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PERSPEKTIF
Available online http://ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/perspektif
The Analysis of the Role of Technological Transformation in Accelerated Local Government Bureaucracy Reform
Ana Suheri1)*, Zulqarnain2), Nurdin I. Muhammad3) Ade Risna Sari4) &
Pandu Adi Cakranegara5)
1) Study Program of Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas PGRI Palangka Raya, Indonesia
2) Study Program Comparative Schools and Law (PMH), Faculty of Sharia, Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Syaifuddin Jambi, Indonesia
3) Development Economics Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Khairun, Indonesia
4) Public Administration Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Indonesia
5) Management Science Study Program, Faculty of Business, Universitas Presiden, Indonesia Received: 02 January 2023; Reviewed: 21 January 2023; Accepted: 06 April 2023
Abstract
This paper to discuss the role of technological transformation in accelerating bureaucratic reform in both the central and regional governments in the era of autonomy. In particular, we would explain the digital technology to service public needs, Basic Concepts of E-Government, sub-chapter on the stages of Bureaucratic Transformation and the impact of reform on public services. There needed to be more data discussing the role of technology in accelerating bureaucratic reform. We obtained scientific evidence from a series of electronic searches of the literature, books, and other academic works. To obtain valid data, we investigate it using a phenomenological method., which involves, among other things, an in-depth evaluation data testing system; concluding begins with an interpretation of the data so that it genuinely answers the study problem. After discussing in-depth findings, we can conclude that the role of technological transformation in accelerating local government bureaucratic reform in Indonesia is a solution that has a very positive impact on all public services. This is due to technology's ability to innovate and transform public service tasks that are increasing and being compared. In addition, we also found that the digital technology to service public needs, the basic concepts of E- Government, the stages of bureaucratic transformation and the impact of reform on public services as located in finding section. Hopefully, these findings will be useful in future studies of technology and public services, particularly government bureaucracy.
Keywords: Analysis; Technological role; Acceleration; Local Government; Bureaucratic Reform.
How to Cite: Suheri, A., Zulqarnain., Muhammad, N.I., Sari, A.R., &Cakranegara, P.A., (2023). The Analysis of the Role of Technological Transformation in Accelerated Local Government Bureaucracy Reform. PERSPEKTIF, 12 (2): 479-491
*Corresponding author:
E-mail: heripalangka88@gmail.com
ISSN 2085-0328 (Print) ISSN 2684-9305 (Online)
INTRODUCTION
Studies on the role of technological transformation in accelerating local government bureaucratic reform in Indonesia continue to be carried out (Maulana et al., 2022). It is evident that the progress of bureaucratic reform is increasingly visible every year, and information technology is one of the driving factors for this acceleration. Information technology enables government transparency and communication between the government and society. Communities can use technology to monitor and oversee government performance. For us writers, this situation creates a climate of bureaucratic reform that encourages innovation in governance to be an exciting issue to understand (Brynjolfsson &
McAfee, 2012). The climate for bureaucratic reform is very suitable because the development of information technology allows people to monitor what we are doing. The government can reach the community more efficiently thanks to information technology because it involves parties close to the community, people's representatives, and local governments.
This kind of study will help the government get more intensive input so that there will be much encouragement to continue to innovate to achieve reform goals. In this case, implementing bureaucratic reform aims to create a clean, accountable, and capable government to serve the community quickly, precisely, and professionally and is free from corruption.
That makes all parties look for ways to encourage the acceleration of national and regional government bureaucratic reform (Juwono, 2016).
The accelerating reform with the encouragement of the role of information technology is progress and a challenge.
However, on the other hand, it is a motivator because what public officials do is known by the public and further increases public participation (Hoffman et al., 2013). The government can reach the
public more efficiently because the socialization and integration of public opinion in policy-making are improving.
Public involvement and the ease of getting the public to create a climate conducive to innovation are essential. At least, the government faces two challenges in strengthening bureaucratic reform. First, there is a public misperception that breakthrough could be better financial management. Second, the effectiveness of budgeting sometimes differs from procedural conditions. Emil gave an example, the budget for road construction in area A has been carried out, but socially and technically, it turns out that in the Burglar area, the urgency is higher after seeing the situation on the ground. The government has to wait for budget changes because budgeting is done immediately every year. The community is expected to be involved in bureaucratic reform and realize the importance of budget flexibility so that the government is more agile in overcoming societal problems (Siddique et al., 2022). The public must know, have a voice, and be part of the democratic process.
When it comes to the purposes of democratic governance, one of the outcomes of successful bureaucratic reform is the quality of public services (Cordella &
Bonina, 2012). The success of these reforms is a barometer of general satisfaction—
however, the dynamics of a massive society demand that public services become faster and easier. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to use digital technology more optimally to encourage the creation of efficient and responsive services. For this reason, using digital technology in public services will encourage the creation of effective, efficient, fast, and responsive public services (Rose et al., 2015). The ultimate purpose of public service is to increase the well-being of the people. This prosperity can be achieved, among other things, by providing a place where services for the community can be accessed through
one door. As a result, constructing Public Service Malls in each district/city is critical.
Public services are expected to provide services that cover all licensing and non- licensing services that fall under the authority of the central and regional governments, as well as BUMN and BUMD, based on the demands and requirements of each region. Based on this idea, the fulfillment of public service activities has been governed based on government rules to support the community's fundamental requirements and welfare. As a result, three key components exist in public services.
The first component is the organization of public service providers, the second component is the service user (customer), an individual, community, or organization with an interest, and the third component is the government (Nguyen et al., 2014).
Therefore, the government emphasized that public service officers must be able to provide direct, electronic, independent, and mobile services according to measurable targets. "Public services must also have measurable performance targets so that the achievements that have been implemented successfully can be seen, and the obstacles and challenges faced can be evaluated (Christensen & Wright, 2011). On the other hand, the government also hopes that along with enhancing the quality of public services and human resources (HR) must also be improved. So, the services provided can be more optimal in the future. "I hope that the quality of human resources for public service providers will continue to improve to create good governance in public services," Concluding his directive, the officers in public services advised all levels of government in Aceh Province as one of the local government to strengthen cooperation between stakeholders so that public services become more adaptive and competitive (Hartley et al., 2013).
Eakin et al., (2011) maintain efforts to improve public service accessibility, comfort, and speed. For public services to
become more adaptable and competitive, consolidation, collaboration, and synergy between ministries/agencies, other local governments, and the business community must continually be strengthened. The MSME development program, the acceleration of the delivery of Covid-19 vaccinations to the community, the utilization of village funds, and other topics were previously reported on by the Regional Secretary of Aceh Province. The Governor's Regulation on Integrated Entrepreneurship Development is one means of assistance to them. In addition, seven training offices, nine types of assistance, stimulus, and partnerships with various parties provide business actors with coaching (Guccio et al., 2012).
Providing community services today still needs improvement due to several inhibiting and supporting factors (Kao et al., 2012). They need more facilities, monotonous service methods, and incompetent personnel resources. The supporting elements include the development of the digital age, the demand from the public who want effective and efficient services, and a healthy government environment. This is supported by an assessment from the Ombudsman stating that in 2019 the Ombudsman, as a public service supervisory institution, received a community report reaching 11,087 complaints. Compared to 2018, only 10,985 complaints, and the number is increasing every year (Sutaryo et al., 2022). The local government became the reported party receiving many complaints based on the information. Looking at the data above, it is necessary to improve public services to realize bureaucratic reform in the future. As a result, in Information Technology, governance innovation is critical to providing public services in the digital age.
The fourth industrial revolution has impacted many aspects of life in the development of modern technology with
the expansion of internet of things technologies (Maciejewski, 2017).
Facing industry 4.0 bureaucratic reform, technological innovation is needed to make providing public services for the ASN community easier and create an effective and efficient bureaucracy in government agencies to realize good governance. With the development of the bureaucracy in Indonesia and the growing demands for effective and efficient state administration services, the simplification of the staff bureaucracy or ASN is decreasing and demands that state administrators continue to innovate to achieve state goals (Hashemi et al., 2013).
The demand for bureaucratic simplification is challenging for all employees; with this simplification, employees must innovate as much as possible by prioritizing bureaucratic ethics. The need how to organize public services can be carried out according to the principles of speed, ease, and affordability Acceleration of services to the community makes the government bureaucracy required to continue to take innovative steps to provide better public services, including the ASN itself which will be threatened with its existence by simplification of the bureaucracy. Quality will get a place that does not have quality/competence and will be gradually eliminated. Nowadays, ASN demands that they carry out mass change movements to encourage the achievements of bureaucratic reform to be immediate (Handoko & Yubaidi, 2020).
RESEARCH METHOD
In the following, we describe the method of carrying out a study entitled analysis of the role of technological transformation in accelerating local government bureaucracy to achieve quality reforms in Indonesia (Pratama, 2019). Few study reports report the role of technology in transforming local government bureaucratic reforms. Therefore, we have collected several data from literature
sources on book applications and academic papers that actively discuss technology issues and accelerate local government reform. We have searched the data electronically and then analyzed it under a phenomenological approach, this includes a data coding method, in-depth review, high interpretation, and conclusion. The data reaches high validity and reliability because it has to answer the study problem (Shaturaev, 2014). We are looking for this, published between 2010 and 2022, because of the obstacles in the last ten years there has been innovation and technological transformation of bureaucratic reform services for the central and regional governments. This study fully uses secondary data. We then design the report in a descriptive qualitative study where we see how technological phenomena can inform the acceleration of regional government bureaucratic reform. Likewise, among other things, data analysis, the implementation of this study began with the search for problem formulation data, analysis, and reporting of birth, which we report on a cheerful qualitative design in the literature model (Andersen et al., 2010).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Digital Technology to Service Public Need
Public services can be provided digitally or through computers rather than using human labor. It does, however, lean more toward a computerized system or format that a computer can understand, as well as a completely automated and sophisticated operating system (Ting et al., 2020). Digital technology is more than a quick-calculating system that converts data into numerical values. Data capacity quality and efficiency created and transmitted data are altered due to this technological development. Because of improved quality, more effective capabilities, and quicker shipping processes, the image becomes more explicit (Aker, 2017). Digital technology stores and processes data using
a system of bits and bytes. Digital systems use a lot of tiny electrical switches with only two states or values (Binary 0 and 1). This framework brought about different critical advancements in correspondence, data change, information handling, information security, and taking care of progressively complex exercises. Correspondence has proliferated with the disclosure of progressively progressed information correspondence networks beginning from HSDPA, 2G, 3G, and 4G organizations and, surprisingly, beginning to enter high innovation, specifically 5G (Božanić &
Sinha, 2021).
This network technology has developed at such a snail's pace. Because it develops at a rate faster than hardware, many information technology consumers must keep up with these developments to benefit from them (Pepinsky et al., 2017).
While you can still use the 4G network, a faster and more extensive network is already in place. The development of digital technology will continue. Three factors will impact the development of this technology in the future: digital infrastructure, network convergence, and digital transition. Network convergence is known as the efficiency and effectiveness of available communication networks, such as telephone, video, and home and business communication. The greater the demand for network convergence, the more technological advancements will be necessary. The period of progress or move of innovation from the past to computerized innovation, both from the maker and shopper sides, has changed to picking a more straightforward innovation, in particular computerized innovation. In particular, network convergence will refer to lifestyle trends like spending more time with family at home and frequently traveling to combine work and play—
moreover, hecticness in the workplace among work and amusement needs. Digital product manufacturers will focus their business opportunities there due to this
trend. In the digital age, products and technology will evolve alongside people's lifestyle changes. In this era of network convergence, digital product manufacturers must be able to offer comprehensive solutions. Digital technology is the most popular option here due to the rapid changes in people's technological needs brought on by the rapid development of technology and their lifestyles (Sharma et al., 2012).
We could resume that the digital technology is more than just a quick- calculating system that converts data into numerical values; it has improved quality, more effective capabilities, and quicker shipping processes, making images more explicit. Digital technology uses binary 0 and 1 switches to store and process data, leading to advancements in correspondence, data change, information handling, and security. Network technology has developed at a snail's pace, and consumers must keep up with these developments to benefit from them. Digital infrastructure, network convergence, and digital transition will all influence the development of this technology in the future. Network convergence is the efficiency and effectiveness of available communication networks, and the greater the demand for network convergence, the more technological advancements will be necessary. Digital product manufacturers are focusing on the digital age due to the rapid changes in people's technological needs and lifestyles. Digital technology is the most popular option due to its ability to provide comprehensive solutions (Xie et al., 2020).
Basic Concepts of E-Government
Nordtveit, (2012) defines e- government as the use of information technology by government agencies (such as Wide Area Networks (WAN), the Internet, and mobile computing) to build relationships with communities, businesses, and other government agencies. Meanwhile, De Francesco &
Guaschino, (2020) describe "e- government" as a set of concepts for all acts in the public sector (both at the Central Government and at the local level) and Regional Governments levels) involving information and communication technology to optimize efficient, transparent, and effective public service processes. In line with this, Purbo stated that e-government is not just installing computers in each office because e- government has many socio-cultural consequences for the government (especially local governments) because e- government forces them to work professionally, and cleanly, with no corruption, no extortion, and others. After all, computers cannot be deceived and cannot tolerate fraud (Lofstedt, 2012).
Local government personnel must change their mindset before e-government can work efficiently. Meanwhile, another meaning of "e-government" is the use of information technology to open government and government information, facilitate online commerce, and promote democracy (Farida et al., 2020). The public service paradigm shifts from a bureaucratic paradigm to an e-government paradigm that places an emphasis on efficiency, transparency, and adaptability through e- government. This ultimately results in the satisfaction of users of the public service.
Indonesian e-government, which is still at the level of interaction, has yet to be able to transform public services for the better.
Even external communication cannot be appropriately utilized even though the existing means of interaction in forums, email, chat, polls, and others have been provided on every government website (Mutula & Mostert, 2010). There are still many challenges to implementing e- government in Indonesia, including human resources, hardware, and organization. The operationalization of e-government could be smoother because the interaction facilities provided must be appropriately utilized. This proves that e-government-
based public services require more severe preparation, not just implementing applications (Gati & Asmorowati, 2016).
Technology and infrastructure are also challenging due to limited hardware and software, and few government agencies are connected to local and global networks. Through the implementation of e-government, internal communication between government agencies can be more intertwined (Hashemi et al., 2013).
Meanwhile, in the organizational aspect, government agencies often encounter problems operating e-government. This obstacle is characterized by the inflexibility of the bureaucracy's organizational structure and work procedures, which can accommodate the development of a new model of public service through ie- government (Peters & Pierre, 2012).
Government as Bureaucracy Modernization In the book "Breaking through Bureaucracy: A New Vision for Managing in Government" y uses the term "post- bureaucracy paradigm" to describe the change from the traditional bureaucratic model to a modern public management system. According to Berkeley, the new public management concept has the following characteristics (Simione, 2013);
1) A shift from public interest to a focus on results and citizens' values. 2) A shift from efficiency to a focus on quality and value (effectiveness). 3) A shift from administration to service production. 4.
Shift from obedience to rules (norms) to focusing on control (Chu et al., 2010).
A shift from determining function, authority, and structure to focus on mission, customer service, and outcomes. 6.
Shift from cost considerations to focus on delivering value. Shift from imposing responsibility to building responsibility (Andrews et al., 2016). Shift from following rules and procedures to focusing on understanding and applying norms, identifying and solving problems, and improving processes on an ongoing basis.
Shifting and fulfilling administrative
systems to focus on service and control, expanding public choices, encouraging collective action, providing incentives, measuring and analyzing performance results, and providing feedback. Referring to Barzeley's concept of a change from the traditional bureaucratic model to a modern public management system, e-government is an effort to modernize the bureaucracy.
They feel that the rise of e-government applications in government, as well as the outcomes obtained by numerous industrialized nations, indicate that countries that wish to improve their public services must innovate in service management and increase the quality of their public services. Improving the quality of government services necessitates innovation, and one such innovation is e- government. According to one assessment, e-government is an application of information and communication technology that is intended to improve government performance and meet citizens' expectations for higher government quality (Simione, 2013).
We may conclude that the E- government is the use of information technology by government agencies to build relationships with communities, businesses, and other government agencies to optimize efficient, transparent, and effective public service processes. E- government is the use of information technology to open government and government information, facilitate online commerce, and promote democracy, with an emphasis on efficiency, transparency, and adaptability (Mutula & Mostert, 2010).
However, Indonesian e-government has yet to be able to transform public services for the better. The post-bureaucracy paradigm describes the change from the traditional bureaucratic model to a modern public management system, characterized by the inflexibility of bureaucracy's organizational structure and work procedures. E- government is an application of information and communication
technology that is intended to improve government performance and meet citizens' expectations for higher government quality. It is a shift from determining function, authority, and structure to focus on mission, customer service, and outcomes. It is an effort to modernize the bureaucracy and is based on Barzeley's concept of a change from the traditional bureaucratic model to a modern public management system. To improve public services, countries must innovate in service management and increase the quality of their public services (Andrews et al., 2016).
The Stages of Bureaucratic Transformation
The giving of autonomy to regions to control and administer their territories cannot be divorced from the people's desire for change in the administration of a government devoid of corruption, collusion, and nepotism (Anyanka, 2018).
Reform of government administration by granting autonomy to the regions is considered one of the efforts to break the chain of deviant behavior as a form of sound and clean governance oriented towards the prosperity and welfare of the community.
Bureaucratic reform is essential to do.
Bureaucratic reform requires soft skills to strengthen various regulations that the government has formulated. The government, as a public sector organization, is required to have performance that is oriented toward the community's interests and encourages the government to always be responsive to environmental demands by attempting to provide the best service in a transparent, accountable, and quality manner, as well as a good division of tasks within the government so that public services can be carried out (Siddique et al., 2022).
Bureaucracy is an important factor in achieving clean government and efficient governance, since it has a substantial impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of governance and development owing to
its critical position and function in administering policies and public services.
Bureaucracy is a necessary component of the governing system. Even if it is not ideal, the desire for bureaucratic reform reduces bureaucracy's lousy connotation (Defitriyani et al., 2022). Bureaucratic reform in the bureaucracy aims to build professional bureaucrats who can also adapt quickly to the environment. So that the bureaucracy can guarantee the representation of social institutions and society. Bureaucratic reform is the first step in implementing a good, effective and efficient governance system arrangement to serve the community quickly, precisely, and professionally. It is necessary to reform the bureaucracy in all sectors, including the public service sector. Factors that can encourage government bureaucratic reform are the need for change and renewal; Understanding the changes that occur in the national strategic environment; Understanding the changes in the global strategic environment;
Understanding the changes in the government management paradigm.
Performance-Based Governance is the purpose of administrative reform (Rohayatin et al., 2019).
The concepts of effectiveness, efficiency, and economy guide government administration; government performance is centered on attempts to achieve objectives (results). To facilitate performance data management, all government entities employ performance management backed by an electronic- based system (Heinrich, 2012). Each employee contributes to the organization's performance of the small work unit and work units above it. According to its duties and functions, each government agency has a measurable contribution to its performance—laws, and regulations, as well as the mindset of local government. In order to accelerate the achievement of results in the areas of change in bureaucratic reform, 9 (nine) Bureaucratic
Reform Acceleration Programs have been established. All government agencies use the acceleration program to support the implementation of bureaucratic reform in their respective agencies, both Ministries, Institutions, and Regional Governments.
The program for accelerating bureaucratic reform includes the following components:
restructuring government organizations, restructuring the number and distribution of civil servants, developing an open selection and promotion system, increasing civil servant professionalization, developing an integrated electronic government system, improving public services, strengthening the integrity and accountability of apparatus performance, and improving civil servant welfare (Rose et al., 2015).
Strengthening the HR of the State Apparatus as the executor of the regional autonomy policy can be accomplished by increasing the ability of the unit that manages ASN HR to create a competent and competitive HR apparatus, increasing individual application to increase the competence of HR apparatus, and increasing individual application to increase the competence of HR apparatus;
increase the professionalism of the work apparatus (Kao et al., 2012) The most obvious measure of the success of regional autonomy within the framework of free and progressive progress is innovation.
Although implemented simultaneously, regional autonomy only operates in the initial conditions, the burden of implementation, and the ability to produce the same results for the regional government. Some areas, for example, are endowed with favorable natural combinations. However, in addition to being at a low level of preparedness, several regions must be faced with minimal available modalities. In contrast, the challenges and problems they face are complex. Innovation is a requirement for a result-oriented and performance-oriented government (Abadi et al., 2019).
Assessing the progress of autonomy in terms of innovation means assessing how far the freedoms owned by the regions can encourage the emergence of intelligent, distinctive, and genuine local programs, policies, and ideas in dealing with any form of limitation or optimizing each form of the regional advantage they have. With regional autonomy, many districts/cities in East Java have stood out on the national stage. The city of Surabaya is known for its innovation in the digital field and has become a cyber city. Indonesian role comes with many innovations in the public service sector (Kuratko et al., 2014). Local government became popular internationally because of the efficiency of government. In this context, innovation finds significance. Innovation is not just another name for institutionalized local wisdom and genius. In every innovation, they have always hidden creativity. If breakthrough reflects progress, creativity reflects freedom. Innovation is not just an initiative; innovation is a breakthrough. If the initiative describes an observant early initiative, a breakthrough describes a combination of creativity and intelligence to get out of an impasse. Whether it is a stalemate due to limited means or a stalemate due to the tendency to try everything mediocre, in turn, no matter how good innovation is, it will be useless if it is not strategically meaningful, potentially productive, and has a sustainable effect (Soltmann et al., 2015).
Reform of government administration by granting autonomy to regions is essential to break the chain of deviant behavior and provide a form of sound and clean governance oriented towards the prosperity and welfare of the community.
Bureaucratic reform is essential for achieving clean government and efficient governance, and can be encouraged by change and renewal, understanding the national strategic environment, global strategic environment, and performance- based governance (Kuratko et al., 2014)..
Nine Bureaucratic Reform Acceleration Programs support bureaucratic reform, including restructuring government organizations, restructuring civil servants, developing an open selection and promotion system, increasing professionalization, improving public services, strengthening public services, and improving civil servant welfare. Regional autonomy requires innovation to achieve success, which is essential for a result- oriented and performance-oriented government. Regional autonomy encourages the emergence of intelligent, distinctive, and genuine local programs, policies, and ideas. Innovation is a breakthrough that combines creativity and intelligence to get out of impasses.
The Impact of Reform on Public Services Before the reform process in Indonesia, there were several issues with bureaucratic performance, such as delays in public services, bribery issues in permit services, convoluted administrative processes, and fat organizational structures that could have been more efficient and efficient in budget management (Walker et al., 2010). All of these issues are referred to as bureaucratic pathology (illness). Caiden coined the term bureaucratic pathology with the phrase bureaucratic pathologies.
Understanding the many illnesses present in a bureaucracy leads the bureaucracy to experience dysfunction, according to the research of Public Administration Science.
Public administration scholars, such as Gerald E. Caiden, Bozeman, and Sondag P.
Siagian have long used bureaucratic pathology to describe various kinds of bureaucratic sickness (Bhuiyan & Amagoh, 2011). In Indonesia, bureaucratic pathology has been classified as highly severe since it has infected all levels of government institutions (executive, legislative, and judiciary), both at the central and regional levels. The inference is that the bureaucracy's performance in
public services has yet to satisfy the community.
Indonesia ranked 129th out of 188 countries surveyed in the 2017 International Trade Institute survey. With such regulatory circumstances, it is essential to make all-encompassing changes that cover all components of public associations, like Regulation, structure, systems, strategies, and hierarchical culture (Charlson et al., 2018). Compared to business organizations, the bureaucracy in Indonesia may change more quickly. The HR component of the bureaucracy is the most difficult to alter because the mindset has been established for such a long time, making it difficult to accept change. Law No.
22 of 1999, amended four times, and now Law No. 23 of 2014, is one example of the bureaucratic reforms implemented in Indonesia since 1998. These laws include Law No. Law No. 25 of 2009 about Public Services, and Law No. 73 of 2008 About the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia.
According to Smith et al., (2015), each of these laws aims to enhance the efficiency of the bureaucracy to enhance people's well- being by providing high-quality public services.
As a result, the comprehensive approach to bureaucratic reform that must be adopted in Indonesia to enhance the behavior and performance of bureaucratic services comprises changes that include components of knowledge, skills, a mentality of HR apparatus, bureaucratic structure, and bureaucratic culture.
Infrastructure and bureaucratic facilities.
This is consistent with the Minister for Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform's 2015 Regulation Number 11's agenda for bureaucratic reform.
Permenpan and RB outline three reform goals: 1) a clean and responsible bureaucracy, 2) one that is effective and efficient, and 3) one that offers high-quality public services (Faedlulloh et al., 2021).
Bureaucratic pathology is a highly severe form of dysfunction that has infected
all levels of government institutions in Indonesia, leading to poor performance in public services. Indonesia ranked 129th out of 188 countries surveyed in the 2017 International Trade Institute survey, making it essential to make all- encompassing changes to the bureaucracy.
Law No. 22 of 1999, amended four times, and now Law No. 23 of 2014 are examples of reforms. The comprehensive approach to bureaucratic reform in Indonesia requires changes in knowledge, skills, HR apparatus, structure, and culture, as well as infrastructure and facilities. The Minister for Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform's 2015 Regulation Number 11 outlines three reform goals: a clean and responsible bureaucracy, one that is effective and efficient, and one that offers high-quality public services (Smith et al., 2015).
CONCLUSION
Digital technology has improved quality, more effective capabilities, and quicker shipping processes, leading to advancements in correspondence, data change, information handling, and security.
Digital technology is the most popular option due to its ability to provide comprehensive solutions. E-government is the use of information technology to open government and government information, facilitate online commerce, and promote democracy, with an emphasis on efficiency, transparency, and adaptability. However, Indonesian e-government has yet to transform public services. To improve public services, countries must innovate in service management and increase the quality of their public services.
Bureaucratic reform is essential for achieving clean government and efficient governance, and can be encouraged by change and renewal, understanding the national strategic environment, global strategic environment, and performance- based governance. Regional autonomy requires innovation to achieve success,
which is essential for a result-oriented and performance-oriented government.
After a series of studies to analyze the role of technological transformation in accelerating local government bureaucratic reform in Indonesia, we can report the results, including digital technology, which is an absolute necessity in Indonesia, where innovation can provide accelerated public services. In addition, technology has become a fundamental concept in the management of e-government public service systems which continues to have a place in every concept and application of accelerated reform services in Indonesia.
Besides that, with the help of technology, bureaucratic transformation can provide regional autonomy services to provide services needed by the community with an efficient and productive system. Then in the final section, we get how the impact of technology has been on public services in the reform era.
In general, the presence of technology which continues to transform the way housing serves the community in the reform era in Indonesia, has a very strategic and promising place. Thus, among others, the results of the analysis of technological reform's role in accelerating local government bureaucratic reform in Indonesia. These findings provide advantages and many limitations and weaknesses in implementing the method and the final report. Therefore, various criticisms, inputs, and feedback are expected so that we can improve the following study in the context of technological transformation, which has a positive impact on the bureaucratic reform of the central and regional governments in the country.
AKNOWLEDGMENT
This study received funding support from the government of Indonesia through the Directorate for Research. We are grateful for this assistance and the parties who have participated and provided
feedback so that we have successfully carried out this study according to plan.
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