ish Education
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STKIP West SumateraAN ANALYS$ OF ILLOCUTIONARY ACT BETWEEN BUYER AIYD SELLERAT SIMPAIYG TIGO MARKET PASAMAhI,
WEST SUMATERA
Tri fltami r), Lili Perpisa, S.S, M. Pd2), Yendra S.S, M. Hum 3) t)English
department studento college of teaching training and education (PGRI) West Sumatera
2)Englishdepartmentlecture,",,,3;r#T"mducation(PGRDWestSumatera
3)Englishdepartmentlecture,3,ffi]ffiation(PGRI)WestSumatera
E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT
Illocutionary act is the act of doing something that has particular meaning and purposes. The purpose of this research is to know the types of illocutionary act which is found at Simpang Tigo Market Pasaman, West Sumatera. The researcher chooses the data analysis from milles and hubberman. There are five types ofillocutionary act that found between buyer and seller at Simpang Tigo Market Pasaman, West Sumatera. The design of this research is qualitative research. The source of data of this research is all of buyer and seller's utterance between buyer and seller at Simpang Tigo Market Pasaman. The data of this research is the utterances that contain the illocutionary act from buyer and seller. In collecting the data, the researcher record the conversation between buyer and and seller directly in doing transactional. The researcher took 12 conversations which different buyer and seller, from the lC conversations the researcher found 62 utterances. From 62 Btterances, there found 25 utterances of assertive act, 19 utterances of commisive act, 10 utterances
of
directive act, 5 utterances of expressive act, and 3 utterances of declarations.All
of types of illocutionary act are found in this research. The 5 types of illocutionary act are assertivesiRepresentatives, Directives, Commisives, Expressives, and Declarations.Tindak tutur ilokusi adalah tindak melakukan sesuatu dengan maksud dan fungsi tertentu .
Penelitian
ini
bertujuan untuk mengetahui tipe-.tipe ilokusi apa saja yang yang digunakan antara penjual dan pembeli di pasar simpang tiga Market Pasaman Barat. Peneliti menganalisa tipe-tipe berdasarkan teori milles and hubberman. Ada 5 tipe tindak ilokusi yang digunakan dalam percakapan antara penjual dan pembeli yang ditemukandi
pasar Simpang Tiga Pasaman, Sumatera Barat.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh ujaran yang dituturkan oleh penjual dan pembeli di pasar simpang tiga ophir. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ujaran yang dituturkan oleh penjual dan pembeli dan mengandung tipe tindak tutur ilokusi.
Dalam pengambilan data, peneliti melakukan perekaman video secara langsung pada penjual dan pembeli dalam melakukan transaksi jual beli. Sumber data yang diperoleh sebanyak 12 percakapan antara penjual dan pembeli yang berbeda. Data yang diperoleh sebanyak 62 ujaran. Data yang diperoleh pada saat setelah peneliti melakukan perekaman, diketahui bahwa penjual dan pembeli menggunakan kelima bentuk tindak tutur ilokusi, yaitu: Assertives/Representatives, Directives, Commisive, Expressives and Declarations. Assertif sebanyak 25 data, expresif sebanyak
5
data, komisifsebanyak l9 data" direktifsebanyak 10 dat4 dan deklarasi sebanyak 3 data.Keywords: Illocutionary act, Market, Buyer and Seller.
INTRODUCTION
241
INTRODUCTION
Language is one of tool of communications for human to convey the meaning, purposes, and information to another.
In many forms of communications, people need language to deliver the message and also to express themselve. Without language people will be difficult to understand each other. Language is used by everyone, wherever and whenever, for formal situation or informal situation. As example language that used at office, at home, at school, at the market, and many else. With language, people can do the interaction, primarily buyer and seller, such as for persuading, or bargaining. People express the language through actions or utterances.
Utterances can appear when we do the conversation. Conversation occurs between two people or more. When someone do interaction or conversation there are many things that they are talked. Especially, buyer and seller when do the interaction, both of them use the language to get the agreement, and to achieve the particular meaning and purpose. The interaction or conversation between buyer and seller in the market in particular time and use language as communication tool can be called as speech act.
In Speech act there is contains illocutionary act, illocutionary act is used by buyer and seller at the market. Simpang 3 market Pasaman is a place for interaction between buyer and seller. In that place, the seller sell some various merchandise, such as selling fishes, fruits, rice, clothes, vegetables and many else. Seller doing the communication with buyers use utterance that have the meaning and purpose itself, such as in order the merchandise can be sold. The seller wants to try to persuade the buyer in order to buy the products. In other hand, buyers will try to do something to get they want. Both of them sometimes do offering, complaining, persuading or asking, this also part of Illocutionary act.
Every utterance essentially contains three parts, locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. Speech act can be classified into locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act. From the three acts above, in this research the writer will focus the research at illocutionary act. Illocutionary act is the act of doing something. Besides saying the words the speaker has particular meaning with their words, may be the words or the utterances can be as
command, apology, complaint, compliment, invitation, promise, request, and etc.
Based on the pre-observation at Simpang 3 Ophir market, the writer finds a fact of illocutionary act. There is an example of illocutionary act that happen between buyer and seller at Simpang Tiga Market Pasaman, West Sumatera:
Buyer : Martabak’e siji piro mbak?(How much a slice of Martabak?)
Martabak seller: Siji telung ewu. (One slice of Martabak is three thousand rupiah) Buyer : Loro gk limang ewu to?(How if two
slices of Martabak is five thousand rupiah)
Martabak seller: La, gulone murah tenan lho saiki (The price of sugar is very cheap today)
From this conversation, the researcher can anlyze, the sentence “loro gk limang ewu to” is a requesting. Buyer asks the consideration of the seller about the price or bargain of the prices. This sentence is part of illocutionary act, and type of this illocutionary act is directive.
The expression of “la gulone murah tenan lo saiki” is the expression of refusing. Although, the seller not directly say no to the buyer, but from this sentence indirectly have described the seller refuse to lower the price. These also part of illocutionary act that is commisive.
In this research, the writer chooses the research in Simpang 3 Market Pasaman because in this market is crowded and there are so many of buyer and seller, and when they do the conversation or interaction each other of course there are so many utterances that are used by them. Besides that, In this market there are various ethnic, such as Minangnese, Javanese, and Bataknese, although the majority of buyer and seller is Minangnese, besides that, there are some of buyer and seller speak javanese, meanwhile if the buyers talking use indonesian language, the seller also speaks with indonesian language too. Buyers and seller also come from various differences social backgound, economic, and culture. So, the differences background between buyer and seller, these influence the types of illocutionary act.
RESEARCH METHOD
The design of this research is qualitative method. Participant is in this research is buyer and seller at Simpang 3 Market West Pasaman.
The source of data of this research is all of buyer and seller’s utterances when they do the conversation of buying and selling. The data is the utterances that contain the illocutionary act from buyer and seller. The researcher use observation as instrument to collect the data by doing recording the conversation. In doing the conversation the researcher use recording tool to collect the data. The recording tool which is used by the researcher is spy pen camera and camera digital. The method of data collection in this research is observation. The data collection process as follow: the first, Recording the conversation or communication between buyer and seller using video camera. After record the conversation the researcher transcript the conversation from the video. Then, the researcher Select the data which is used and not used from the conversation. The last,Classify the data by its types. After collecting the data, the researcher analyzes the data. This research use technique of data analysis from Milles and Huberman. According to Milles and Huberman in Daniel (2010:138) qualitative data analysis consist of three components that is: data reduction, data display/presentation, conclusion drawing or verification.
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
This research was done by the researcher due to found the answers of research questions which were developed by the researcher in the previous chapter. The research questions here:
What are the types of Illocutionary act found between buyer and seller at Simpang Tigo Market Pasaman, West Sumatera? Thus, the finding of this research can be found in the following explanation.
In answering this research question the researcher used observation method and recording to collect the data. By doing observation, the researcher found that there were five types illocutionary act found between buyer and seller at Simpang Tigo Market Pasaman, West Sumatera. Those were assertive, directive, commisive, expressive and declaration.
There were 12 conversations between buyer and seller in which in this data were 62
utterances that had been analyzed by researcher.
25 utterances of Assertive act, 19 utterances of commisive act, 10 utterances of directive act, 5 utterances of expressive act and 3 utterances of declaration. The utterance most found in this research is assertive act and the most rarely found is declaration. 25 utterances of assertive act that have been found include: stating 15 utterances, complaining 4 utterances, asserting 2 utterances, claiming 2 utterances, reporting 1 utterances and concluding 1 utterances. And then, the 10 of directive act that have been found are 9 data for suggesting, 3 data for commanding, 3 data for requesting and 2 data for commanding. Next, 5 types of expressive act found in this research include 2 data of blaming, 1 data of pardoning, 1 data of expression of sorrow, and 1 data for the expression of happy. So, the total data of expressive act is 5 utterances. Then, the utterances of commisive act are 13 utterances for offering, and 6 utterances for refusing, so the total of commisive act is 19 utterances that found in the market. And the last the types of declaration that found in the market is 3 utterances, which include 2 utterances of Naming and 1 utterance for resigning.
CONCLUSION
From the data analysis and as closing of this research, the researcher concludes the research . By analyzing the conversation between buyer and seller at Simpang Tigo Market Pasaman, West Sumatera. The researcher found several forms of types of illocutionary act that introduced by Searle there are Assertive or Representative, Directive, Commisive, Expressive and Declaration. From four types of illocutionary act above, the types of illocutionary act that most found in the market is assertive act and commisive act, next directive act, finally expressive and declaration.
Meanwhile the type of declarative is rarely found in the conversation. Assertive is the most found in the conversation between buyer and seller at Simpang Tigo Market Pasaman
.
ACNKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, the researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude to Allah who has given the researcher mercy, chance and health to finish this thesis with the titles is An Analysis of Illocutionary Act Between Buyer
2
8
and Seller at Simpang Tigo Market Pasaman, West Sumatera.
Secondly, the researcher would like to express her best appreciation and sincere gratitude to my first advisor Lili Perpisa, S.S, M.Pd and my second advisor Yendra S.S, ,M.Hum for their guidance and useful knowledge in writing of this thesis. Thank you very much for both of my advisors.
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