English Education Study Program – STKIP PGRI West Sumatera [2017]
2) Siska 1
3) Yelliza
AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN USING MODAL AUXILIARIES OF SECOND YEAR
AT SMA N 2 KOTO XI TARUSAN
Dita Putri Ayu1),Siska2), Yelliza 3)
1)English department student, college of teaching training and education (PGRI) West Sumatera E-mail: ditaputriayu0620@yahoo.com
2)English department lectures, college of teaching training and education (PGRI) West Sumatera E-mail:siskafahlevi@yahoo.com
3)English department lectures, college of teaching training and education (PGRI) West Sumatera E-mail: yellizajr@gmail.com
ABSTRACT .
The purpose of this research was to know students’ difficulties in using modal auxiliaries at SMA N 2 Koto XI Tarusan. This research was descriptive research that used qualitatve method. The participants were the students of class XI that consist of five classes, they are: XI IPA1, XI IPA2, XI IPA3, XI IPS1and XI IPS2. The technique of data collection in this research israndom sampling. In this study, the reseacher used two instruments such as test and interview. In the test, the reseacher gave the test for 30 students. The test of this research contained modal auxiliaries was 20 questions to students.
Based on the result of the test, there were 15 students got low score which follow the test that showed students faced difficulties in using modal auxiliaries and there were also 15 students get high score when did the test. So, the researcher want to analyze the students got low score when did the test. Than the interview this did some students who got low score. Based on the result of the research that found there were some mistakes that made by the students in using modal auxiliaries, such as: the students got difficulties to determine the function of modal auxiliaries and they confused between form and functions of modal auxiliaries. In conclutions, the students of class XI at SMA N 2 Koto XI Tarusan had difficulties in using modal auxiliaries.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesulitan siswa dalam menggunakan modal auxiliaries di SMA N 2 Koto XI Tarusan.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Partisipannya adalah 30 orang siswa dari kelas XI yang terdiri dari lima kelas, yaitu XI IPA 1, XI IPA 2, XI IPA 3, XI IPS 1, and XI IPS 2. Teknik pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini adalah random sampling. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan dua instrumen yaitu tes dan wawancara. Peneliti memberikan tes kepada 30 orang siswa untuk melihat kesulitan siswa dalam menggunakan modal auxiliaries dan tes yang diberikan berjumlah 20 soal. Dari hasil tes ada 15 orang siswa yang mengikuti tes mendapatkan nilai rendah yang menunjukkan bahwa siswa tersebut menghadapi kesulitan dalam menggunakan modal auxiliaries dan ada juga 15 orang siswa mendapatkan nilai tertinggi dalam tes tersebut. Jadi, disini peneliti ingin meneliti siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam menggunakan modal auxiliaries. Data juga diperkuat dengan wawancara terhadap beberapa orang siswa yang mendapatkan nilai terendah dalam melakukan tes tersebut.
Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa adanya beberapa kesalahan yang di buat oleh siswa dalam menggunakan modal auxiliaries, seperti: siswa kesulitan membandingkan fungsi modal auxiliaries andsiswa juga bingung antara bentuk dan fungsi dari modalauxiliaries. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa kelas XI SMA N 2 Koto XI Tarusan mempunyai kesulitan dalam menggunakan modal auxiliaries.
Kata Kunci: Kesulitan siswa, Modal Auxiliari
2 INTRODUCTION
Grammar is the rules in using language for changing the form of word and joining they in order to deliver meaning of a massage. It indicates that grammar provides a way to understand the relationship of the meaning and shape to function in context. In learning english, grammar becomes an important point to create an understanding because grammar derives meaning from consderation of a clause. Greenbaum and Gerald (2002:6) state that grammar is a thing that needs to be learned by the students to used language more effectively in producing words.
It means that grammar is one of the ways to express ideas about something happen into written product. Grammar can also help the writer to transform their ideas into written product in good composition in order to avoid misunderstanding inproducing written product.
Grammar became an important part of language that cannot be denied at all.
Grammar must be mastered in order to use English accurately and meaningfully. As Huddlestonand pullum (2007) stated that grammar deals with the form of sentences and smaller units: clauses, phrases and words.
It is found that several phenomena that happen on the field related to students’
written product about modal auxiliaries. First, they did not understand about grammar which often make some errors. Last, the students did not know what kinds of modal auxiliaries.
Some of them still ask the teacher to translate about the situations that has been given by the researcher. Therefore, it is important to reveal the problems that students face in using modal auxiliaries. As one of the important components in grammar, modal auxiliaries verbs has to be practice by the students. It was because they should builttheirunderstand about the meaning, function, and the form of auxiliaries verbs. Based on the phenomena above it can be seen that the students have difficulties in using modal auxiliaries.
Modal has some form. According to Raimes (2004) state that there are some forms of modal auxiliaries. First, never add an-s ending to a modal auxiliary modal do not change form to show number or person.
Second, modal auxiliary always used the based
form of the main verb or auxiliary be after a modal auxiliary,whatever present or past. Last, Modal auxiliary are used with the negative not which always follow the modal auxiliary even when there are other auxiliary be or have present.There are some usages of modal that should be comprehend by the students. Modal auxiliaries can be used by the students base on their needs. The learning of modal also should appropriate with the function. In the other words, the learning of modal should appropriate to the content and context.
Applying modal auxiliaries verbs are not easy for the students. Most of they are still confused about how to write sentences by in using modal auxiliaries especially in writing practice.It is because they do not understand about the structure form of modal auxiliaries verbs. Raimes (2004) states that there are some students’ difficulties relate to the applying modal auxiliaries. When they try to apply the auxiliaries by using the threeperson singular, there is still a perception from them that the sentence should be add by –s or – es.Although, modals do not change form to show number or person.
RESEARCH METHOD
In this research, the researcher used descriptive research to collect the data.
According to Gay and Airasian (2000), descriptive study determines and describes the way things are. In other words, descriptive reseach was used to eplore and describes the real situation that really happen in the field.
The researcher choosen descriptive research because it is appropriate with the purpose of this research and she wants to describe and give information to the teacher about students’
difficulties in using modal auxiliaries of second year at SMAN 2 Tarusan.
The participants in this research issecond year students of SMA N 2 Koto XI Tarusan. The total numbers of this participants were 150 students. In this research, the researcher used random sampling technique to select the sample of the research. As states by Gay and Airasian (2000:123) random sampling was the process of selecting a sample in such a way that all individuals in the defined population had an equal and
3 indenpentchange of being selected for the
sample.It means that all of the students of second year at SMAN 2 Tarusan possible to be participants. Thus, the researcher took 20%
from total of the students’ amount. The total of participants is 30 students. In this research, the researcher took the data by using simple random sampling.
Instrument was necessary in doing a research. Instrument was a tool used by researcher to collect data or to get desire information from participants. According to Gay and Airasian (2000:145) instrument is a tool or something that used to collect the data.In this research,the researcherusedone instrument to find the data, because to make the data more valid. There was test and interview. According to Gay and Airasian (2000:145)a test is a sample terms of measuring a persons’ ability, knowledge, or performance. The purpose of the test is to measure the students’ writing. Test is collected by the researcher before starting the interview.
After the second instrument in gathering the data in this research by interview. According to Ary (2010) interviews are used to gatherdata from people about opinion, beliefs, and feeling about situations in their own words. The reseacher used unstructured interview.According to Ary (2009) stated that unstructured interview, which is a conversational type of interviewed the respondents based on the research needed in this research. The interview is doingbetweeninterviewer to findstudents’
reasons about their difficulties in learning modal auxiliaries based on the result of their test which hasgive by the researcher before. In this research, the researcher used interview.
In technique of data collectionthe researcher did some steps. First, theresearcher ask about teacher’s schedule in teaching English subject. Then, the researcherask the teacher to give a test to the students. Last, the researcher collected it and check it with the teacher before doing the interview.
The interview is conducted by the researcher based on the result of the test. The researcher choosen the students that the participants in this research based on thetest results. After that, the researcher conductsthe interview by asking some questions related to
the reseacher to the respondent. The reseacher will interview and write note after the interview.Then the interview process is Indonesia Language.
Technique of data Analysis the researcher analyzed the data based on the instrumentations. According to Gay and Airasian (2000), there are several steps in analyzing the data; data managing, reading/memoing, describing, classifying and interpreting.
a. Data managing, the data will be managed before doing analysis. It consist of preparing and organizing the data that will be analyzed. Here the researcher managed the data from second year of SMA N 2 Koto X1 Tarusan.
b. Reading/memoing, it is a process to obtain general information and reflection in its overall meaning. Here the researcher read the students test about modal auxiliaries give general information and reflection in using modal auxiliaries.
c. Description, it is a process to describe the data, in this step the reseacher described the data based on analysis document test and interview students.
d. Classifying, it is a basically process of analyzing data in research. The data will be collected, read, amd determined into smaller units categories.
e.
Interpreting, interpreting is based on connection, common aspect and linkages of data toword researchers understading.Therefore, the researcher interprets second year students of SMA N 2 Koto X1 Tarusan difficulties in using of modal auxiliaries.Thereseacher interprets students tets in using modal auxiliaries and the researcher presented the data that the researcher got from analysis test about the students’ difficulties in using modal auxiliaries
.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
To find out students’ difficulties in using modal auxiliaries, the reseacher had analyzed both students’ test and interview. In this research, the reseacher used test and interview to find students’ difficulties in using modal auxiliaries. Based on the analysis of
4 students’ test in using modal auxiliaries. It
could be proved based on the result of the test that showed many mistake determining in ability in modal auxiliaries. Even some participants made mistake in all question.
From 15 pasticipants,15 participants had difficulty in determining ability in modal auxiliaries, 15 pasticipants, participants had difficulty in determining willingnes in modal auxiliaries, and 15 participants had difficulty in determining request in modal auxiliaries. it could be understood that most of the participants still faced difficulties in dong the test.
In addition, after the reseacher did the interview, The first difficulty in modal auxiliaries was in determining ability in modal auxiliaries itself. They still did not understand yet to place the form modal auxiliaries into the correct order. It could be proved by their test that still failed to put the correct a sentence ability.The second difficulty in determining was in willingnes in modal auxiliaries, it could be proved by the result of their test that still made mistake in determining willingnes in modal auxiliaries. The last, difficulty for the participants was the difficulty in determining request itself. They still did not understand yet to place the request into the correct order. The students felt difficult to determining the request in modal auxiliaries. it could be proved by their test that still missplaced in the test.
Based on the elaboration above, the reseacher found some difficulties of the students in using modal auxiliaries.Generally, their difficulties related to the difficulty in determining ability, willingnes and request of modal auxiliaries that caused by their lack understanding of form used in modal auxiliaries itself and they still could not comprehend each part of modal auxiliaries that consist of ability, willingnes and request.The result interview most the student felt difficulties in using modal auxiliaries And students also do not understand about functions modal auxiliaries.
In this study, the reacher took some expert about modal auxiliaries. The reacher found what aredifficulties encountered by the students in learning modal auxiliaries at second year of SMA N 2 Koto X1 Tarusan.
After the reseacher did test and interview to some participants at the second year a students
SMA N 2Koto XI Tarusan about modal auxiliaries, the reseacher found the problem;
difficulty in determining ability in modal auxiliaries, difficulty in determining willingnes in modal auxiliaries and difficulty in determining request in modal auxiliaries.
CONCLUSIONS
From finding in chapter IV, the researcher concludes that the students of SMAN 2 Koto X1 Tarusan class X1 were enough able in modal auxiliaries most of students .Based on the research question that is stated in chapter I previously, the purpose of this research is to describe the difficulties which are encountered by the students at SMAN 2 Tarusan in using modal auxiliaries.
In collecting the data it is done throughinterview the respondents based on document test. It is chosen because the researcher wanted to get the data more deep and diverse information. In which, this research do in order to get the students information.
Based on the overall categories, the biggest problem that the students got about their difficulties in using modal auxiliaries were in choosing detremining ability, willingnes and request in constructing in modal auxiliaries itself. Because of this problem, they could not produce correct modal auxiliaries sentence while doing their test. This problem happened because most of them still did not understand about the form of modal auxiliaries itself.
From the explanation above, based on the result of the test of some participants, the reseacher can give conclusion that the students’ difficulties in using modal auxiliaries consist of three variables that has explained in chapter II before that are difficulty in determining ability in modal auxiliaries, difficulty in determining willingnes in modal auxiliariers and difficulty in determining request in modal auxiliariers.Based on the test, some a students did not understand about modal auxiliaries.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
AlhamdulillhahHirobbilalamin, the researcher praises to ALLAH SWT the almighty who has given me the strength,
5 health and bless to complete this thesis entitled
“An Analysis of Students Difficulties In Using Modal Auxiliaries of Second Year at SMA N 2 Koto X1 Tarusan ” this thesis is aim to fulfill one of the requirements for S1 degree of STKIP PGRI Padang Sumatera Barat.
A special thanks and appreciation from the deepest heart are given to advisors, Siska, S.S, M.Pd., and Dra. Yelliza, M.M.Pd, who have guided and given their times, energy, opinions, suggestions and supports in completing this thesis
.
Thank you very much for both ofmy advisors.REFERENCES
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Greenbaum, Sidney., Gerald Nelson. 2002. An Introduction To English Grammar.
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