Gymna tics (entire clas ).
a. Scales of arm positions.
b. Legato movements and holds.
c. Adagio movements.
d. Allegro staccato movements.
e. Scales as arm positions, pulling movements.
f. Legato movements.
Lyric Gymnastics is a type of rhythmic work using music as a basis for selection. It is intended primarily for boys and men. The exercises, however, may be done by girls and women. There is no stereotyped form of execution used, although the general man- ner of performance may give that imp1·ession. The movements are of such type that full freedom of individual execution is maintained in the group action. In that re- spect, it admits to some extent of self-expression, or to what is perhaps better designated as plas- tic expression. All movements in- volve the entire body.
8. Dancing as an Art of Self-Expres- sion.
a. Balloon Dance (women)_--- Liebesfreud (Kreisler) b. Scarf Dance (women) ________ _
Scarf Dance (Chaminade) c. Modern Self-Expression-What?
(Men and women.)
With reference to self-expression, dancing may be divided into what may be termed, in lieu of better names, creative dancing, of which the above are examples, and repro- duced dancing, of which clog danc- ing, The Waltz Ballet, and The Second Hungarian Rhapsody are examples. In the former, the pupil responds with natural move- ments to a mu ical composition, to its parts, phrases, motives, and note values, and creates his own patterns for action. He may final-
;. ly uperimpo e an emotional quality or an idea as a motive for the dance. Creative dancing ad- mits of the fullest di play of elf- expre sion. In reproduced danc- ing, individual expression can never have full freedom because.
of the instructor's influence and the effect of the usual stereotyped methods of teaching employed.
9. Clog Dancing: "Dixie", and others (men and women).
A humorous phase of physical edu- cation.
10. Andante Cantabile Movements (men) _______ Melodie (Huerter) A type of composition based on the Lyric Gymnastic Work.
11. Second Hungarian Rhapsody (dance by Louis H. Chalif) (men and women) Second Hungarian Rhapsody ________________ (Liszt) 12. Vaulting over Buck, Horse and
Men (men).
13. The Strauss Waltz Ballet (women) Tales from Vienna Woods (Strauss)
NORMAL COLLEGE ALUMNI AT NEW ARK CONVENTION Graduates of our school who attended the convention met for a luncheon at the Achtel Stetter, Friday, May 14th.
Some very interesting informal talks were given by various members of the gToup. Mr. Rath spoke on the merit of the course given by the ormal Col- lege and its standing in the state of the Union. The other talks were given by Mr. Allen and Mr. Delaporte. Besides the speeches made, everyone exchanged views regarding the phase of work in which they were now interested.
Our college had a fine representation from many states of the Union. Next year we hope to have an even greater representation, as the convention will be held in Des Moines, Iowa. The gradu- ates present at the luncheon were as follows:
Lucille Hanks, Bayonne, N. J.; Flor- ence Koenig, ·Reading, Pa.; Alvina Lieb- mann, Baltimore, Md.; Bessie Mason, Reading, Pa.; Edna Meyer, Baltimore, Md.; Minerva Stern, Slippery Rock, Pa.;
Harry Allen, Philadelphia, Pa.; Carl H.
Burkhardt, Buffalo, N. Y.; Dr. Fritz Burger, Kansas City, Mo.; E. C. Dela- porte, Chicago, Ill.; Fred Foertsch, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Emanuel Haug, New York, N. Y.; E. Hofmeister, Buffalo, N.
Y.; Fritz Krimmel, New York, N. Y.;
Henry Kumpf, Buffalo, N. Y.; Mathias Macherey, Newark, N. J.; Larry Molis, Kansas City, Mo.; Dr. Fred Maroney, Atlantic City, N. J.; G. Wm. Mueller, Philadelphia, Pa.; Emil Rath, Indian- apolis, Ind.; John E. Schmidlin, Eliza- beth, N. J.; Herman Seibert, Bayonne, N. J.; Fred Wiebesick, Elizabeth, N. J.;
Otto A. Wurl, Council Bluffs, Ia.; L.
Zwarg, Philadelphia, Pa.
PHI EPSILON KAPP A.
With the closing of another chool year, Phi Epsilon Kappa feels it has passed through one of the most uccess- ful y_cars of its existence. It has pro- g-ressed both nationally and locally. We are proud to state that two new chap- ters have come into our fold. Also we are proud of our home-yes, it is a real home, including a table. Our table, our newest effort, is something to be proud of, and too much credit cannot be given our ex-President, Walter Scherbaum, and our capable ex-Steward, Samuel Blumer, fol' their ceaseless efforts to make the project a success. Our sleeping quarters have been placed in first-class condition, including painting. New linoleum ha been laid in our dining room.
The election of officers was held and the following men were chosen to direct Alpha Chapter for the coming year:
President, C. Leslie Boehmer; Vice-presi- dent, Ralph Duquin; Secretary, Herbert Suedmeyer; Treasurer, Henry Thayer;
Historian-Editor, Ernest A. Senkewitz;
Guide, J. Edward Hille; Serg ant-at- Arm , Edward Mumenthaler; Hou e Manager, Henry Thayer; A sistant House Manager, Ralph Duquin; Board of Trustees, Ernest A. Senkewitz, Her- man Freuck, Edward Hille; House Treas- urer, William Hubbard; Steward, John Garner.
Alpha Chapter is glad to. predict a hopeful and cheery outlook. The broth- ers feel confident that under the leader- ship of President Boehmer the record of our past President Scherbaum will be equalled-a task indeed. To our ex-Pres- ident Scherbaum we are deeply indebted for his faithful and tireless services in directing the destinies of Alpha Chapter for the past year.
On Saturday, March 20th, Alpha Chap- ter gave its annual dance at Hotel Lin-
ALUMNI BULLETIN coln. We came as close to fundamental
rhythms as possible with the assistance of a colored orchestra.
On Tuesday, April 20th, Alpha Chap- ter united with the Indianapoli Alumni, in the Blue Room of the Athenaeum, to celebrate Founder ' day. An enjoyable time was had by all. Especially appre- ciated were the jokes of the Alumni, and the TOugh initiation of Pledge Schweit- zer, who also took his full degree the same evening .. The delegates of the na- tional convention reported, and needless to say Alpha i overjoyed by the re-el c- tion of Brother Dr. Sputh to the office of Grand President. To Dr. Sputh's efforts can be traced the pre ent high standing of Phi Epsilon Kappa.
Phi Epsilon Kappa, Alpha Chapter, wishes to thank most sincerely all Brother , Alumni and friends of the col- lege for their kindest and most cordial treatment extended the brothers on the tour. A real brotherhood spirit was manifested and Alpha is indeed proud of its alumni.
To all those affiliated with or inter- ested in Phi Ep ilon Kappa, Alpha ex- tends its heartiest wi hes for a most
uccessful and enjoyable summer vaca- tion.
PERSONALS
The reason for Carl Baumann's many vi its to Indianapolis since his gradu- ation last year became evident when an- nouncement was received of his mar- riage to Miss Frieda Kosfeld. The wed- ding took place here on April 5.
Robert Pegel, '25, who entered the Chicago school service as teacher in an elementary school, has already been pro- moted to a position in Lane Technical High School.
"I enclose $2 for thi year's dues and for a copy of the song book. I wa reminded of my obligation by The Alum- ni Bulletin, which came today. I can not express how much I enjoyed it and how it bring back fond memorie of ormal College days."-Laura Elder, '25.
Lucille Rendel, '22, wa married in August of last year to P. L. Bruck and lives in Toledo.
After teaching at the New Ulm Tui-n- verein for three year , Fred aumann, '21, took charge of the work at the As- cension Club of Minneapolis and also took with him a ew Ulm girl to whom he was married last year.
"After receiving The Alumni Bulletin and reading it from cover to cover, I always have the desire to write all my past history and send it to the editor of The Bulletin. I tru t that The Bul- letin will be no less interesting to me when the last of the tudents with whom I was at college shall have graduated.
I returned to Skinner Junior High School last fall as chairman of the physical ed- ucation department. I felt very happy with my place last year and the work is continuing just as pleasant this year.
The chool contains two swimming pools which have been opened to the public at night and so I have organized a number of regular classe and am teaching them to swim. My work during the wee~' i evenly divided between teaching in the pool and then in the gymna ium. I have been taking exten ion work continually since leaving the Normal College, and last summer I attended an entire quarter session of the Colorado State Teachers' College. I have already made arrange- ments to go there again this summer· with a few more hours I will receive ~ Bachelor's degree from the Teacher ' College, and then I will work for a Bachelor's degree from the Normal Col- lege."-Albert F. Helms, '24.
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ALUMNI BULLETIN
Published three timel'I a. yea.r at In- dianapolis, Ind., in November, Feb·
ruary, and May, by The Alumni Association ot the Normal College ot the American Gymnastic Union.
0WNmR8: ALUMNI ABBOCU.TION Oi' THI: NOR- MAL COLL.lllGBI OP' THE AMERICAN GYMNASTIC UNION.
Price 60 Cents a Year Address a:ll Communications to
ALUMNI BULLETIN
416 Eal'lt Michigan St., Indianapolis, Ind.
THE BULLETIN
This issue of The Bulletin has been abbreviated. The reasons for this are two. The editor has found it impossible to collect sufficient material or to write at sufficient length to fill the usual six- teen page issue. The members of the association for the most part, have failed to cooperate in sending in articles. The pressure of closing weeks of school has also made it impossible for the editor to devote much time to the preparation of articles.
If the association wishes The Alumni Bulletin to maintain its high standard and possibly gradually raise its standard, it is imperative that the members assist, either by sending in original articles, personals and the like, or by submitting articles written by others which they think would be of general interest. Let us all join together and determine that this situation will not arise again, do- ing our share to prevent it by contribut- ing such articles as we think might be
of interest. -G. J. A.
THE SONG BOOK
The song book is going to be published.
We are sure that you will consider this good news if you have sent in your ubscription, and especially if in addi- tion to the subscription you have sent words and music of songs that are par-
ticularly pleasing to you. If you haven't done either of these things, get your subscription in at once so as to be among the first to receive the book. The com- mittee, consisting of Mr. Wm. K. Streit, 22 East Sixth St., Newport, Ky., and Miss Clara Ledig, Normal College, has been busy collecting material and is now making a last appeal, so if you have any favorites you want included, send on the words and, if possible, the music score.
Our treasurer, Mr. Curt Toll, 326 Riley Ave., stands ready to receive your dollar at any time, the sooner the better.
'1 HE USEFULNESS OF EDUCA- TION AL RESEARCH.
The educational world will not be able to cope with the great task that lies be- fore it, nor can it develop its many branches unless its superintendents, prin- cipals, supervisors and especially its teachers are equipped to solve their own problems for themselves. This can and is being done to some extent by educa- tional research.
Research technique and experimental methods, however, are only known by a relative few. Psychologists have always been interested in such methods and now bureaus of research have been established in a number of places, but at that, what is needed most is for the teacher herself to become a research worker.
The teacher has the material at hand to work with-the pupils, and has large enough numbers at her command to make worth-while investigations which will produce conclusive results. Ques- tions of program making and class room technique will be thrown open to inves- tigation and thus the old methods will either be proved or new ones devised.
Instead of having University students for subjects, the children to whom the results will be applied, will be the sub- jects. Then too, in the class room the
teacher often has conditions for much more fundamental and satisfactory ex- periments than if conducted purely in a psychological laboratory. The teacher is also better able to follow up the find- ings and this will yield greater returns.
Applications may be made to the very persons for whom the data was secured.
Research as such is not a mere ap- pendix to the general proce ses of sci- ence. Research is the reproductive process of science itself. Science grows as there are researches made, hence, a larger number of competent people work- ing in the field will make for greater im- provements.
Experimentation ploughs up the men- tal field. Teachers join the pupils in becoming question askers. They become alert and alive to the truth, sincere and open minded. It is the absence of just such stirrings of the mental soil which is responsible for the supposed fact that teachers fail to improve after years of experience. Another one of the values of research is that it actually pays in terms of cash. McCall states that tbru educational research, one year of school time can be saved for each pupil in the United States, amounting to an eco- nomic saving of three billion dollars, or twice as much as the annual cost of ed- ucation at the present time. The na- tion, the school system, the individual school and the pupil are benefited. He also points out that it also pays an in- dividual financially to engage in re- search.
The teacher and the teacher's calling is benefited by research work. The teacher actually gets a different "kick"
out of doing a thing by herself than if the results are merely handed down.
She retains a fresh point of view, and acquires a spirit of inquiry and open minded alertness. It makes her expert as a teacher and leads her to seek prob- lems and to do something in their solu- tion. She becomes accurate, inventive,
independent, thoughtful, industrious, purposeful, and elf confident. She has children to study-not merely bugs, tones, books and etc.,-but the most interesting of all materials, human beings. And likewi e, she deals with the most engaging period, childhood and youth. The children present to her in- numerable intere ting aspects, yet each i different in strength, talent, character, origin, growth and need. If teaching children is to include studying them, the job of teaching takes on a new mean- ing.
In planning an experiment, it is nec- es ary to think it through carefully be- fore doing any actual work in collecting facts and figures. The student should go through every step of the process mentally and have his procedure thoroughly organized. At the same time, his plan must be plastic and per- mit of variation as one encounters new problems.
The selection of a problem amounts to a great deal. One should be or be- come a scholar in a specialty. One should read, listen and work critically and reflectively, reacting on every sit- uation with a question mark. Every obstacle must be considered an oppor- tunity for the exercise of ingenuity and not an insuperable barrier. When a re- sear~h is once started, a number of other problems will grow ·out of it. Another way to find a problem is not to lose the one already found and this can best be done by keeping a record of "mental flashes" and "inspirations" and filing these ideas and problems.
Some of the elements in good research are:
1. Clear and accurate statement and limitations of a problem.
2. Knowing the background of the problem.
3. Standardizing and controlling tech nique.
4. Getting results in organized sta- tistical fashion.
5. Giving statement of significance of fact .
Some intellectural immoTalities are, carelessness in observations, inaccuracy, slovenliness in logic, generalizing be- yond one's data, confusing opinions with knowledge, too much confidence in re-
·ults, contentment in discussion, poor judgment exercised with re earch plans, wavering interest, flitting attention and superficiality, rushing to new theories when old ones are not proved useless and invention of new theories to fit one's position.
There are three types of formulation of a problem. The first is the fl.uttering type-one that reaches in an directions and flies in none. The second is the "pot hole" type in which there is absence of a general plan with no mental reaching for larger implications. The third is the scholarly type which perceives the larger meaning of each minute investi- gation. First there is a large goal and then it is broken into narrow, specific problems.
A bibliographical survey is neccessary in the beginning-immediately after the problem has been selected. This is ad- visable because the problem may have been investigated before, it will suggest additional, incidental problems, it will help by offering suggestions of proced- ure and it provides material which will be needed in describing the experiment.
Collecting facts does not constitute all of educational research. It is only one phase of the procedure. After clear definition of the problem, in which there is a precise statement of all questions to be answered, the data must be exam- ined critically. The objective quality does not insure either accuracy or valid- ity. One cannot be unscientific either in collecting or using objective data.
Finally, the research worker must main- tain a critical attitude throughout his
interpetation of his data and in the ver- ification of hypotheses.
Few if any such question which re- quire the determination of what proce- dure "should be" employed in the school can be answered merely by collect- ing and tabulating objective facts. The answers must at least be derived in part from principles and theories in psycho- logy, sociology, ethics and philosophy.
"In our enthusiam for research" says Monroe, "we are moving toward a blind following of announced re ults of inves- tigations labeled cientific and a period of little progress in education."
There is ample evidence of a tendency to accept as valid the pronouncements of investigators who have assembled an elaborate array of objective facts which in turn have been subjected to elab- orate statistical treatment. There seem to be much reverence for such work, particularly if the statistical treat- ment is so technical and intricate that the reader does not understand it. If the investigator labels his work as sci- entific, many reader accept it as valid because of this label.
Teachers who have participated in in- vestigations by collecting and organizing facts frequently announce that the ques- tion which they have been studying has been settled for all time. The true re- search worker must not consider his con- clusions more valid than is justifiable.
Hence, it is necessary to recognize the limitations of research and to cultivate an attitude toward it.
A useful body of information is rap- idly heing accumulated in the field of ed- ucation. We have attained a more thorough understanding of the problems studied and have been ~timulated to clearer thinking about them. The pub- lished results will have a similar effect on those who read them and hence edu- cational research is in a position to make important contributions.
What is true in purely educational
circles is also true of physical education.
There is opportunity for much investiga- tion and research in our own chosen field. The surface has hardly been scratched. Let us apply ourselves to this task and be of some real worth to our profession.
W. K. STREIT.
DELTA PSI KAPPA
Psi Kaps have been more than busy since Christmas thinking and planning for Convention, which will be held at Los Angeles, California, in July. LaFern Amos and Helen Young, our represent- atives, are looking up every possible time-table, and are anxiously awaiting the time when they take a train for the
"Land of Sunshine."
On April 21st our alums and active girls were invited to the home of our Grand President, Mrs. Albert Metzger, for dinner. Needless to say, we had a wonderful time playing games and think- ing and talking of all our sisters who could not be there.
April 24th found all Psi Kaps wear- ing the gold and blue beneath their pins, which signified that a new chapter at Dallas, Texas, had come into our bonds.
Alpha installed her new officers for the coming year on the night of May 12.
The new officers are: Presi.dent, Helen Young; chaplain, "Frat" Brallier; vice- president, "Jo" Hollingsworth; recording secretary, "Katy" Wolf; corresponding secretary, "Pat" Wolff; treasurer, "Em"
Wagner; chapter reporter, Priscilla Lockwood; sergeant-at-arms, "Fern"
Amos; historian, Erma Thorup.
Now-Camp! We are thinking only of the wonderful times we will have togeth- er in those short weeks at Camp Brosius and not of the parting of the ways,
which will come at the end of June. W hope to see you Sisters while we are up there. Remember your pleasant hours
·and come back and enjoy more wonder- ful hours with us.
IN MEMORIAM
After devoting a life-time to further- ing· physical education, Fritz Knorr went to the Great Beyond at the end of April. For thirty-three years he direct- ed the classes of the Turnverein in Law- rence, Mass., and for many years he also had charge of the playgrounds of that city. He came to this country at an early age but already interested in phy- sical training which he later chose for his profession. His untiring efforts in the cause of physical education led the Board of Trustees of the Normal Col- lege to award him an honorary teacher' diploma in 1914.
Margaret Jacobs Hufford, who gradu- ated from the Normal College in 1917 and who was married soon after, died at her home in Elba, N. Y., last year.
OMEGA UPSILON
Omega Upsilon at Station T-H-E-T-A, of Indianapolis, broadcasting-
Our activities since the last report have been rather few. The year seems to have been unusually busy, and other things occupied the time formerly re- served for social affairs.
By means of the tour, we have heard from and seen many of our graduates, who have been placed on the "Never See Again" list, so we all owe a vote of thanks to the promoters of the tour movement.
Convention! The Omega Upsilon Con- vention was held by Gamma Chapter at
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New York City, April 30, May 1-2. Es- telle Andrews, active, who graduated from A. G. U. last year, went as the delegate from Theta. The results were very satisfactory. There were several amendments made, and any of you wish- ing to know about them, write in to Theta.
Saturday, May 1 t, was Omega Me- morial Day, thus the Omega rose on our members.
That same afternoon, Peg and the rest of us paddled up the river for our in- tended steak fry, only it turned out to be a wiener roast. Did we have a good time? Ask us!
Election of new officers resulted in Adele LaDuron taking the presidency, and Blossome Olmsted being future secr.etary-treasurer. The new officers were installed on Wednesday, May 12.
We look forward to another good year, unde1· new leaders.
Camp now seems to hold promises for a repetition of our many good times.
Station T-H-E-T-A now signing off at one-thirty. Goodnight.
PHI DELTA PI
With the coming of spring we all be- gan looking forward to our annal spring dance. Many plans were made and the day was set for May first, the place- the Rainbow room of the Severin Hotel.
May was ushered in with a high tem- perature for the time of the year, but in spite of the heat, many Phi Delts and friends were present and between figur- inO' out what the pecial dances were, which Evelyn Adler and her committee had cleverly planned, and trying to find a cool spot, everyone, from all reports, had a most enjoyable time.
Another important event was the elec- tion of Alpha's new officers for 1926-27.
At installation May 6, Sara Marshall, In- dianapoli , took the chair; Charlotte Eck,
Miami burg, Ohio, became corre ponding secretary, and Clara Simon, Baltimore, treasurer. We wish the new officers every success for the coming year.
Now we are all looking forward to going to camp at Elkhart Lake, and to the swimming, boating and other sports we shall enjoy there.
MUSCULAR ACTIVITY.
Stres and strain studies of muscu- lar activity in order to determine the nature and extent of mechanical effi- ciency are published in Muscular Ac- tivity by A. V. Hill. (Williams and Wil- kin Co., Baltmore.) The work tech- ncal and attempt to find energy-heat equivalents in chemical reactions in the mu cle . The fatiguing
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of muscles and the recovery processe are discussed with much detail and the last lecture advances the term "oxygen debt" to ex- plain the means by which the muscular system can do more work than can be accounted for by their supply of oxygen taken during the period of work. An oxygen debt can pile up durinf tension, he ays, and the period of recovery is the time the muscles require after ceas- ing work to regain the oxygen lost. An oxygen debt of 0.35 per cent in nearly all the muscles is practically the ex- haustion point.
The ability to "go in debt" for oxy- gen requirement is very important in work requiring strenuous effort over short periods. It is indispensable to the athlete~ The limit of activity is reached when lactic acid products ac- cumulate in the muscles owing to the oxygen-intake limitation of the circu- latory and respiratory systems. Rest- ing values of remission periods in strenuous work are thus apparent ..
Lactic acid is the "governor" of oxida- tion, and carbohydrate is the fuel of muscle.
