Analysis and Computer Simulation of Biopore Tubes Made of Concrete Foam Reinforced by Durian Skin Fiber

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International Journal of Research In Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS)

Vol. 2 No. 4 (2023): IJRVOCAS – Special Issues – INCOSTIG – PP. 56~66 Print ISSN 2777-0168| Online ISSN 2777-0141| DOI prefix: 10.53893 https://journal.gpp.or.id/index.php/ijrvocas/index

Analysis and Computer Simulation of Biopore Tubes Made of Concrete Foam Reinforced by Durian Skin Fiber

Bustami Syam¹, Maraghi Muttaqin¹, Fakhrur Rozy¹, Malvin Setiawan², M. Fauzi², Fadly Ahmad Kurniawan¹

1Impact and Fracture Research Center, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.

2Undergraduate Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.

ABSTRACT

This research was conducted to utilize durian skin waste into useful materials by maximizing its utilization to solve environmental problems. The idea is to process the fibers so that they can be used as composite reinforcement material. Here, the durian fibers are used as fillers for foam concrete. The so- called concrete foam composite is designed and manufactured to produce tubes utilized for biopore systems. Biopore tube materials were tested and the tubes are also subjected to field tests to check their response subjected to static loading. A series of computer simulations are conducted. Results are compared with other biopore tubes (PVC and concrete). The simulation results show that the concentration of stresses is obviously seen around the hole located in the middle and upper section of the tubes. However, at those critical points in the tubes, the stresses are of smaller than that of the strength of the tubes. We conclude that biopore tubes with 16 holes in total provided on the tube wall are still feasible to be produced.

Keywords:

Durian Fiber Skin

Concrete Foam Composite Biopore Composite Tube

Corresponding Author:

Maraghi Muttaqin,

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,

Almamater Road, Padang Bulan, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia.

Email: maraghimuttaqin@usu.ac.id

1. INTRODUCTION

Biopore tubes are solid structures designed and manufactured to be buried vertically underground with the aims to absorb surface water due to heavy rain. So far biopores pralon tubes and concrete tubes provided with infiltration holes are also commonly used. It is hoped that the addition of bioporous infiltration pores may function in minimizing the impact of flooding [1-3]. There are several ways to control flooding.

According to our previous studies, the use of biopores has some features compared to other methods, namely:

(1) increases the uptake of surface water [4]; (2) allows us to convert organic waste into compost; (3) improves soil fertility. It is hoped that the technology to manufacture bioporous composite pipes with permeable pores could serve as a solution for reducing flood hazards, especially in parking lots and parking areas [5,6].

Concrete foam composite pipes with infiltration holes can be used in any soil and can be installed in densely populated areas or areas with low water catchment [7,8]. This simple and environmentally friendly technique is still rarely used, especially when using grass blocks with pipes. Grass blocks are building materials for paving, parking lots, parks, etc. Almost as same as the function of paving stone [9,10,11]. However, it has a cavity where grass can be grown. Another advantage, rainwater can be easily absorbed into the ground. Grass block is also called paving block. These cavities allow more water to penetrate into the ground than pebbles

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[12,13]. Concrete foam composites, which are mixtures of two or more materials macroscopically mixed to produce new materials, have been extensively studied and fabricated by authors [14,15].

In this study, the biopore tubes made of concrete composite foam with varied numbers of holes were simulated using FEM software Ansys. The aims are to check whether the maximum number of holes provided on the tubes are still strong enough to receive load induced by vehicles parked on them, or not. Results were compared with the concrete tubes, polymeric composite tubes, and PVC tubes.

2. RESEARCH METHOD

2.1 Material

As shown in Fig. 1, biopore tubes are placed beneath the grass block; thus, the tubes will receive compressive loading from grassblock via grass block cover (dope). In real situation the surface loads are produced by vehicles passing the the tube and grass block station, as simulated in Fig. 2.

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Figure 1. Biopore tube (a) placed beneath the grass block (b) a concrete foam biopore tubes

Figure 2. Biopore tube placed beneath the grass block for a grass block test location

The tubes and grass blocks are designed to be able to accept static loads in such a way as to meet technical and manufacturing requirements. For this, we choose a newly developed materials in our research center that are light and strong enough to withstand static loads and impact.

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Table 1. Composition of tube specimens

2.2 Geometry and Dimensions

Geometry and dimensions of the tubes are shown in Figures 3 and Figures 4, respectively.

Figure 3. Dimension of biopore tubes

Figure 4. 3D geometry of biopore tubes 3. RESULT DAN ANALYSIS

Ansys software is used to analyze the structure of the grass block made of Concrete Foam reinforced with durian skin fibers due to static loads. This simulation uses data that has been taken from experimental testing. The data obtained include:

Composition Cement Sand Water Blowing Agent Durian skin

fiber BA (Foam) Water

A3 1508 1463 675 9 267 45

A4 1508 1448 675 9 267 60

A5 1508 1433 675 9 267 75

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1. Concrete Foam’s data reinforced by durian skin fiber a. Density : 1771,852 kg/m³ b. Modulus Young : 37,832 MPa c. Poisson ratio : 0.2

2. Concrete’s Data

a. Density : 2300 kg/m³

b. Modulus Young : 30.000 MPa c. Poisson ratio : 0.18 3. Data Pipa PVC

a. Density : 1300 kg/m³

b. Modulus Young : 27580 MPa c. Poisson ratio : 0.38

The load in the form of “pressure” on the upper surface area of the grass block is 1.2 MPa and the results of the ANSYS software simulation can be seen in the following figure.

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Figure 5. Biopore tube 1 hole (a) normal stress x-axis (b) normal stress y-axis (c) normal stress z-axis

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Figure 6. Biopore tube 2 holes (a) normal stress x-axis (b) normal stress y-axis (c) normal stress z-axis

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Fig. 10. Biopore tube 6 holes (a) normal stress x-axis (b) normal stress y-axis (c) normal stress z-axis

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Fig. 14. Biopore tube 10 holes (a) normal stress x-axis (b) normal stress y-axis (c) normal stress z-axis We focus on the discussion on stress contours at x, y and z while the results of the simulation can be seen in table 2.

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Table 2 Static Simulation Results

No. Total of holes σx σy σz σ1

1 1 1,11 0,236 0,845 0,320

2 2 1,28 0,339 1,20 3,85

3 3 1,18 0,315 1,25 3,92

4 4 1,25 0,321 1,23 3,65

5 5 1,15 0,299 0,93 3,96

6 6 1,39 0,296 0,852 3,85

7 7 0,965 0,363 1,24 3,99

8 8 1,21 0,379 0,862 3,89

9 9 0,875 0,420 1,04 3,58

10 10 0,848 0,330 0,9,69 3,68

The greatest stress results are on the x-axis because the direction of the compressive load is in the y- axis direction, while the x and z axes are perpendicular to the y-axis. On the x and z axes experience stress which results in strain that can be seen in the form of cracks.

The failure theory is obtained by the Max Normal Stress Theory formula where the results obtained are σ1 ≤ Sut. Where σ1 ≤ 3.96 MPa while Sut = 13,244 MPa. Thus the material is feasible to use and is still able to withstand the given load.

Ansys simulation results on biopore tubes using durian fiber skin reinforced composite concrete are shown in Figures 15 to 18.

Figure 15. Normal stress x-axis

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Figure 16. Normal stress y-axis

Figure 17. Normal stress z-axis

Figure 18. Equivalent Normal Stress

Ansys simulation results on biopore tubes using concrete are shown in Figures 19 to 22.

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Fig. 19. Normal stress x-axis

Fig. 20. Normal stress y-axis

Fig. 21. Normal stress z-axis

Fig. 22. Equivalent normal stress

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The simulation results of Anys on biopore tubes using PVC material are shown in Figures 23 to 26.

Fig. 23. Normal stress x-axis

Fig. 24. Normal stress y-axis

Fig. 25. Normal stress z-axis

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Fig. 26. Equivalent normal stress

The following table compares the stress values on each axis for all locations and materials (concrete foam, concrete, and PVC), shown in table 3 to 5.

Table 3. Normal stress x-axis

Table 4. Normal stress y-axis

Table 5. Normal stress z-axis

The following table 6 is comparing the equivalent stress values on each point for the 3 materials From the simulation results on stress for all types of materials (concrete, concrete foam and PVC) it can be seen that at locations A and C there are critical points. At location A there are critical points at y and 1, at location C the critical points are at x and z. However, because the critical point value is smaller than the strength value of the material, this pipe is still feasible to produce and use.

Material A B C D

Concrete Foam Concrete

PVC

0,023272 0,032023 0,95649

0,028824 0,048526 0,59116

0,95168 0,95809 0,44645

-0,31974 -0,16735 0,6033

Material A B C D

PVC

0,39033 0,38347 0,48262

-1,6254 -0,67452 -0,96751

-0,94277 -1,7194 -2,6196

-1,2676 -1,544 -2,0506

Material A B C D

PVC

0,095018 0,035567 0,25026

0,071211 0,014833 0,23824

0,90648 0,89027 1,126

-0.18695 -0,29584 0,15277

Material A B C D

PVC

3,6077 3,6317 3,3977

1,5849 1,6597 1,446

2,3407 1,891 1,7744

1,7924 1,39 1,5705

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4. Conclusion

Biopure tubes models are designed, manufactured, tested and simulated in the laboratory. A newly developed lightweight material called “Confoam” is used to build the structure. The structural integrity of grassblock requires their structural integrity, that is, their response to static external loads. Where σ1 ≤ Sut , The average of σ1 = 3.5457 MPawhile Sut = 13.244 MPa. Thus the material is feasible to use and is still able to withstand the given load.

Acknowledgement

The authors appreciate the supports obtained from USU Talenta research scheme and IFRC research center.

Thanks are also addressed to students involvde in this research.

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How to Cite

Syam, B., Muttaqin, M., Rozy, F., Setiawan, M., M. Fauzi, & Kurniawan, F. A. (2023). Analysis and Computer Simulation of Biopore Tubes Made of Concrete Foam Reinforced by Durian Skin Fiber. International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS), 2(4), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.163