Tujuan dari penelitian kualitatif ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis dan fungsi kata sapaan dalam film Geng Gridiron. Film ini menghadirkan banyak karakter dengan latar belakang sosial yang berbeda-beda yang memungkinkan karakter tersebut sering melakukan sapaan. Penelitian ini menemukan semua jenis dan fungsi kata sapaan yang digunakan oleh para tokoh dalam film Gridiron Gang.
Perbedaan antara ketiga data ini dengan yang lainnya adalah fungsi dari tipe alamat berbeda dengan yang dikemukakan oleh Wardhaugh dan Chaika dalam teorinya. Tujuan dari penelitian kualitatif ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis dan fungsi dari istilah sapaan dalam film Gang Gridiron. Film ini menawarkan banyak karakter dari latar belakang sosial yang berbeda yang akan memungkinkan karakter untuk sering melakukan salam sapaan.
The theories of Chaika (1982) and Wardhaugh (2014) regarding the types and functions of the terms of address were used by the researcher. This study found all types and functions of address expressions used by the Gridiron Gang movie characters. There was a difference in power, respect and intimacy/closeness. The function of terms of address that are most often used is to distinguish between alien and power, this is due to the fact that the majority of the action in the film took place in informal settings - a prison facility and a sports field.
The uniqueness of these three data and others was that the function of the address term type was different from that proposed by Wardhaugh and Chaika in their theory.
INTRODUCTION
- Background of the Research
- Identification of the Problem
- Limitation of the Problem
- Formulation of the Problem
- Objectives of the Problem
- Significance of the problem
- Definition of Key Terms
With the help of the internet, especially social media platforms like Whatsapp, Twitter, YouTube and Facebook, the conversation can take place in a virtual way. On the social media YouTube, the address form phenomenon was found on Donald Trump and Joe Biden Final Debate. Biden used the word "Guy" to address Trump because he was upset that Trump did not raise the minimum wage for small businesses.
According to Chaika (1982), the use of title alone or title-of is to show how much power, to show how much solidarity, or to show how people respect another. The address term above happened on Twitter, Donald Trump's favorite writer, Nick Adams (@NickAdamsinUSA). This word can be seen as special nickname type address term, It functions to show less respect @JoycePerkins has to Donald Trump.
The film researcher chose as the object of the investigation a film directed by Phil Joanou, Gridiron Gang. The reason was that this movie is not only an inspirational movie for the researcher but also offers different settings that enable the characters to perform address terms regularly as they meet many people from different occupational and social backgrounds. The word 'Homey' address form was considered a special nickname and it served to show respect.
The study by Ventalia & Jusmaya (2020) described the different terms of address and their functions in a film. According to the analysis, there were six different types of address phrases in the film. This research used a theory proposed by Chaika (1982) and Wardaugh (2006) to analyze the types of address terms.
The researcher focused on analyzing the types of address expressions, including with its functions, which can be found in the Gridiron Gang movie. And also this research can hopefully work for the readers to classify the types and know the function of the address term. The last is this research, which aims to be a reference for research in the future.
Hopefully, this research can serve as an example for the speaker and the listener to understand more about the address expression. Therefore, we hope that through this research, readers will learn more about the types and function of the heading term.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL
Sociolinguistics
- Address Terms
- Types of Address Terms
- Function of Address Terms
Therefore, expressions of address will influence the choice of words used in the conversation. According to Wardhaugh (2014), people address others in different ways such as by using a title alone, title with surname, surname etc. The choice of using the types of address terms is based on the status of the speaker.
For example, the one who addresses his or her lecturer by using his or her first name instead of using title plus last name will be considered impolite. Therefore, it can be said that terms of address are a serious thing that must be learned in order to achieve the effective communication that most people want. The types are first name, title with last name, title alone, last name, pet name, term of kinship, and special nickname.
According to Wardhaugh (2014), terms of address are categorized into the first name, the title alone, title plus surname, last name, kinship term and pet name. Moreover, Chaika (1982) states that there are five types of address terms that people can use to address others, i.e. first name, title only, title plus last name, surname and special nickname. The use of the surname indicates a power difference between the speaker and the addressee.
People with more power address people with less power by first name or last name, while those with more power are addressed by title plus last name. Chaika (1982) stated that the functions of terms of address are to indicate intimacy, power shift and respect. For example, some people usually use a special nickname to address their friends, and a loved one usually uses a pet name to show how deep their relationship is together.
The boss will address his employers using first name while his employers address him by title alone or title plus last name. To show good manners and respect to each other, people usually address the title alone or title with surname. By addressing another speaker using title or title with last name, both speakers can know that they are being treated equally in conversation.
Previous Research
Among them are first name, title, surname, title and surname, relative term and house name. Research by Silabana (2020) attempted to identify the types and functions of the title expressions found in the movie ―Mortdecai‖. These types are address with surname, first name, address, house name, last name, expressions of kinship.
The research was conducted by Amelia & Ekawati (2021) attempted to identify the types used by all the characters in Fantastic Beasts And Where To Find Them film and reveal the factors that influence the use of address terms. The types of address terms used in the movie are first name, title plus last name, title alone, last name, pet name, and kinship terms. The use of address terms first name is commonly used to show intimacy between the speakers.
The purpose of this research is to discover the types of titular expressions in the movie Love Rosie and to find out how the titular expressions are translated into Bahasa Indonesian. This research used the theory proposed by Wardaugh (2006) to analyze the types of headline terms and the theory of Vinay & Darbelnet (2000) to analyze the data. Six translation processes were used in translating the title terms; literal translation, borrowing, transposition, 1 modulation, 1 equivalence and adaptation.
Those were title, kinship terms, special nicknames, last name, title, first name, title plus last name, and pet name. The researcher attempted to identify the type of address terms and the social factors that influence the characters' use of address terms in "Emily in Paris", Season 1, Episode 1. The research result found seven types of address terms and three factors that use address terms .
According to the findings of this study, there are three types of terms of address and five social factors associated with the terms of address. The three types of terms of address were using a name, expression of intimacy, and title with respect, with the most common term of address being the use of the name. For similarity, the previous study applied the theory supported by Wardaugh (2006) and the same theory will be applied in this current study to identify types of address terms.
Theoretical Framework
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- Research Design
- Object of The Research
- Method of Collecting Data
- Method of Analyzing Data
- Method of Presenting The Research Result
The purpose of the study was the movie titled "Gridiron Gang" which was directed by Phill Joanu and released in 2006. The conversation in Gridiron Gang movie contained expressions of address in several scenes of the movie which were used by all the characters in the movie including the main character. For collecting data from the research, the researcher used the observation method suggested by Sudaryanto (2015) which focused on observing the data.
In other words, the researcher did not include or produce the utterances as data. Sugiyono (2014) asserts that during the data collection process, the researcher did not work directly with the subjects. According to Hardani et al., (2020), the participant observation technique was used to design that method.
In addition, the non-participatory approach excluded the researcher from engaging in conversation with the subject. The purpose of watching it is to understand the situation and the social context that takes place in the film. The research data were analyzed with the referential identity method proposed by Sudaryanto (2015) which aimed to analyze and identify the relationship between language and the specific entity outside the language being referred to.
In addition, the study used an equalization technique proposed by Sudaryanto (2015), which analyzed the types and functions of collected data based on the theory proposed by Wardaugh (2006) and Chaika (1982). Finally, the result of the analysis was explained in a descriptive way, the types and functions of the address terms used in "Gridiron Gang". Presentation of the results of the analysis means the way in which the researcher presents the results of data analysis in the form of a written report.
RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
Research Analysis
Findings
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion
Recommendations
