analysis effective utilization of microcontroller port

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FOR ENHANCING OPTIMIZATION HARDWARE

By Bibit Hartono

21752003

MASTER‟S DEGREE in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING – MECHATRONICS CONCENTRATION FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY The Prominence Tower

Jalan Jalur Sutera Barat No. 15, Alam Sutera Tangerang, Banten 15143 - Indonesia

August 2018

Revision after Thesis Defense on August 2, 2018

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FOR ENHANCING OPTIMIZATION HARDWARE

Bibit Hartono STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis.

Bibit Hartono

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Student Date

Revision after Thesis Defense on August 2, 2018 Approved by:

Dr. Edi Sofyan, B.Eng., M.Eng., Ph.D.

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Thesis Advisor Date

Dr. Widi Setiawan

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Thesis Co-Advisor Date

Dr. Irvan Setiadi Kartawiria, S.T., M.Sc.

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Dean Date

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Bibit Hartono ABSTRACT

ANALYSIS EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF MICROCONTROLLER PORT FOR ENHANCING OPTIMIZATION HARDWARE

By Bibit Hartono

Dr. Edi Sofyan, B.Eng., M. Eng., Ph.D., Advisor Dr. Widi Setiawan, Co-Advisor

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY

Modern age electronic systems give highest speed and performance. Hardware optimization leads to reduction in board area, hardware, number of components and also the manufacturing cost of the electronic system. By using multifunctional input output port, device level optimization can be achieved. Higher optimization can be done at hardware level by wisely multiplexing and sharing the same port pins within different input output interface. Also the effective and best use of internal memory of processor or controller reduces interfacing complexity. By optimizing and reducing the input output port pin count we can select chips having less number of input output port. The proposed optimization technique is helpful in interface of multiple input keys and sensors to single or less number of port pins. As well port pin requirement for display interfacing can be reduced. The proposed optimization techniques are used to reduce the pin count of controller used for microcontroller. In this research success to reduce needs number of microcontroller port.

Keywords: Utilization, Optimization, Microcontroller, Sensor, Motion Detector

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Bibit Hartono

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Bibit Hartono DEDICATION

I dedicate this works for my beloved wife & my children

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Bibit Hartono ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to thank the members of my committee for their support, patience and good humor. Their gentle but firm direction has been most appreciated. Dr. Edi Sofyan, B.Eng., M. Eng., Ph.D. as Advisor‟s was particularly helpful in guiding me in this research. Dr. Widi Setiawan as Co-advisor‟s interest in sense of competence was the impetus for my proposal. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Ir. Gembong Baskoro, M.Sc who from the beginning, he had confidence in my abilities to not only complete a degree but to complete it with excellence.

I have found my coursework throughout the Curriculum and Instruction program to be stimulating and thoughtful, providing me with the tools with which to explore both past and present ideas and issues.

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Bibit Hartono TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

COVER ... 1

STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR ... 2

ABSTRACT ... 3

DEDICATION ... 5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... 6

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... 7

LIST OF FIGURES ... 9

LIST OF TABLES ... 11

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION ... 12

1.1 Background ... 12

1.2 Research Problem ... 14

1.3 Research Objectives ... 14

1.4 Research Question ... 14

1.5 Hypothesis ... 14

CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW ... 15

2.1 Theoretical Perspectives ... 15

2.1.1 Microcontroller ... 15

2.1.2 Sensors ... 16

2.1.3 Actuators ... 18

2.1.4 Voltage Divider ... 18

2.1.5 End of Line Resistor ... 19

2.1.6 Motion Detection ... 20

2.1.7 Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) ... 22

2.2 Previous Study ... 23

2.2.1 Previous Study 1 ... 23

2.2.2 Previous Study 2 ... 23

2.2.3 Resume of Previous Study ... 24

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Bibit Hartono

CHAPTER 3 - RESEARCH METHODS ... 25

3.1 Research Framework ... 25

3.2 Component of Design ... 26

3.2.1 Hardware ... 26

3.2.2 Arduino Software ... 30

3.3 Design Justification ... 31

3.4 Design of Experiment ... 35

CHAPTER 4 - RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS... 37

4.1 Initial Evaluation ... 37

4.2 Data Analysis ... 38

4.2.1 Test Result on State 0 ... 38

4.2.5 Sensor resistance and voltage in states ... 46

4.3 Weaknesses of System ... 46

4.4 Application of System Design ... 47

CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECCOMENDATIONS ... 49

5.1 Conclusions ... 49

5.2 Recommendations ... 49

GLOSSARY ... 50

REFERENCES ... 52

APPENDIX A – ARDUINO... 54

APPENDIX B – PIR SENSOR ... 57

APPENDIX C – SONGLE RELAY ... 59

APPENDIX D – ARDUINO CODE ... 61

CURRICULUM VITAE ... 64

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Bibit Hartono LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

Figure 1.1 Microcontroller ... 13

Figure 2.1 Microcontroller Arduino ... 15

Figure 2.2 Analog Signal ... 16

Figure 2.3 Analog Sensor: Load Sensor, Temperature Sensor, Light Sensor ... 16

Figure 2.4 Digital Signal ... 17

Figure 2.5 Digital Sensors: Proximity Sensor, Limit Switch, Motion Detector ... 17

Figure 2.6 Actuators: Solenoid, Stepper motor, Servo motor, Relay ... 18

Figure 2.7 Voltage divider circuit ... 19

Figure 2.8 End of Line Resistor ... 19

Figure 2.9 Active Motion Sensor Operation ... 20

Figure 2.10 Passive Motion Sensor Operation ... 21

Figure 2.11 Block diagram analog to digital conveter ... 22

Figure 3.1 Methodology and research framework ... 25

Figure 3.2 Arduino Uno ... 26

Figure 3.3 Passive Infrared (PIR) Motion Sensor ... 28

Figure 3.4 Relay Module ... 29

Figure 3.5 Resistor ... 29

Figure 3.6 Arduino IDE views ... 30

Figure 3.7. Schematic diagram for arduino input pins ... 31

Figure 3.8 Schematic diagram for PIR sensors ... 31

Figure 3.9. Wiring diagram ... 32

Figure 3.10 Workflow system ... 34

Figure 3.11 Sensor Panel ... 35

Figure 3.12 Control Panel ... 35

Figure 3.13 All Component Design of experiment ... 36

Figure 4.1 Circuit analysis state 0 ... 38

Figure 4.2 Test Result on State 0 ... 39

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Bibit Hartono

Figure 4.7 Circuit analysis on state 3 ... 44

Figure 4.9 Home security system ... 47

Figure 4.10 Industry safety system ... 48

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Bibit Hartono LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

Table 1.1. Number of pins required for interfacing hardware ... 13

Table 2.1 Resume of previous study ... 24

Table 3.1 Specification of Arduino UNO ... 27

Table 3.2 Specification of PIR Sensor ... 28

Table 4.1 Sensor resistance and voltage in states ... 46