ANALYSIS OF FISHERMEN'S MOTIVATION IN THE PROGRAM SOCIAL SECURITY ORGANIZING AGENCY (BPJS) EMPLOYMENT BENGKULU CITY IN 2018
(Study in Sumber Jaya Village, Kampung Melayu Subdistrict, Bengkulu City)
Marita Fitriani1, Jarto tarigan, M. Sii2, Suratman, S.IP, M.Si3
1Master of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Bengkulu
2Master of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Bengkulu
3Master of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Bengkulu [email protected]
ARTICLE INFORMATION A B S T R A C T Received: 25 October 2023
Revised: 10 November 2023 Accepted: 22 November 2023
Available online: 28 December 2023 KEYWORDS
Keywords: Motivation, Participation, Social Security, Fishermen
CORRESPONDENCE
Master of Public Administration THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC– BY-SA LICENSE
The workforce social security program is expected to help reduce the risk of fishermen working. The Employment Insurance Agency (BPJS) Program is a public legal entity whose job is to protect all workers. This thesis is entitled an analysis of the motivation of fishermen in the Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) program of the City of Bengkulu in Sumber Jaya Village, Kampung Melayu District, Bengkulu City. This study aims to analyze the motivation of both the level of understanding, intentions and behavior of fishermen in the Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) program of employment. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative to provide a clear picture of the research problem. Research aspects guided by the theory of Community Participation in Development are opportunities (opportunities provided by program stakeholders for fishing communities to participate), willingness (this aspect is seen from what factors motivate fishermen to join the BPJS Employment program and fishermen's knowledge of the benefits of the BPJS Employment program ) and ability (seen from the ability of fishermen from an economic perspective, namely regarding the ability of fishermen to pay contributions from BPJS Employment program participants). The results showed that from the opportunity factor, there was an opportunity given to fishing communities to participate in the form of socialization carried out by BPJS Employment in collaboration with Sumber Jaya Village in 2017. From the willingness factor, fishermen were motivated or moved to participate in activities This is because there is a low-cost market that sells basic food at cheap prices, where those who buy cheap food at these activities are immediately registered two BPJS Employment programs for free, there is still a lack of knowledge of the fishermen about the benefits gained when participating in the BPJS Employment program. then the ability aspect there are some fishermen informants who object to the contribution of program participants because of the fishermen's income is uncertain and depends on natural condition.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.31186/IJPPA Available at : https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/index.php/ispaj/index
286 Doi : https://doi.org/10.31186/IJPPA
INTRODUCTION
Social security is a manifestation of the ideals of the Indonesian nation as stated in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia, namely to protect the entire Indonesian Nation and the entire homeland of Indonesia and to advance the general welfare, educate the nation's life and participate in implementing world order based on, lasting peace and social justice.
The social security system is a basic right for every human being and a right as a citizen, as stated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 28H which reads "everyone has the right to social security that enables his or her full development as a human being with dignity."
In order to fulfill the right to social security for every community, a policy on social security was issued, namely Law Number 40 of 2004 concerning the National Social Security System (SJSN). This national social security system is a state program that aims to provide social protection and welfare for all Indonesian people.
Through this program, every citizen is expected to be able to meet the basic needs of a decent life in the event of things that can result in the loss or reduction of social security. income, due to illness, accident, losing your job, entering old age or retirement.
The Explanation of Law No. 40/2004 Article
3 explains that what is meant by the basic needs of life are the essential needs of every person in order to live properly, for the realization of social welfare for all Indonesian people. The implementation of the National Social Security System Law is at the level of a Law, namely Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning the Social Security Organizing Agency. Law No. 24/2011 establishes two Social Security Organizing Bodies, namely the Health Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) and the Employment Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS).
The Employment Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS), which was formerly called PT Jamsostek, is only limited to formal sector workers such as company employees or wage earners who are members therein, and over time it has changed to the Employment Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) in accordance with the mandate of Law Number 24 of 2011 requiring it to provide social security for all people who not only work in the formal sector but also work in the informal sector.
The formal sector is a sector where a person works for another person or agency/office/employer by receiving a salary as a reward. Meanwhile, the informal sector is a sector where a person works alone or someone who works without ties to an agency / office / company or employer. (Elfindri and Nasri 2004)
90 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0
78,46 72,6 73,13
81 78, 62 67, 60, 81
17
41,88
7,4 21,5426,8727, 3 19
21,3832,1958, 43
2 9,
Presentase Tenaga Kerja Sektor Formal dan Sektor Informal Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi
Bengkulu Tahun 2018
Source : Data Dari Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bengkulu, 2018
From the data, it can be concluded that each region on average has more informal sector workers than formal sector workers. However, it is different with Bengkulu City which has more formal sector workers than informal sector workers. Or as many as 162263 people in the formal sector and 116923 people in the informal sector. However, the participation of BPJS Employment in the Informal sector in Bengkulu City is only 2.2 percent of the total informal sector workforce in Bengkulu City.
In order to provide protection to the fishermen profession, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Bengkulu Branch Office held a cheap market activity in Sumber Jaya Village, Kampung Melayu District which was focused on fishermen. By buying groceries at the cheap market activities, fishermen can be directly registered into two programs from BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. From the results of these activities there were 86 fishermen who registered for two programs from BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, namely JKM and JKK.
However, in 2019 there were only 4 people left.
For more details can be seen in the following table:
Tabel 1.4
Peserta Aktif Program BPJS Ketenagakerjaan di Kelurahan Sumber Jaya
Peserta Program Tahun 2017
Peserta Aktif Tahun 2018
95% 4,6 %
Sumber : BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, 2019
From the data table 1.4 it can be seen that in 2017 membership was only 95%, meaning that there were 4 people who were declared inactive.
Meanwhile, from December 2018 to 2019 BPJS Ketenagakerjaan participants experienced a fairly high decline, namely only 4.6% or the remaining 4 active participants. The decline in 2018 towards 2019 occurred every month.
Based on the data that the author has described above, that there is still a lack of awareness of fishermen of the importance of safety protection in working in the informal sector. therefore the authors are interested in conducting research with the title: ANALYSIS OF FISHERS' MOTIVATION IN THE BADAN PENYELGARA JAMINAN SOSIAL (BPJS) PROGRAM OF BENGKULU CITY 2018 (Study in Sumber Jaya Village, Kampung Melayu District, Bengkulu City).
Problem Formulation
Based on the background of the problems that the authors have described, the problem formulation in this study is What is the
288 Doi : https://doi.org/10.31186/IJPPA Motivation of Fishermen in the Employment
Social Security Agency (BPJS) Program?
Research Objectives
This study aims to analyze the motivation of fishermen in the 2018 Employment Social Security Agency (BPJS) Program.
RESEARCH METHODE
The research method in this study is using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. This research was conducted at the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Bengkulu Branch Office and fishermen of Sumber Jaya Village, Kampung Melayu District, Bengkulu City. The informants in this study amounted to 10 people consisting of 1 person from the Marketing Division of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, 1 person from the Sumber Jaya Village Head, 1 person from the Sumber Jaya Village Head, and 1 person from the Sumber Jaya Village Head. Jaya, 1 Head of RT, and 7 fishermen. The informant selection technique in this study used purposive sampling technique.
And the data analysis techniques used in this research are data reduction, data presentation and conclusions.
The focus of this research is an analysis of the motivation of fishermen in the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program in Bengkulu City in 2018, a case study of Sumber Jaya Village, Kampung Melayu District, Bengkulu City. As
well as the aspects studied by researchers, namely using the theory of Slamet Margono (2003) Community participation in the development process, namely a) opportunity, b) willingness and c) ability.
In this study, researchers chose a locus or research site at the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Bengkulu Branch Office and Sumber Jaya Village
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Researchers describe the results of research and discussion according to the data obtained by researchers through observation, interviews, and documentation of research informants that have been found.
Aspects of Willpower
Based on the aspect of opportunity is an atmosphere or environmental condition that is realized by the person that he has the opportunity and opportunity to get information from the BPJS Employment regarding the importance of participation in the BPJS Employment program for the welfare of the fishing community itself. Based on Slamet's theory (2003) The opportunity to participate is strongly influenced by the political will of the ruler/government to involve the community in development. Departing from this theory that the opportunities provided by the BPJS Employment supported by Sumber Jaya Village,
the community is very enthusiastic in utilizing the opportunities that have been given. Judging from the great enthusiasm of the community, one of the three aspects is fulfilled, especially in this opportunity aspect. Where this is shown by the results of interviews obtained from the community that the opportunity to participate in participating in the program from BPJS Ketenagakerjaan has been given by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan and Sumber Jaya Village in 2017 at RT 10. This is also supported by the results of the researcher's interview with the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan which explained that from the socialization provided, the community participated in registering themselves as participants in the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program. Socialization activities that accompanied by the existence of a cheap market from BPJS Employment is also able to lead the community to feel interested in participating in socialization activities held by BPJS Employment. This attraction is a motivation from within that arises because of activities that are considered to meet the needs of the fishermen themselves. The motivation model according to Robert D. Pritchard & Elissa L.
Ashwood (2008) is a process used to allocate energy to maximize need satisfaction. Attractive efforts made by BPJS Employment are able to attract great enthusiasm so that almost all people in Sumber Jaya Village have the opportunity to get important information in the form of social
security for fishermen.
Aspects of Willpower
Willingness is something that encourages or fosters their interest and attitude to be motivated to participate. Psychologically, the willingness to participate arises from intrinsic (from within) and extrinsic (due to stimulation, encouragement or pressure from outside) motives. Hygiene factors (extrinsic factors) motivate a person to get out of dissatisfaction, including human relations, rewards, environmental conditions, and so on (Herzberg's Motivation Theory According to Herzberg in Astuti (2017). At this stage what is meant is how community participation after participating in the socialization provided by the BPJS.
Employment. Then at this stage also see what is the reason for the fishing community's desire to participate. From the results of the interview, it was found that the reason why the fishing community participated in the program from BPJS Ketenagakerjaan was because they were interested in the cheap market activities held by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. The cheap market is an activity to sell cheap basic necessities such as rice, oil, sugar to the community. This activity is also one of a series of socialization activities held in Sumber Jaya Village, where those who buy cheap groceries at the activity will immediately be registered for the Work Accident Insurance (JKK) and Death Insurance (JKM) protection programs.
290 Doi : https://doi.org/10.31186/IJPPA Initially, what made fishermen interested
in joining the program from BPJS Ketenagakerjaan because BPJS Ketenagakerjaan held a cheap market, where fishermen informants received coupons from the local RT, who received and redeemed the coupons directly registered for the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program. In this case, the BPJS Employment makes it easy for fishermen to register for the BPJS Employment program and this is also one of the efforts of the BPJS Employment to attract customers. Then, although initially these fishermen informants were interested in cheap market activities, the participation of the community was also proven with they pay monthly contributions to BPJS Ketenagakerjaan through the Village.
Ability Aspect
The ability for the community to participate, the ability referred to in this study is the ability of fishermen to participate in the BPJS Employment program in terms of the ability of fishermen's understanding of BPJS Employment and the financial ability of Sumber Jaya Village fishermen to pay contributions for BPJS Employment program participants.
Mardikanto (2003) explains that what is meant by ability here is the ability to find and understand opportunities to build, or knowledge about opportunities to build (improve the quality of life). So the results obtained that there are several informants who
already know about the benefits of the BPJS Employment program but there are also those who do not know the benefits of the program.
There is an assumption that BPJS Employment and BPJS Health are the same even though the functions of these two institutions are different.
Then the results of interviews obtained from all informants are that the Sumber Jaya Village fishermen community said It's just that currently there is no longer a place or forum for the community to pay the dues of the program participants, which usually the payment place is at the Kelurahan office but is currently no longer open because of information obtained that the program claim funds are not disbursed. Then there are some people who do not agree to pay contributions for program participants because of the many expenses that must be paid by fishermen while fishermen's income depends on weather conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the description of the research results and discussion, the researcher draws the following conclusions: In accordance with the formulation of the research problem, What is the Motivation of Fishermen to Join the Employment Social Security Agency (BPJS) Program? Then this research has found the answer. So that the conclusion in this thesis reveals several facts, the reasons why fishermen are no longer active participants in the
Employment BPJS program, and the answers are as follows:
There is an opportunity for the community to participate in terms of socialization conducted in Sumber Jaya Village by the BPJS Employment with the support of the Sumber Jaya Village Head. Fishermen's participation in the BPJS Employment program because of the cheap market. Fishermen are motivated or moved to participate in these activities because of the market. that sells groceries at low prices, where those who buy cheap groceries on These activities are directly registered to two BPJS Employment programs for free. Lack of knowledge and information. There is still a lack of knowledge of fishermen regarding the benefits obtained when participating in the BPJS Employment program. The lack of understanding level of fishermen about BPJS Employment, because there are still those who think that BPJS Employment is BPJS Health.
The inactivity of fishermen in the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program is due to information that says that the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program claim funds cannot be disbursed so that this information makes the community no longer continue paying the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program dues. Lack of supervision by the program organizers for those who have registered as participants. Sumber Jaya Village fishermen do not object to the amount of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program contributions.
However, there are some who object because of the uncertain income of fishermen depending on natural conditions. There is no container or place for fishermen to make payments for the Employment BPJS program dues. BPJS Employment claim procedures are convoluted.
So that it causes many not to continue paying contributions.
ADVICE
1. For program organizers, namely BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Bengkulu Branch Office, so that they must continue to provide socialization to the public about the importance of the program, provide education and understanding, supervision of program registrants, and the existence of a container / place for fishermen to make it easier for them to pay participant contributions.
2. In the future, it is hoped that the community will have a sense of responsibility for what has been given so that these benefits can be used as a milestone to achieve prosperity.
3. From the research problems above, the researcher hopes that further research should be carried out on why there has been no innovation from the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan so that non-wage recipient participants routinely pay participant contributions. And why there is no supervision of non-wage recipient
292 Doi : https://doi.org/10.31186/IJPPA participants of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan.
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