Analysis of Bank Soundness Level Using RGEC Method (Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, Capital) at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Listed on

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Analysis of Bank Soundness Level Using RGEC Method (Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, Capital) at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Listed on

the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2019-2020

Paula Axellita Kravitz, R. Agus Baktiono

^,

Muchamad Arif Faculty of Economics and Business Narotama University Surabaya

Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim no 51, Surabaya

paulaaxkr14@gmail.com, agus.baktiono@narotama.ac.id, muchamad.arif@narotama.ac.id

Abstract

Banking is one of the important pillars in the process of economic development in Indonesia. Assessment of bank soundness is very important in order to maintain public trust as a form of bank responsibility in managing public funds which are fully entrusted to the bank. This study aims to measure the level of health at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. This study uses a descriptive analysis of the assessment components of the RGEC method. The data was obtained from Bank Mandiri's financial statements for 2019-2020 or for 2 years taken by researchers using documentation techniques. The results of research on the level of health at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk with the RGEC model for a period of 2 years using the ratio of NPL, LDR, Self-Assessment, ROA, NIM, BOPO and CAR as assessment indicators. Composite value of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk in 2019-2020 amounted to 97.14%. This shows that the health level of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk has a Composite Rating of 1 (PK- 1) which is 'Very Healthy'.

Keywords:

Bank, Bank Soundness Level, RGEC Method

1. Introduction

According to (Budisantoso & Nuritomo, 2014)The main function of the bank is to collect funds from the public and channel them back to the public for various purposes or as a Financial Intermediary. The problem factor is for the banking world to fulfill its obligations in terms of maintaining and/or improving the level of health as an effort to maintain public trust and interest. In assessing the health of banks, according to Bank Indonesia regulation number 6/10/PBI/2004 the CAMELS method consists of Capital, Asset Quality, Management, Earnings, Liquidity & Sensitivity to market risk can be used to measure the soundness of a bank, but along with the development of business complexity and the complexity of the banking industry, the CAMELS approach is considered less effective in measuring bank performance because the CAMELS approach is considered not to provide a conclusion that can be used as a benchmark in one assessment. Therefore, in 2011, precisely on October 25, 2011, Bank Indonesia issued a new policy related to regulations regarding the approach used to assess the soundness of banks using the risk-based bank rating or RGEC method. The RGEC method consists of four measurement factors, namely: Risk profile (risk profile), Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Earnings (profitability), Capital (capital). Therefore, in 2011, precisely on October 25, 2011, Bank Indonesia issued a new policy related to regulations regarding the approach used to assess the soundness of banks using the risk-based bank rating or RGEC method. The RGEC method consists of four measurement factors, namely: Risk profile (risk profile), Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Earnings (profitability), Capital (capital). Therefore, in 2011, precisely on October 25, 2011, Bank Indonesia issued a new policy related to regulations regarding the approach used to assess the soundness of banks using the risk-based bank rating or RGEC method. The RGEC method consists of four measurement factors, namely: Risk profile (risk profile), Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Earnings (profitability), Capital (capital).

PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk or known as Bank Mandiri is a bank with the largest assets in Indonesia.

As described above, Indonesia is currently struggling to overcome the corona virus outbreak or COVID-19 which has an impact on the economy, including Bank Mandiri. The economic slowdown due to COVID-19 that has emerged since March 2020 has eroded Bank Mandiri's net profit quite deeply. Throughout 2020, Bank Mandiri was only able to record a net profit of Rp. 17,1 trillion. This realization decreased by 37.71% compared to the previous year (2019). Bank Mandiri's Net Interest Margin (NIM) also decreased by 0.91% to a level of 4.65%(Anna Suci Perwitasari, 2021). It can be concluded that Bank Mandiri experienced a significant decline from 2019 to 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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The purpose of the analysis using the RGEC method is to determine whether the condition of the bank is very healthy, healthy, quite healthy or maybe not healthy. To be trusted by the community and government in managing funds, it is necessary to measure the level of bank soundness factor for the banking sector.

2. Method

2.1. Types of Research

A qualitative approach can be used if you want to see or express an object or event in a context to find a deep meaning or understanding of something you are facing, which appears in the form of qualitative data, either in the form of pictures, words or events as well as in the "Natural Setting" (Joseph, 2014). This study uses a qualitative approach with quantitative data because this study does not use hypotheses as in quantitative research in general.

2.2. Object of Research

In this study the object of research is PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. By analyzing the financial statements for 2019 – 2020.

2.3 Data and Data Collection Techniques

The source of data in this study is secondary data. The data in this study were obtained from reports or financial documentation owned by PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk is presented on the IDX's official website www.idx.co.id and other sources related to research. The data collection technique used in this study is a documentation technique, namely collecting data on the financial statements of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk from 2019 to 2020 which are presented by the Indonesia Stock Exchange and other sources related to the research.

2.4. Thinking Framework

BANK SOUNDNESS LEVEL ANALYISIS

PT. BANK MANDIRI (PERSERO), TBK

RGEC METHOD

RISK PROFILE GOOD CORPORATE

GOVERNANCE EARNING CAPITAL

NPL LDR SELF ASSESMENT ROA NIM BOPO CAR

BANK HEALTH CRITERIA

Figure 1. Thinking Framework 2.5. Data Analysis Technique

This study is used to analyze the soundness of banks based on (Bank Indonesia Regulation No.13/1/PBI/2011 concerning Assessment of Bank Soundness Level, 2011) and (Bank Indonesia Circular Letter No. 13/24/DPNP Dated October 25, 2011, Concerning Matrix for Calculation of Component Analysis of RGEC Factor Analysis for Commercial Banks., 2011) In the regulation, there are four factors that have been determined, namely Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earning and Capital.

1. Risk Profile

Research on risk factors consists of 8 types, namely credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, legal risk, operational risk, strategic risk, compliance risk and reputation risk. In this study, only two risk profile factors were used, namely credit risk factors and liquidity risk factors. Credit risk uses the NPL (Non-Performing Loan) ratio and Liquidity risk uses the LDR (Loan to Deposit Ratio) ratio.

1) Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of a customer's failure to fulfill his obligations to the bank, for example bad credit, etc. Credit Risk is calculated using the NPL formula as follows:

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55 NPL =𝑇𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑡

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑡 X 100 Table1. NPL Rating Standards

Rating Criteria Information

1 ≤2% Very healthy

2 2% - 5% Healthy

3 5% - 8% Healthy enough

4 8% - 12% Unwell

5 12% Not healthy

Source: SE Bank Indonesia No. 13/24/DPNP/2011 2) Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk due to simultaneous withdrawals made by customers at one time which results in bankruptcy due to a decrease in cash flow in banks. Liquidity Risk is calculated using the LDR ratio with the following formula:

LDR = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑡

𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 − 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠X 100 %

Table 2. Standards for Assessment of LDR. Ratings

1 50%-75% Very healthy

2 75%-<85% Healthy

3 85%-<100% Healthy enough

4 100%-120% Unwell

5 >120%-<60% Not healthy Source: SE Bank Indonesia No. 13/24/DPNP/2011 2. Good Corporate Governance

GCG measurement uses the self-assessment method, namely self-assessment of each bank with the approval of the board of directors based on the composite rating of SE Bank Indonesia No.15/15/DPNP/2013. If the composite value is small, the better.

Table 3. Standards for Assessment of GCGA Ratings

1 NK < 1.5 Very healthy

2 1.5≤ NK < 2.5 Healthy 3 2.5≤ NK <3.5 Healthy enough

4 3.5≤ NK <4.5 Unwell

5 4.5≤ NK < 5 Not healthy Source: SE Bank Indonesia No. 9/12/DPNP/2007 3. Earnings

Profitability ratio aims to determine the bank's ability to generate profits and measure the level of management effectiveness in running the company's operations. The measurement uses the ratio of Return On Assets (ROA), Net Interest Margin (NIM) and Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO).

a. Return On Assets (ROA)

according to (Kuncoro & Suhardjono, 2011)Return on Assets (ROA) displays the expertise of the person in charge of the bank in terms of how to use his assets so that the company can earn income. Profitability calculation using ROA with the following formula.

ROA =𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑥 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 X 100

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Table 4. Standards for Rating ROA

1 ≥1.5% Very healthy

2 1.25% 1.5% Healthy

3 0.5% 1.25% Healthy enough

4 0% 0.5% Unwell

5 Negative Not healthy

Source: SE Bank Indonesia No. 9/12/DPNP/2007 b. Net Interest Margin (NIM)

According to (Taswan, 2010)Net Interest Margin is the ratio of net interest income to the average earning assets. Profitability calculation using NIM with the following formula:

NIM =𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 X 100 % Table 5. NIMI Rating Standards

1 ≥ 3% Very healthy

2 2% – 3% Healthy

3 1.5% – 2% Healthy enough

4 1% – 1.5% Unwell

5 1% Not healthy

Source: SE Bank Indonesia No. 9/12/DPNP/2007 c. Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO)

Profitability calculation using BOPO with the following formula:

BOPO =𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑠

𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 X 100 % Table 6. Standards for Rating BOPO

1 <90% Very healthy

2 <90% - <94% Healthy

3 94% - 96% Healthy enough

4 96% - 100% Unwell

5 >100% Not healthy

Source: SE Bank Indonesia No. 9/12/DPNP/2007 4. Capital

According to (Cashmere, 2016) CAR is the ratio between the ratio of capital to Risk Weighted Assets and according to government regulations. The measurement of capital uses the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). This ratio is a comparison between capital and RWA (Risk Weighted Assets) with the following formula:

CAR =𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑇𝑀𝑅 X 100 %

Table 7. Standards for Assessment of CAR. Ratings

1 ≥ 12% Very healthy

2 9% – 12% Healthy

3 8% – 9% Healthy enough

4 5% - 8% Unwell

5 5% Not healthy

Source: SE Bank Indonesia No. 9/12/DPNP/2007

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Determine the overall composite weight by calculating the number of composite values divided by the total composite values and then multiplying by 100%. Each component in the financial ratio that occupies the composite will be assessed as follows:

a. Rank 1 = Will be rated “5”

b. 2nd = Will be given a value of “4”

c. Rank 3 = Will be given a value of " 3 "

d. Rank 4 = Will be assigned a value of “2”

e. Rank 5 = Will be assigned a value of “1”

Table 8. Weight of Bank Health Composite Rating Composite

Rating

Criteria Information

PK 1 86% - 100% Very healthy

PK 2 71% - 85% Healthy

PK 3 61% - 70% Healthy enough

PK 4 41% - 60% Unwell

PK 5 <40% Not healthy

Source: (Goddess, 2018)

2. Results and Discussion

3.1. Risk Profile

1. Non-Perfoaming Loans (NPL)

The risk accepted by the bank for customer delays or delays in fulfilling their obligations.

Table 9. Calculation of NPL Year Troubled

Credit

Total Credit

NPL Note:

2019 18,839 753.687 2.50% Healthy

2020 24,856 726,807 3.42% Healthy

Source: Processed Data, 2021

Based on the results of research Non-Perfoaming Loan (NPL) can be used to measure the health level of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk on credit risk factors. NPL value of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk for 2 years, namely 2019 - 2020 at 2.50% and 3.42%. The results of these calculations indicate that the overall credit risk at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk can be said to be healthy or good. This is in accordance with the criteria for determining the value of the NPL rating where the NPL value between 2% - 3.5% is included in the healthy criteria. This shows that the ability of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk in selecting prospective borrowers so that the number of non-performing loans was reduced. In this case, even though the results of credit quality show that it is healthy or good, it is better if PT.

2. Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR)

This ratio measures the total amount of credit by comparing it with the amount of funds originating from third parties, namely demand deposits, savings and time deposits.

Table 10. Calculation of LDR Year Total

Credit

Third-party funds

LDR Note:

2019 753.687 89,256,340 89% Healthy enough

2020 726,807 101,320,778 75% Healthy

Source: Data processed, 2021

LDR value of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk for 2 years, namely 2019-2020 by 74% and 64%. The results of these calculations indicate that the overall liquidity risk at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk can be said to be very healthy. In this case, it indicates that PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk is very maximal or very good in managing the company's liquidity so that it does not cause a liquidity shortage. This is reflected in the results of the LDR value which is not more than 75% where the LDR value between 50%-75% is included in the very healthy criteria.

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In the Good Corporate Governance assessment carried out in 2019-2020, PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk received a score obtained from the Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI) of 94.86 for 2019 and 94.94 for 2020.

Table 11. GCG Assessment Based on Self-Assessment

Year Score Note:

2019 1 Very healthy

2020 1 Very healthy

The assessment of the bank's soundness level is viewed from the aspect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) which is measured using a Self-Assessment assessment. PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk obtained a very healthy predicate with a composite value of 1 based on the results of Self-Assessment. From this description it can be assumed that the smaller the score obtained, the very good the company is in implementing governance.

From the predicate obtained reflects that PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk has implemented good governance in general. This is reflected in the adequate fulfillment of the principles of governance, although there are weaknesses in the application of the principles of governance, but these weaknesses are not significant and can be resolved very well by the management of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk.

3.2. Earnings

1. Return On Assets (ROA)

This ratio aims to measure the extent to which management is successful in utilizing the company's assets so as to obtain maximum income.

Table 12. Calculation of ROA Year Profit

before tax

Total Assets ROA Note:

2019 36,441,440 1,318,246,335 2.76% Very healthy 2020 23,298.041 1,429,334,484 1.63% Very healthy

In the ROA ratio, the value generated by PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk for 2 years, namely 2019-2020 at 2.76% and 1.63%. It can be seen that the ROA of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk scored 1.5%. In accordance with the ROA value determination matrix where if the resulting value is 1.5% then it is included in the very healthy criteria. In the description the ability of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk in obtaining profits by relying on its assets can be said to be very good, therefore PT. Bank Mandiri (the Company) Tbk is included in the bank with very good asset management.

2. Net Interest Margin (NIM)

This ratio is used to measure the ability of bank management in managing its productive assets to generate net interest income.

Table 13. Calculation of NIM Year Net interest

income

Productive Assets

NIM Note:

2019 59,440,188 1,215,192,595 4.89% Healthy 2020 56,508,129 1,351,996,814 4.18% Healthy

In the NIM ratio, the value generated by PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk for 2 years, namely 2019-2020 at 4.89% and 4.18%. It can be seen that the NIM obtained is 3%, in accordance with the matrix for determining the NIM value if the ratio shows a value of 3% then it is included in the very healthy criteria. It can be concluded that PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk has excellent management capabilities in managing its productive assets to generate net interest income for the company and the bank's very high profitability ability to anticipate losses so that the possibility of the bank in trouble is very small.

3. Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO)

This ratio is calculated by dividing operating expenses with operating income and then multiplied by 100%.

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Table 14. Calculation of BOPO Year Operating

Expenses

Operating Income

BOPO Note:

2019 36,649,799 70,258,192 52.16% Healthy 2020 35,712,568 57,370,793 62.25% Very healthy

In the BOPO ratio, the value produced by PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk for 2 years, namely 2019-2020 by 52.16% and 62.25%. It can be seen that the BOPO value obtained is 90%, in accordance with the BOPO rating matrix if the resulting value is 90% then it is included in the very healthy criteria. It can be concluded that during 2019-2020 PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk has the ability to manage operating expenses and operating income of the company very well so that the possibility of problems is very small.

3.3. Capital

The capital adequacy ratio or CAR is the ratio used to overcome the risk of current and future losses.

Table 15. Calculation of CAR

Year Bank

Capital

Total RWA CAR Note:

2019 188,828,259 882,905,621 21.39% Healthy 2020 164,657,355 827,461,178 19.90% Very healthy

In the CAR ratio, the value generated by PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk for 2 years, namely 2019-2020 by 21.39% and 19.90%. It can be seen that the CAR value obtained is 12%, in accordance with the CAR rating matrix if the resulting value is 12% then it is included in the very healthy criteria. It can be assumed that PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk has a good level of capital adequacy to fulfill its obligations. In dealing with the risks that will occur as well as in funding the company's operational activities. Strong capital adequacy is expected so that banks are able to cope if the company experiences losses and protect existing sources of funds.

Based on the results of the assessment of the soundness of the bank measured using the ratio of NPL, LDR, GCG, ROA, NIM, BOPO and CAR. Determination of the value of the health composite rating at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk from 2019 to 2020 can be seen in the table below:

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Table 16. Determination of the composite ranking of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk for 2019-2020 using the RGEC Method.

Year Compon ent

Ratio Score Ratio

Rating Predicate Note: PK

1 2 3 4 5

2019

Risk Profile

NPL 2.50% 4 Healthy Very

healthy

Very health y

LDR 74% 5 Very

healthy

GCG Self-

Assessm ent

1.17% 5 Very

healthy

Very healthy

Earnings ROA 2.76% 5 Very

healthy Very healthy

NIM 4.89% 5 Very

healthy BOPO 52.16

%

5 Very

healthy Capital CAR 21.39

%

5 Very

healthy

Very healthy Composi

te Value

35 30 4 (34/35)*100% =

97.14%

2020

Risk Profile

NPL 3.42% 4 Healthy

Healthy

Very health y

LDR 64% 5 Very

healthy

GCG Self-

Assessm ent

1.17% 5 Very

healthy

Very healthy

Earnings ROA 1.63% 5 Very

healthy

Very healthy

NIM 4.18% 5 Very

healthy BOPO 62.25

%

5 Very

healthy Capital CAR 19.90

%

5 Very

healthy Composi

te Value

35 30 4 (34/35)*100% =

94.28%

Average Composi te Value

(94.28+94.28)/2 = 97.14%

Very health y Source: Edited by the author, 2021

Based on the table above, the assessment uses the Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, Capital or RGEC method to assess the health of a bank by using the components of a risk profile, good corporate governance, income and capital in all aspects during 2019-2020 occupying the composite level 1 (PK-1).

Specifically, the average composite rating of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk obtained a composite value of 97.14%. Based on the weight of the RGEC composite rating, the value of 86% - 100% is included in the very healthy criteria. In this case, according to the average composite value produced by PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, it is ranked 1 (PK-1) which is very healthy.

4. Conclusion

Based on the results of the research and discussion that have been described regarding the assessment of bank soundness using the RGEC method, it can be concluded as follows:

1. Bank Health Assessment in terms of the Risk Profile Aspect, PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk in 2019 to 2020 seen from credit risk using the NPL (Non-Perfoaming Loan) ratio stated as a whole it can be said to be

"Healthy". While the calculation of liquidity risk using the LDR (Loan to Deposit Ratio) ratio as a whole is included in the "Very Healthy" predicate.

2. Bank Soundness Assessment from the Good Corporate Governance Aspect, PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk for 2 years from 2019 to 2020 received the title "Very Healthy" with a composite value of 1 based on the Self-Assessment assessment. This shows that PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk has performed very well.

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3. Bank Soundness Assessment from the Earnings Aspect, PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk for 2 years, 2019 to 2020, proxied by three ratios, namely ROA (Return On Assets), NIM (Net Interest Margin), BOPO (Operating Expenses to Operating Income). ROA ratio at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk received the title

"Very Healthy". NIM ratio at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk received the title "Very Healthy". Then for the BOPO ratio, PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk received the title "Very Healthy". In the description of the results of the three overall ratios for the aspect of profitability or Earnings, PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk is stated in the title "Very Healthy".

4. Bank Soundness Assessment from the Capital Aspect, PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk for 2 years from 2019 to 2020 measured using the Capital Adequacy Ratio or CAR shows that the bank is in the "Very Healthy"

category.

5. The Bank's Health Assessment in terms of the overall RGEC Aspect can be stated that PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk is a very healthy bank. This can be seen from the composite value obtained, which is 97.14%

with a rank of 1 (PK-1).

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Bank Indonesia Regulation No.13/1/PBI/2011 concerning Assessment of Bank Soundness Level, Bank Indonesia Regulation 1 (2011).

Bank Indonesia Circular Letter No. 13/24/DPNP dated October 25, 2011, concerning Matrix for Calculation of Component Analysis of RGEC Factor Analysis for Commercial Banks., (2011).

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Biography

Paula Axellita Kravitz, born in Surabaya, Indonesia. She is currently pursuing a bachelor's degree in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Narotama University Surabaya.

R. Agus Baktiono, born in Pasuruan, studied Bachelor of Economics at Narotama University graduating in 1986, further study in Master of Management Program graduated in 2002 at Narotama University Surabaya. His career in the field of education began in 1985 as a lecturer assistant, and at this time has achieved the academic position of Head Lector, certified lecturer and assessor of LKD serdos, as well as internal auditor for Higher Education Quality Assurance. In addition, since 1989 he has been active in various professional organizations, including ISEI, REI, as a management expert at various Consultants. Structural positions he has held in the field of education, among others, as Head of the Department.

Muchamad Arif, is a lecturer at Narotama University, Surabaya, Indonesia. He is also as Head of Narotama Language Center at Narotama University, Surabaya, Indonesia. He got master degree in English Education from Unika Widya Mandala, Surabaya, Indonesia.