THE ANALYSIS OF COMBO’S SUPERIORITY AND INFERIORITY AS DEPICTED IN THIS IS ENGLAND’S
MOVIE BY SHANE MEADOWS
UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
BY
WELLY REDITYA GANTARA PUTRA NIM 155110100111040
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA
2019
THE ANALYSIS OF COMBO’S SUPERIORITY AND INFERIORITY AS DEPICTED IN THIS IS ENGLAND’S
MOVIE BY SHANE MEADOWS
UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented to Universitas Brawijaya
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra
BY
WELLY REDITYA GANTARA PUTRA NIM 155110100111040
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA
2019
ii
iii
This is to certify that the undergraduate thesis of Welly Reditya Gantara Putra has been approved by the supervisor
Malang, December 27th 2019 Supervisor
M. Andhy Nurmansyah, S.S., M.Hum NIP. 19771016 200501 1 002
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This is to certify that the undergraduate thesis of Welly Reditya Gantara Putra has been approved by the Board of Examiners as one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra
Juliati, M.Hum., Chair NIP. 19720929 200604 2 001
M. Andhy Nurmansyah, S.S., M.Hum., Member NIP. 19771016 200501 1 002
Acknowledged by,
Head of Study Program of English
Isti Purwaningtyas, M.Pd.
NIP. 19790519 200501 2 003
Sighted by,
Head of Department of Languages and Literature
Sahiruddin, S.S., M.A., Ph.D.
NIP. 19790116 200912 1 001
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin. First of all, the researcher wants to express his highest gratitude to Allah SWT for the endless blessing, love, opportunity, health, and mercy that He gives during the completion of this undergraduate thesis. The researcher is totally grateful to have beloved parents, his mother Istanti Avi Yunaida, and his father Djoko Triono, also his little sister Ceysa Vionindra L.S. for the endless support, love, and pray. The researcher also cannot thank the supervisor enough for the guidance, supervision, advice, and help, Mr. M. Andhy Nurmansyah, S.S., M.Hum, May God and the beautiful life will always be with you. The researcher also grateful to have Ms. Juliati, M.Hum as the examiner, for the great advice, supervision, and correction to make this thesis even better.
Second of all, the researcher also wants to say thank you to his close friends whom he considers as his family in college. Panji, Anggung, Ardin, Hilman, Wisnu, Vieri, Bagas, Aji, Wahyu, Putra, Taufik, Syahrul, Tude, Guntur, Ridwan, who have always been his first helpers when faced with problems. The little group of Superfine Hum for being the reason to keep smiling since the third semester. My bestie Tiya Maharani for the support and kindness, also being a good listener since day one. Thank you for staying. For the rest of my friend in Madiun and Malang, that I cannot mention it singly, thank you for the excitement and memories.
Finally, the researcher would like to note himself: You’re fine. Thanks for the little greatness and madness until you made it, this far. Moreover, thanks to the blood, sweat, and tears that have come out from this body. Cheers!
Malang, December 27th 2019
The Researcher
vi ABSTRACT
Putra, Welly Reditya Gantara. 2019. The Analysis of Combo’s Superiority and Inferiority as Depicted in This is England’s Movie By Shane Meadows. Study Program of English, Department of Language and Literature, Faculty of Cultural Studies, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Supervisor: M. Andhy Nurmansyah Keywords: Movie, Subculture, Superiority, Inferiority, This is England
Being a part of a subculture can make humans do everything they want to do as self–respect defenses in society. But, sometimes it might be represented as a feeling of being afraid to be inferior. Even, when an individual is a part of society, he or she might feel anxious about his or her existence, because the others are not aware. This is England movie is chosen as a material object of the study because it reflects the phenomenon of subculture issues, such as routinization, initiation, and intimidation as well as related to the subculture phenomenon in human life, likewise the impact on society. Superiority and inferiority of a character named Combo is the main focus of this study.
The result of this research reveals Combo’s superiority and inferiority towards the other characters. The effect of Combo’s superiority complex is that the others which inferior to him must agree with his opinion, always pay attention to him, even can be blamed for everything. The effect of Combo’s inferiority complex is that the others must negotiate with Combo for the things he want to, and the others may face his anger when he offended.
The researcher suggests the next researcher to analyze a character in the same movie named Shaun, a 12 years old boy who looks for identity by entering a group of subcultures using defense mechanism theory.
vii ABSTRAK
Putra, Welly Reditya Gantara. 2019. Analisis Superioritas dan Inferioritas Combo yang Digambarkan dalam Film This is England oleh Shane Meadows.
Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Pembimbing: M. Andhy Nurmansyah
Kata kunci: Film, Subkultur, Superioritas, Inferioritas, This is England
Menjadi bagian dari subkultur dapat membuat manusia melakukan semua yang mereka inginkan sebagai pertahanan harga diri dalam masyarakat. Namun, terkadang hal itu bisa digambarkan sebagai perasaan takut untuk menjadi inferior.
Bahkan, ketika seseorang menjadi bagian dari masyarakat mungkin merasa cemas akan keberadaannya, karena individu yang lain tidak menyadarinya. Film This is England dipilih sebagai objek material penelitian karena mencerminkan fenomena masalah subkultur, seperti doktrinisasi, inisiasi, dan intimidasi yang terkait dengan fenomena subkultur dalam kehidupan manusia, juga dampaknya terhadap masyarakat. Superioritas dan inferioritas karakter bernama Combo adalah fokus utama dalam penelitian ini.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan superioritas dan inferioritas Combo terhadap karakter lain. Efek dari kompleks superioritas Combo adalah karakter lain yang lebih rendah darinya harus setuju dengan pendapatnya, selalu memperhatikan dirinya, bahkan dapat disalahkan untuk semuanya. Efek dari kompleks inferioritas Combo adalah bahwa karakter lain harus berurusan dengan negosiasi dengan Combo untuk hal-hal yang dia inginkan, dan karakter lain mungkin akan menghadapi kemarahannya ketika dia tersinggung.
Peneliti menyarankan peneliti berikutnya untuk menganalisia sebuah karakter dalam film yang sama bernama Shaun, bocah laki-laki berusia 12 tahun yang mencari identitas dengan memasuki kelompok subkultur yang menarik untuk dianalisis menggunakan teori defense mechanism.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP...ii
SUPERVISOR'S APPROVAL...iii
BOARD OF EXAMINER'S APPROVAL...iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v
ABSTRACT ... vi
ABSTRAK ... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS...viii
LIST OF FIGURES...x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1 Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 Problem of the Study ... 5
1.3 Objective of the Study ... 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RESEARCH METHOD ... 6
2.1 Theoretical Framework ... 6
2.1.1 Superiority Complex and Inferiority Complex ... 6
2.1.2 Mise en Scene ... 9
2.2 Previous Studies ... 11
2.3 Research Method ... 12
2.3.1 Deciding Object of the Study ... 12
2.3.2 Formulating Problem of the Study ... 13
2.3.3 Collecting the Data ... 14
2.3.4 Analyzing the Data ... 14
2.3.5 Drawing Conclusion ... 14
CHAPTER III FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 15
3.1 Symptoms of Superiority Complex ... 15
3.1.1 Haughtiness ... 15
3.1.2 The Feeling of Being Always Right ... 17
3.1.3 Always Craving For Attention ... 19
3.2 Symptoms of Inferiority Complex ... 22
3.2.1 Social Withdrawal ... 22
3.2.2 Lack of Self–Esteem ... 27
3.2.3 Anger ... 28
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3.3 Cause of Superiority and Inferiority Complexes ... 32
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 34
4.1 Conclusion ... 34
4.2 Suggestion ... 35
REFERENCES ... 36
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1 Combo intimidating Pakistan’s kids with a knife...16
Figure 3.2 Combo and his group cheering for Lenny on NF meeting...19
Figure 3.3 Combo coming to Lenny at the end of the meeting...20
Figure 3.4 Combo’s group performance as a birthday surprise...21
Figure 3.5 Combo (red jacket) inviting Woody to talk on the outside...23
Figure 3.6 Combo negotiate with Lol...24
Figure 3.7 Combo has got his deal successfully...25
Figure 3.8 Lol’s friend 1 greeting to Lol...26
Figure 3.9 Lol’s friend 2 greeting to Lol...26
Figure 3.10 Combo waiting Milky at the empty street...27
Figure 3.11 Combo peeks Lol from a distance...28
Figure 3.12 Combo kicked Puke out of his car...29
Figure 3.13 Combo rob Mr.Shandu with his machete...30
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses the brief explanation about the superiority and inferiority of character in his subculture group. This research attempts to analyze the movie entitled This Is England directed by Shane Meadows. Also, this chapter provides a problem of the study and the objective of the study.
1.1 Background of the Study
Movie or film as stated by Boggs and Petrie (2006, p.3) is “recognized as a unique and powerful art form on a par with painting, sculpture, music, literature, and drama”. Some people who are concerned and aware of the social problems, represent the phenomena through literary works and convey it as the reflection.
Through this age, literary works develop and belong to pop culture. The pop culture has many kinds of product and one of them is a movie. Besides, Boggs and Petrie (2006, p.3) stated: “film is unique, set apart from all other media by its quality of free and constant motion”. Usually, movies are created by the specific culture which contains cultural artifact, then they reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Boggs and Petrie (2006) added that movie is related to other art media, due to the basic properties of other media interlinked into its rich fabric as a form of expression. The movie reflects what is happening in real life and portrays the moment beautifully in an audiovisual presentation that is capable of making the viewers attracted at the same time, influenced by the underlying message. Some movies contain subculture’s representation, for example, the
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British drama movie entitled “This is England” directed and written by Shane Meadows, released back then in 2007 by Warps Films & Film4 Productions.
The film's title is a direct reference to a scene where the Combo’s character explains his nationalist views using the phrase "This Is England" during his speech. The story of the film’s setting centers on young skinheads in England in 1983. The setting of the film illustrates how their subculture, which has its roots in the late 1960s became adopted by political ideology, which led to disunity within the skinhead scene. This is England’s movie successfully portrays the group of subculture phenomenon existed in the middle of society.
As we know that humans cannot live alone in this world, there is environment with other people living among them as a social group in the middle of society, accompanied by life’s requirement, lifestyle, even subculture. Sidlova (2014, p.5) stated that subculture could be seen as “a group that comes from particular situations, particular interests, or some problems inside people such as ages, races, social classes, ethnicity, and training that separated themselves from social circle”. It can be said that subculture tried to show their differences to attract other people from society. Sidlova (2014, p.8) added that “subculture has their values, practices, and belief which separates them from the majority and provides youth a distraction from their daily routine”. It means that the origin of subculture could be caused by problems inside the society itself, which related to the issues of economic, cultural, or social. Marshall (1994) once stated that becoming a part of a subculture sometimes was a style or just a fashion,
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nevertheless having pride and taking on board some of its values. It probably means pride becomes an individual part of someone’s life. Usually, many social groups in society carrying some specific subcultures. The members of a social group might feel that they just live normally with the other, or sometimes feel that they belong to a special gang that they took pride about. Marshall (1994, p.35) added that :
Being part of a gang gave a tremendous feeling of belonging and from it stemmed the pride, respect, and loyalty you had for your mates and your gang’s reputation. And if you weren’t a subculture cult and weren’t a part of a gang, you must felt very left out.
Based on Marshall statement, there is a sense of belonging that turns into the spirit of life more than social trends. By way of illustration in the movie about a 12 year old boy named Shaun. Shaun invited to join Woody’s skinhead group.
Woody accepted Shaun as a member, and he believes as Shaun’s big brother.
Consequently, being a part of a subculture can make humans do everything they want to do as self–respect defenses in society. On the other hand, sometimes it might be represented as a feeling of being afraid to be inferior. In this case, when an individual is a part of society might feel anxious about his or her existence, because the others are not aware.
As the researcher knows, there are mental phenomena among the people in society, such as superiority and inferiority. According to the Cambridge Dictionary, Superiority means “the fact that one person or thing is better, stronger, etc. than another”. Adler (1958) believes that the primary goal of all human behavior is self–perfection. Perhaps, it can emerge the theory about the phenomenon of superiority as a part of individual psychology. The researcher
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assumes that there are causes and actions in every individual behavior psychology such as the character of Combo in This is England. As far as the researcher knows, Combo, an older skinhead, had an extreme nationalist perspective and racist attitude toward immigrants. As a result, Combo expresses his English nationalist and racist attitude as the action, then attempts to enforce his leadership over the other skinheads. This leads the group to split, and Shaun from Woody's apolitical group moved to the forces under Combo’s commander.
The researcher use Shane Meadows movie entitled This Is England as the object of analysis in this study. The researcher decided to choose the movie because it can expose something happening in this real world and reflect the historical phenomenon about the subculture itself in the 1980s. By the researcher’s understanding, this movie tries to convey something about political routinization inside a group of skinheads that can affect the character’s perspective, within influencing the messages behind it.
Analyzing the character in the movie using superiority complex and inferiority complex sub theory with mise-en-scѐne’s theory is important for the researcher, it can emerge what influences behind the superiority phenomena in a social group of society. As we know, the issue of majority versus minority in religion aspect was trending in Indonesia during 2016–2019, then at the end of August 2019, the conflict appeared on the ethnic and racial aspects. For example, the action of 411 or 4th November and 212 or 2nd December and 21st February about the mass protest led by Islamist groups in Jakarta caused by Basuki Tjahaya Purnama’s speech which is considered religion defamation. As reported by CNN
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Indonesia on Thursday, 21st February 2019 that the show of Great Night of 212 (Malam Munajat 212) was ended in chaos at the venue entrance near Arjuna Wiwaha’s statue in Medan Merdeka Barat Street. The national media always reported the event of mass demonstrations as a part of the phenomena about majority versus minority issues. Based on the phenomenon that happened in Indonesia, the researcher is interested to show up the issue of superiority contained inside the movie.
This is England’s movie as well as related to the subculture phenomenon of human life and likewise the impact on society. The theory of the mise-en-scѐne is applied to support the analysis. It helps to identify the person that has an inferiority complex can shift into a superiority complex and also give detail about its symptoms. The significances of this study are to give a clear explanation and give detail interpretation on how human has a superior role can influences the others whose more inferior than him in this movie.
1.2 Problem of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the researcher identifies the following problem in This Is England’s movie by Shane Meadows, there is:
How does Combo’s superiority or inferiority affect other characters?
1.3 Objective of the Study
Related to the problem of the study above, the researcher is attempting to answer the research question, there is:
To explains the effects of Combo’s superiority or inferiority towards other characters.
6 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RESEARCH METHOD
In this chapter, the theoretical framework will explain in This Is England by Shane Meadows. Superiority Complex as the approach to analyze the object.
Furthermore, the previous studies will explain as some previous researches related. At the end of this chapter, the researcher also explains the research method in doing the research.
2.1 Theoretical Framework
Regarding the topic of the thesis about the analysis of Combo’s superiority in This is England’s movie which is the movie about the subculture phenomenon, the researcher will use several theories to support the idea. The theories used will be the Superiority Complex and Inferiority Complex and Movie Study.
2.1.1 Superiority Complex and Inferiority Complex
In this study, the researcher using the sub theory of Personality or Individual Psychology that was founded back in the 1920s by the psychologist namely Alfred Adler. Since the approach as a part of individual psychology, the researcher will focus on the definition of Feelings of Inferiority and Striving for Superiority, first. According to Alderian Terminology (1929, cited in Ewen 2001, p.94), inferiority feeling is: “normal and inevitable feelings of weakness that result from our helplessness during childhood. It may stimulate healthy striving for superiority and compensations”. On the same terminology, striving for superiority is: “a universal, innate drive to overcome feelings of inferiority by
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mastering our formidable environment. Healthy strivings for superiority are guided by social interest, whereas pathological strivings ignore the welfare of others”. There is no specific definition of superiority feelings in individual psychology (theory of personality) by Alfred Adler. But, there are further applications of individual psychology that will be used in this study, both are Superiority Complex and Inferiority Complex.
Superiority and Inferiority Complexes belong to the part of Psychopathology, which one of the further applications of Individual Psychology.
One of the forms of superiority complex may involve the deluded belief of being better than other people, as Adler (1931, cited in Ewen 2001, p.102) stated: “it is as if a man feared that he was too small, and walked on tiptoe to make himself seem larger”. To clarify, a superiority complex may be hidden by manifestations of weakness inside a person. According to Alderian Terminology (1931, cited in Ewen 2001, p.94), the superiority complex is: “pathological feelings of power and arrogance that conceal an underlying inferiority complex”. In regards to the same terminology, the inferiority complex is: “exaggerated and pathological feelings of weakness, including the belief that one cannot overcome one’s difficulties through appropriate effort. Usually accompanied by a conscious or unconscious superiority complex”. As the researcher knows, both of this complex in psychology refers not to a belief, but a pattern of behaviors expressing the belief that someone is superior. Leggs (2019, published on www.healthline.com) stated that: “in Adler’s theory of individual psychology, a superiority complex and an
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inferiority complex are tied together. He held that a person who acted superior to others and helps others as less worthy was hiding a feeling of inferiority”.
Adeka (2019) believed that the inferiority complex (such a low self–esteem) is the major cause of superiority complex, then there are causes to discovering the motives behind such feeling. According to Adeka (2019, p.3), the causes behind superiority and inferiority complex are:
1. A past negative experience: for example, an experience of weakness, helplessness, insecurity, rejection, and dependency leads to a low self–esteem which also plays a huge part in building inferiority complex, and superiority complex is one of the ways that individual with inferiority complex may use as a method of escape from such difficulties or experiences.
2. Inability to fit into the society or peer–group: if an individual cannot be better than another on their merit, they will attempt to tear down another person or group to maintain their superior position.
3. Fear of failure: there is always a tendency to worry when an individual fails at something after giving their best shot. Next time such a person is faced with a similar challenge, there is a sense of “withdrawal” or reluctance to try again.
4. Fear of stereotype and discrimination: social limitations–
discrimination against an individual based on their family, race, sex, socio- economic status, educational level, religion, and sexual orientation may place them at risk of inferiority or superiority complex.
5. Physical defects: some defects in appearance, such as weight issues, visual defects, skin diseases, burn wounds, may trigger feelings of self-doubt and low self–esteem in some individuals.
These causes have the ability to affect individuals into superiority and inferiority complex. On the other side, there is an effect of its causes which is the symptom. Whether superiority or inferiority, there are some symptoms in each
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kind of complex. According to Adeka (2019, p.2) the symptoms of superiority complex are:
1. Haughtiness (over–pride and arrogance)
2. The feeling of being always right (the individual will disagree with others, because he or she feels that others are always wrong)
3. Always craving for attention
Moreover, there are symptoms of an inferiority complex regarding Adeka (2019, p.2):
1. Social Withdrawal (feeling uncomfortable being around others in society, particularly in crowded place)
2. Lack of self–esteem (low self–esteem)
3. Anger (the individual who tend to easily feel disrespected)
The superiority complex or inferiority complex of Combo’s character appears on some scene of This Is England when the conflict happened during the new ideology coming from Combo the older skinhead’s character to Woody’s group.
2.1.2 Mise en Scene
The researcher used the movie as the material object of this study. As a result, a movie study is considered as the appropriate theory to analyze this movie.
In the first chapter, the researcher showed the citation of Boggs and Petrie (2006, p.3) that “film is unique, set apart from all other media by its quality of free and constant motion”. In other words, the film focuses on moving images, which is communicates verbally through the dialogue, along with visually through action and gesture. Boggs and Petrie (2006, p.3) also stated that “film communicates directly, not through abstract symbols like words on a page but concrete images
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and sounds”. Abrams (2001, p.1) stated that “Film can be studied as a cultural product, a text that carries certain values and beliefs that are open to several different interpretations”. With all those theories, it can be concluded that film is a unique thing that can deliver value and belief to the audience through the audiovisual form.
Mise-en-scѐne as Konigsberg (2008, p.240 citing Boggs) stated is “a French term meaning ‘putting into the scene’ that was originally used to describe the staging of a theater director”. Konigsberg (2008) added that mise-en-scѐne also refers to the composition of the individual frame as well as the movement within the frame. On the other side, Abrams (2001, p.93) stated that mise-en-scѐne refers to ‘placing within the shot’. Abrams (2001, p.93) added that “the elements covered by mise-en-scѐne are: setting, props, costume, performance, lighting, and color”. In this study, the researcher only used dialogue and setting for scrutinizing the analysis.
Abrams (2001, p.93) stated that “The setting provides the space in which all the other elements of mise-en-scѐne are situated”. The setting can be provided by filming on studio sets that were designed for film, or on a place that exists.
Boggs (2008, p.101) stated that “The setting is the time and place in which the film’s story occurs”. The setting must be considered as an important aspect for the reason that makes the film’s storyline believable, in particular, it helps us to conveys the meaning inside the story. Moreover, Boggs (2008, p.374) stated that the setting can be a powerful tool to build an atmosphere or mood, mainly for helping us to understand the characters.
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Boggs (2008, p.258) stated that film dialogues are a major part of our attention to sound in the film, along with a great deal of important information.
Besides, the element of dialogue is exceedingly important to convey the meaning of the film’s story. Boggs (2008, p. 259) also stated that “Furthermore, film’s dramatic power and cinematic qualities are both diminished if dialogue is used to communicate what could be expressed more powerfully through visual means”.
We barely understand what the movie trying to confess without its dialogue.
Boggs (2008, p.259) added that “As a general rule, dialogue in film should be subordinate to the visual image and should seldom assume the dominant role of dialogue on the stage”.
2.2 Previous Studies
Two previous studies are used by the researcher to analyze the study. The first is Representation Racism In Film “This Is England” (Semiotics Analysis Group Racism on Skinheads Group in the film “This Is England”) by Bagus Ardy Nugroho (2011). In this research, Bagus focused on determining the representation of racism in the film and find out the results of an analysis of the semiotics of racist skinhead groups in the film “This Is England”. The second is The Significance of Skinhead Style Depicted in “This Is England” Film by Shane Meadows by Fatih Fahmi (2018). In this research, Fatih focused on determining the characteristics of the skinhead style in the film and find out the results of significance on the subculture’s style itself. These two previous studies used a similar object of the study This Is England’s movie by Shane Meadows which is contained the subculture phenomena, and it is the same as the researcher.
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Although the object of study is the same as the researcher, the difference is the researcher focused on the character’s superiority and inferiority while the first previous study focused on racism representation, and the second previous study focused on the subculture style’s aspect. Moreover, the researcher using superiority and inferiority complexes as the approach while the first previous study used semiotic analysis, and the second previous study used subculture core concepts.
2.3 Research Method
In this subchapter, the researcher will elaborate on the method used in this study. The research of this study pertained to qualitative research. These are five- step inside this method that will be used:
2.3.1 Deciding Object of the Study
Since the researcher deciding this study about the analysis of the character’s superiority and inferiority in the movie, the theory will be used including superiority and inferiority complexes. This approach will not be elaborating on the applications of individual psychology, including psychopathology and its varieties. The researcher considers the superiority and inferiority complexes as a part of individual psychology theory is suits the most for this material object. The chosen for superiority complex and inferiority complex theories will be included in the formal study object. This theory as the formal study object applied to analyze the material object to give a clear explanation about the object analyzed.
Movie study’s theory will be limited to two aspects of mise-en-scѐne which are dialogue and setting, but not a costume, props, lighting, and color. In other words,
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those two aspects of mise-en-scѐne will be analyzed without the other aspects of cinematography, including framing, shot size, and camera angle. This analysis is relevant to individual psychological condition with subculture phenomenon inside the film in regards to how the character’s superiority and inferiority affects the other characters.
The material object chosen is a movie entitled This Is England’s by Shane Meadows. This movie contains the phenomenon of subculture issues, these include the scene of routinization, initiation, and intimidation as well as related to the subculture phenomenon in human life, likewise the impact on society. This movie shows that someone’s statement or specifically speech can affect the others getting into his perspective.
2.3.2 Formulating Problem of the Study
The researcher assumed that Combo’s character shows the symptoms of superiority or inferiority complex as well as the phenomena of superiority or inferiority on a particular scene in This Is England’s movie. For this reason, the researcher will analyze there are the symptoms of superiority or inferiority complex that represented in Combo’s scene. Moreover, the researcher will analyze there are the causes of superiority or inferiority complex represented by the character of Combo in This Is England’s movie. In the last part of the formula, the Combo’s superiority may be concluded by the researcher in what kind of superiority that belong to Combo and which way it affects the other characters.
Furthermore, the Combo’s character may be concluded as a superiority complex, or inferiority complex, or both.
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2.3.3 Collecting the Data
The movie of This is England has watched several times by the researcher to observe the movie that focuses on particular scenes in this movie in which the dialogue of Combo appears. The researcher will choose which dialogues of Combo that show the symptoms of superiority and inferiority complex. Then, the researcher will reconcile those dialogues with the setting in a movie. Combo’s dialogue and its setting in selected scenes will be used as the data of this analysis.
Perhaps, there are other characters’ dialogue in some selected scenes will be used as the supporting data of this analysis.
2.3.4 Analyzing the Data
The data will be analyzed through dialogue analysis on the character of Combo in This is England. Firstly, the researcher will try to find which dialogue of Combo that may consider as the symptoms of superiority complex, or inferiority complex, or both. Secondly, the researcher will try to find if there is Combo’s dialogue that considers as the cause of superiority and inferiority complex or not. Then, the researcher will analyze the setting on Combo’s scene which supporting the ascertain data that there is a symptom or cause of superiority and inferiority complexes. Finally, the researcher will be determining whether Combo has a superiority complex, or inferiority complex, or both.
2.3.5 Drawing Conclusion
After observing, analyzing, and interpreting the data, in this last part, the researcher will draw a conclusion based on the theories mentioned beforehand and also giving a suggestion.
15 CHAPTER III
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
In this chapter, the researcher will present the analysis of Combo’s superiority and inferiority as depicted in This is England movie. The main focus is on Combo’s superiority or inferiority which affects other characters. The evidence will be explained in the following sub-chapters; symptoms of superiority complex, symptoms of inferiority complex, and causes.
3.1 Symptoms of Superiority Complex
According to Adeka (2019, p.2), there are three symptoms of superiority complex, that are: haughtiness, the feeling of being always right and, always craving for attention. In this subchapter, the researcher will analyze the character of Combo with the symptoms mentioned.
3.1.1 Haughtiness
Haughtiness is one of the symptoms of superiority complex. It means over-pride and arrogance. Marshall (1994) once stated that becoming a part of a subculture sometimes was a style or just a fashion, nevertheless having pride and taking on board some of its values. According to Marshall’s statement, the pride of a subculture member have its values. It is probably becoming precious for subculture’s members. Moreover, there are probably some members who over- pride about their subculture itself.
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In this movie, Combo had an extreme nationalist perspective which leads to routinization among other skinheads, even his perspective contains haughtiness for being an English. At the beginning of his speech to other skinheads, he said about how important to have the pride to be an English. It is shown in the dialogue below,
Combo : “Do you consider yourself English or Jamaican?”
Milky : “English.”
Combo : “Lovely. I love you for that. That's fucking great. I'm proud, man. Learn from him. That's a proud man, there. That's what we need, man. That's what this nation has been built on. Proud men. Proud fucking warriors.”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 44:03)
Based on the dialogue above, we know that Combo loves the man who always considers himself as an English and equate it with a warrior. However, the dialogue above is the beginning of his speech that is considered as a brainwash to other skinheads. His speech was kind of arrogance and cynical, also the researcher finds Woody’s statement as evidence that Combo’s speech was a brainwash. It is shown in the sentence below,
Woody : “I ain't being fucking brainwashed, Combo.”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 48:50)
After the extreme-nationalist perspective of Combo was showed up on the scene, the action of Combo’s haughtiness appears on a scene. It is when Combo’s group walking into the three of Pakistan’s kids, then intimidating all of them by not allowing them to play football there anymore with a knife. It is shown in the dialogue below,
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Combo: “Now, that's our ball now. Right? And we're playing here. So, I suggest you take fucking Tweedledum and Tweedledee and fuck off home. If I see you on my streets again...I'll slash you. And it'll be a hundred times fucking worse.”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:03:10)
Figure 3. 1 Combo intimidating Pakistan’s kids with a knife (This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:03:52)
The figure 3.1 pictures the character of Combo intimidating Pakistan’s kids with a knife as a weapon in a quiet place. The situation depicted in that scene is ferocious, it looks like the group of skinheads as a landlord dominates the streets arrogantly by intimidating immigrants. With that evidence, now we know that Combo has the first symptom of superiority complex.
3.1.2 The Feeling of Being Always Right
The feeling of being always right is the second symptom of superiority complex, it means the individual will disagree with others because he or she feels that others are always wrong and he is the only right one. In a subculture, usually, the elder is the most respected, as well as they were done something big for their group. In this movie, Woody showed us that Combo is the most respected member of this skinhead group, as we can see on this evidence below,
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Woody: “Listen to me now. This dude, here, he spent three years in the pen for me, he never said nothing. If it weren't for him, I wouldn't be with you guys now. So, the utmost respect and I mean it. I mean it.”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 43:45)
As we know, Combo is the most respected character than others, so it will help Combo’s statement easier for all members to agree on. Therefore, Combo considered as the dominant character with a higher position. Haughtiness also represented Combo’s character, and this symptom may be prone to appear in this kind of character. The people with superiority complex recognize that there are other people below him or more inferior than him. So, the people which inferior must agree with the opinion of the people which superior. It is shown in the dialogue below,
Combo: ”Cause see that man, there, Milky? That man there took abuse off me and I said some horrible things, Milk, and I'm fucking sorry. You let me abuse him. And what did you do? What did you do, Wood? ” Woody : “I didn't do anything.”
Combo : “I can't hear you.”
Woody : “I didn't do nothing.”
Combo : “Exactly. Nothing. Fuck all. Neither did any of yous. Not one of yous stood up and made yourself count for that man there. And that was fucking wrong.”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 43:16)
From the last sentence of the dialogue above, it shows us that Combo feels the only right one in a group. Moreover, Combo has blamed everyone on that group for being apathetic to dare to speak up and not letting Combo to said something horrible to Milky. At this point, the researcher believes that Combo has the second symptom of superiority complex, which is the feeling of being always right.
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3.1.3 Always Craving For Attention
The people who always crave attention are also known as an attention seeker and this belongs to the third symptom of superiority complex. Sometimes, the people who join a subculture or community may feel that they must show their own existence. Their existence can be seen in how many attention that they get from others. The researcher deems that the people who have superiority complex crave attention to show how superior he or she is from others who are inferior.
This movie talks about how the skinhead subculture begins to be political affiliation in the 1980s. In this case, the political party concerned is the National Front. There is a scene where Combo with his group attends to the meeting of National Front led by Lenny.
Figure 3.2 Combo and his group cheering for Lenny on NF meeting (This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 58:04)
The figure 3.2 pictures Combo and his group attending a meeting of National Front and taking place on a backseat with noisy sound of Combo yelling
“Go Lenny!” to shows other members that his group represented the existence of skinhead subculture and he was very excited. At the end of the meeting, Combo also come to Lenny for having a conversation. It is shown in the monologue below,
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Combo: “I'm going to have a word with Lenny. You wait here.”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 58:22)
Figure 3.3 Combo coming to Lenny at the end of the meeting (This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 58:32)
On the figure 3.3, Combo was going forward and coming to Lenny. The researcher observes that Combo was very excited about attending the National Front’s meeting because he brought four more members to be registered. So, he must be told Lenny about this thing. The next data is taken from the scene of Smell’s birthday when Combo and Shaun had a plan about birthday surprise with their group bringing so many presents. Combo also knew that Woody and his group would come to Smell’s birthday. Combo, Shaun, Banjo, Meggy, and Gadge would surprise Smell and her friends, also Woody and his group by singing special birthday song like an acapella.
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Figure 3.4 Combo’s group performance as a birthday surprise (This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:08:50)
The figure 3.4 pictures Combo and his group bringing so many presents and singing at the front of everyone who comes to Smell’s birthday party. It looks like Combo always seeks attention on every chance for making himself seem uppermost. At this scene, Woody’s group left the birthday party after Combo’s group finished their birthday song. But, Combo and Shaun beg to Woody for not leaving the party, but they failed to made Woody stay. It is shown in this dialogue below,
Woody : “Woo! Well, I'm gonna get off. Past my bedtime and there's a... I've got to tape summat on aardvarks.”
Smell : “You're not going, are you?”
Shaun : “Woody, stay.”
Woody : “Are you coming, Milk?”
Milky : “Yeah, mate.”
Shaun : “Please, Woods, man, don't go.”
Woody : “Oh, no, it's nothing personal with you, mate. I'm just gonna get off.”
Combo : “Come on, Wood. Fucking hell, I've brought booze and everything. Can't we bury the hatchet?”
Woody : “I know what you've come for, man. I'd rather get off, like. It's this thing on aardvarks, I'm really eager to watch it. Come on, then, let's have you.”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:09:09)
From the dialogue above, we know that Combo craves to Woody and his group to stay at the party. It is shown on Combo’s statement; “Come on, Wood.
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Fucking hell, I've brought booze and everything. Can't we bury the hatchet?”.
Therefore, now the researcher believed that Combo has the third symptom of superiority complex.
Superiority Complex can be identified by determining the subject through the three symptoms. Based on those data above, the researcher finds that the character of Combo has all the symptoms of the superiority complex. Superiority complex of Combo’s character can affects other characters by his speech, attitude, respect, and arrogance. As a result, the character of Combo in This Is England’s movie has a superiority complex.
3.2 Symptoms of Inferiority Complex
After discussing the data of symptoms of superiority complex, then the next subchapter is the symptoms of the inferiority complex. According to Adeka (2019, p.2), there are three symptoms of inferiority complex, that are: social withdrawal, lack of self–esteem and, anger. In this subchapter, the researcher will analyze the character of Combo with the symptoms mentioned.
3.2.1 Social Withdrawal
Sometimes, some people have to feel uncomfortable being around others in society, particularly in a crowded place. This kind of feeling known as social withdrawal and this belongs to the first symptom of inferiority complex. Some people seek a private place just to have a private conversation and feel comfortable. On the other hand, some people seek a private place because they are not comfortable with being around others in society. In this part, the researcher
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will determine that the character of Combo in This Is England’s movie belongs to which one it is.
In this movie, there is a scene when Combo begins to invite Woody and his group to Combo’s place, but Woody’s group didn’t know that they all will get routinization from him. Combo invites all of them by coming to the place where Woody and his group hangout, but Combo just wants to talk only to Woody and not the entire Woody’s group members. It is shown in the dialogue below,
Woody : “’Ey up. What's up?”
Combo : “Can I just have a little word with you?”
Woody : “I've got a brew coming.”
Combo : “Only be two minutes. Come 'ed.”
Woody : “Bastard.”
Lol : “Woody, don't be long cause I wanna get off.”
Woody : “All right, love.”
Combo : “Be two minutes, Lol.”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 41:20)
Figure 3.5 Combo (red jacket) inviting Woody to talk on the outside (This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 41:43)
From figure 3.5 and the dialogue above, the researcher finds out that Combo prefers to talk on the place which more private, although it was just two minutes and he choses to talk on the outside. Then there is another scene that
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showed Combo negotiating about two minutes’ conversation, It is when he wants to have a talk with Lol in his car. It is shown on the dialogue below,
Lol : “For fu... I'm going to work.”
Combo : “Please, Lol. Two minutes.”
Lol : “What do you wanna talk to me about?”
Combo : “Stuff.”
Lol : “Stuff? You wanna talk to me about stuff?”
Combo : I just wanna have a little chat with you.”
Lol : “About the fact you've just come out of prison? You've ruined
everything? You've broken Woody's fucking heart? You wanna talk to me about stuff? Well, I can't fucking wait. Let's go.”
Combo : “I want to talk about other stuff.”
Lol : “Other stuff? What other stuff have you possibly got to say to me?”
Combo : “Could I just have fucking two minutes with you?”
Lol : “No, I'm going to work. I'm not your fucking counselor, Combo.”
Combo : “I'll come back at dinner time, then.”
Lol : “No, don't come back at dinner time.”
Combo : “I'll come to yours later on.”
Lol : ”You’ll coming to mine? You can have two minutes now. You've got two fucking minutes.”
Combo : “OK. Sound.”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:14:29)
Figure 3.6 Combo negotiate with Lol
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:14:31)
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Figure 3.7 Combo has got his deal successfully (This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:17:22)
Based on the dialogue, figure 3.6, and figure 3.7 above as the data, the researcher finds out that Combo mostly uses negotiation by craving for two minutes and it works. Combo chooses his car to be the place where he has a conversation with Lol. But, at the beginning of the same scene when he negotiated with Lol there is evidence that Combo has social withdrawal or not comfortable being around others in society. It is shown in the dialogue and figures below, Lol : “Well, I'm late for work.”
Combo : “Just two minutes?”
Lol : “I haven't got two minutes.”
Lol’s friend 1 : “All right, Lol?”
Lol : “You’ll be all right?”
Lol’s friend 1 : “Yeah.”
Lol’s friend 2 : “Hi, Lol.”
Lol : “Hiya.”
Lol : “For fu... I'm going to works”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:14:20)
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Figure 3.8 Lol’s friend 1 greeting to Lol
Figure 3.9 Lol’s friend 2 greeting to Lol (This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:14:23)
Based on the data above, Combo seems not comfortable being around in society. Figure 3.8 and figure 3.9 picture that Combo showed suspicious behavior by biting his nails when there are other people or strangers going through. It is completely different when the behavior or attitude of Combo in figures of 3.8 and 3.9 compared with figure 3.6.
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Figure 3.10 Combo waiting Milky at the empty street (This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:19:10)
Figure 3.10 also shows that Combo is not comfortable for being in a crowded place. He chose the empty street for waiting Milky coming through for some weed. At this point, the researcher sure that Combo has social withdrawal as the first symptom of the inferiority complex after analyzing the data.
3.2.2 Lack of Self–Esteem
Lack of self–esteem or low self–esteem considered the second symptoms of inferiority complex. It is reasonable when there is an individual who feels unable doing something for himself or subculture, he or she will have low self–
esteem. These symptoms seem to be closely related to incapability which is one of the characteristics of the inferiority complex. There is a scene when Combo confesses that he feels down, then he crave for some weeds by negotiating again.
It is shown in the dialogue below,
Milky : “What's up, mate? You look down.”
Combo : “One of them days. You know what I mean? Look, man, erm... Any chance you can get me any weed? I just want a smoke. You know what I mean?”
Milky : “I mean, I've only got, like, one spliff left on me. I can't really give that away. What were you after?”
Combo : “About an ounce or summat.”
Milky : “Fucking hell. No, mate, no. I couldn't get anything like that big, no way.”
Combo : “I mean, I'll give you half, I'll split it. Give you half of it.”
Milky : “Well, I mean, I might be able to...to get...get like that much.”
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Milky’s girlfriend : “What?”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:19:36)
Based on the dialogue above, the researcher finds that Combo negotiate for the things that he needs, by the way of craving and begging. He also often to bid a deal, and it makes Combo seems has low self–esteem. To put it simply, the more he lowers the deal is the more visible that he lack of self–esteem.
Figure 3.11 Combo peeks Lol from a distance (This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:05:06)
The figure 3.11 pictures Combo hiding and peeking up Lol from a distance behind a tree instead of walking through Lol and greeting her with a smiley face.
Moreover, the character of Combo showed that he was on his incapability which closely related to this symptom. Therefore, the researcher sure that Combo has a lack of self–esteem as the second symptom of inferiority complex.
3.2.3 Anger
The people who have low self–esteem may be prone to feel disrespected by others who have self–esteem higher than him. Likewise, the feeling of disrespect might become an emotion called anger. According to Adeka (2019), Anger considered the last symptom of inferiority complex. In this movie, the character of Combo also shown this symptom in some scenes. There is a scene
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wheres Puke made Combo mad after the National Front’s meeting. It is shown on the dialogue below,
Puke : “Well, can I ask you something?”
Combo : *nodding his head*
Puke : “Do you really believe in all that shit, Combo?”
*Combo stopping his car and try to kicking Puke out of the car*
Puke : “Fucking hell, Comb! Oi, Gadge, come with me. He's getting me out.”
Combo : “Open the fucking door! Get fucking out now! Get fucking out!”
Puke : “All right, all right, all right.”
Combo : “Out of the car! Get out, you little fucking shitbag! You... don't you fucking ever... fucking ever, ever undermine me again in front of my fucking troops! Do you understand me? Eh? Yeah? Now, fuck off back to Woody, you little fucking queer!”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:00:37)
Figure 3.12 Combo kicked Puke out of his car (This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:01:13)
Based on the dialogue, and figure 3.12 above, the researcher finds out the character of Combo was angry because Puke made him seem stupid to believe what he stands about the National Front party in front of his group. From the last statement of Combo on the dialogue above, he warned Puke to do not demeaning him again, even Combo considered the other skinheads in his group as a troop and himself as a leader in that group. At this scene, Combo portrayed himself as a temperamental skinhead who is easily offended, also an arrogant skinhead who considered himself as a group leader.
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Combo as a group leader also robbed Mr. Shandu’s shop, where Shaun was banned from coming at the beginning of the movie. Combo’s group rob Mr.Shandu’s shop to get the cigarettes and booze as presents for Smell’s party, and Combo using a machete as a weapon. It is shown in figure 3.13 below,
Figure 3.13 Combo rob Mr.Shandu with his machete (This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:06:18)
In the robbing scene, the researcher finds that Combo’s weapon helped him to throw his anger to Mr.Shandu as a threat. Besides, Combo showed that he was completely angry because Mr.Shandu interrupted him and Combo felt disrespected. It is shown in the dialogue below,
Combo : “Picking on a fucking kid, was you? Eh?”
Sandhu: “Take what you want and go.”
Combo : “Shut up! I'm talking. I'm your fucking size. Fuck with me.”
Sandhu: “You've got what you want. Just go now.”
Combo : “Don't you fucking dare backchat me, cause I will slay you now where you fucking stand, you fucking Paki cunt. Right? You listen to fucking me!”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:06:56)
Also, the next sentences of Combo in the same scene were about blaming Mr.Shandu as an immigrant for taking jobs off from decent people. Subsequently, the researcher presumes it will be the supporting data that Combo has showed a symptom of superiority complex which are haughtiness, and feeling of being always right. It is shown in the dialogue below,
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Combo: “That fucking kid's dad died for this fucking country. What have you fucking done for it? Fuck all, but take fucking jobs off decent people.”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:07:18)
Based on the dialogue above, the researcher ascertains that Combo has the feeling of being always right. Combo was judging Mr.Shandu easily for only take a job on England as an immigrant. Then, the next sentence from Combo is about haughtiness. It is shown in the dialogue below,
Combo: “Now, listen, son, listen good. We'll be back here whenever we want, right, cause this is fucking ours now. This is ours, this, fucking Sandhu.
Don't forget that. Any fucking time!”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 01:07:26)
According to the dialogue above, haughtiness was portrayed by the character of Combo as he claimed Mr.Shandu’s shop belongs to his group now.
The researcher finds the reason of why Combo claimed Mr.Shandu’s shop. It is because Mr.Shandu is a Pakistans who lived in England, and his shop where he works located in England, was banned Shaun from coming, also Combo as an English skinhead hate the immigrant. Therefore, now the researcher believed that Combo has the third symptom of inferiority complex.
Inferiority Complex can be identified by determining the subject through the three symptoms. Based on those data above, the researcher finds that the character of Combo has all the symptoms of the inferiority complex. Inferiority complex of Combo’s character can affects other characters by his negotiation and offended. As a result, the character of Combo in This Is England’s movie has an inferiority complex. On the next subchapter, the researcher will be determining what causing Combo to has both complexes.
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3.3 Cause of Superiority and Inferiority Complexes
As we know, everything that happened must have a cause likewise both complexes which Combo has. According to Adeka (2019, p.3), there are five causes behind superiority and inferiority complexes; a past negative experience, inability to fit into the society or peer–group, fear of failure, fear of stereotype and discrimination, and physical defects. The researcher finds the data about which cause of Combo belong to. At the beginning where the character of Combo appeared, there is a scene in which Combo tells a story about his experience in jail before he began to brainwashing other skinheads. It is shown in the dialogue below,
Combo : “This, you know, this brown gentleman...who...he was a bully, he was a horrible bully. No matter what colour he was, he was a bully. And I hate bullies. Don't I, Wood?”
Woody : “Yeah.”
Combo : “I can't stand them, man. I can't stand 'em. But for three weeks, right, this fella was robbing my pudding.”
Gadge : “What kind of pudding was it?”
Combo : “Doesn't matter what pudding it was. The pudding's not the point. The point is, he was taking my pudding off me. And I just thought, "Nah, I'm not having it. I don't care. You're not getting my pudding, that's it." So, I grabbed it and I've gone, "No, mate, no, you're not having it." He was like...(Mimics his accent) "White boy...Give me your pud-pud." Proper!
Do you know what I mean?”
(This is England, Shane Meadows, 2007, 37:09)
According to the dialogue above, the researcher tries to connect the data with the cause, which is a past negative experience. Combo’s story depicted in that scene is about his pudding snatched by “a brown gentleman” when he starved after shoveling and grafting all morning. The researcher assumes the event of Combo’s story happened when he was in jail because researcher believes that jail give negative experience for the guilty people and it might happen. Therefore, Combo must feel threatened once, also deals with weakness and helplessness.
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Related to the second cause which is an inability to fit into the society or peer–group, Combo attempts to tear down another person or group to maintain his superior position. It is shown in figure 3.1 and figure 3.13 when Combo and his group were intimidating Pakistans kids playing football on the street and robbed Mr.Shandu’s shop. As a result, Combo and his group always seem more superior to immigrants in this movie.
The researcher did not find any causes of Combo’s superiority and inferiority complexes other than a past negative experience and inability to fit into the society or peer–group. The researcher determined that Combo was not afraid to fail because he had been trying to approach Lol again, as already shown in the previous data which is figure 3.7. The researcher also believed that Combo spreading negative perspective about stereotype of immigrant to other skinheads, but he was not afraid about any stereotype about himself. Moreover, the researcher did not find any physical defects from the character of Combo in this movie. At this point, the researcher believed that there are two causes belong to Combo’s character, namely past negative experience and inability to fit into the society or peer–group.
34 CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
This chapter presents the conclusion and suggestion related to the findings from This is England’s movie by Shane Meadows. In this chapter, the researcher will provide a conclusion from the previous chapter and suggestion for the next researcher.
4.1 Conclusion
In this movie, the researcher found the character of Combo has both of superiority and inferiority complexes. The researcher also found that the character of Combo has all the symptoms of the superiority complex and the inferiority complex. Combo’s superiority can affect the other characters through his speech, respect, attitude, and arrogance. Combo is the most respected character than others, so it will help Combo’s statement easier for all members to agree on. The people with superiority complex like Combo’s character recognize that there are other people below him or more inferior to him. The effect of Combo’s superiority complex is that the others which inferior than him must agree with his opinion, always paying attention to him, even could be blamed for everything.
On the other hand, Combo’s inferiority can affect other characters through his negotiation and offended. Combo negotiating for the things that he needs, by the way of craving and begging, also he often to bid a deal. The people with inferiority complex like Combo’s character considered as low self–esteem people who negotiating with make more lower the deal, more inferior him. Combo also portrayed himself as a temperamental skinhead who easily offended, also an
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arrogant skinhead who considered himself as a group leader. The effect of Combo’s inferiority complex is that the others must be dealing with negotiation with Combo for the things that he wants to, and the others might be facing with his anger when he offended.
4.2 Suggestion
In this study, the researcher focused on Combo’s superiority and inferiority analysis in This is England’s movie by Shane Meadows. The researcher gives a suggestion for the next researcher that will analyze this movie. In this movie, there are a lot of characters with various roles indeed. There is a main character named Shaun as 12 years old boy. In this movie, his role is really important because he represents a young boy who look for identity by entering a group of subcultures. The next researcher can analyze the character of Shaun using defense mechanism theory. It will be interesting if the next researcher can analyze what kind of defense mechanism that Shaun used.
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