EXERCISE 14
DOSEN PENGAMPU :
Rinia Zatalini, S.Pd., M.A.
Disusun Oleh :
Annisa Ashifa(21076036)
PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
2024
Week 14 Skill 12: Determine where specific information is found
Sometimes the final question accompanying a reading passage (or one paragraph of a passage) will ask you to determine where in the passage a piece of information is found. This type of question is worded differently on the paper TOEFL test and on the computer TOEFL test. On the paper test, there will be a multiple-choice question that asks where certain information is found. The answer choices will list possible locations for that information. On
the computer test, the question asks you to click on the sentence that contains certain information. Look at a multiple-choice example from the paper TOEFL that asks you to identify where certain information is found.
Example from the Paper TOEFL Test The passage:
Meter Crater, a great crater approximately forty miles east of Flagstaff, Arizona, is generally thought by scientists to have formed as a result of the impact of 60,000-ton meteor about 50,000 years ago. The meteor, made of nickel and iron, disintegrated on impact and spread half a billion tons of rock over the surface of the land. The massiveness of the meteor can only be imagined from the mammoth size of the crater, which measures a mile in diameter and three miles around the top. The rim of the crater rises more than 150 feet above the plain where the meteor impacted and is visible for more than ten miles on a clear day.
The question:
Where in the passage does the author discuss the composition of the meteor? A.
stairs B. walks C. actions D. footprints
This question asks you to find where in the passage there is information about the composition of the crater. You should skim through the lines of the passage listed in the answers to the question looking for the word composition or something that means composition. In line 4, you should find the expression made of, and you should recognize that composition is what something is made of. Answer (B) is therefore the best answer to this question.
The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember when you are trying to determine where in the passage something is found:
Questions about Where in the Passage How to Identify
Question
On paper tests only
Where the passage…?
On computer test only
Click on the sentence that indicate …
Where to Find the Answer
On paper tests only
The answer can be in any of the lines listed in the answers to the question.
On computer test only
The answer will be one of the sentences in the paragraph listed in the question.
How to Answer the Question
1. Choose a key word or idea in the question.
2. Skim the appropriate part(s) of the passage looking for the key word or idea.
3. Choose the answer that the contains the key word or Idea.
TOEFL EXERCISE 12: Study each of the passages and choose the best answers to the questions that follow
1. Where in the passage does the author give the name of a baby beaver?
A. Line 1 B. Line 2 C. Line 3 D. Line 4-5
2. Where in the passage does the author indicate why the young beavers must leave their parents’ home?
A. Line 1 B. Line 2 C. Line 3 D. Line 4-5
3. Where in the passage does the author give explanation about human capacity in remembering information?
A. Lines 1---2 B. Lines 2---3 C. Lines 4D. Lines 6 ---5
Alasan : Baris 2-3 menjelaskan teori George A. Miller tentang kapasitas memori jangka pendek manusia, yang menyatakan bahwa manusia dapat mengingat sekitar tujuh "potongan"
informasi. Teks tersebut juga menjelaskan bahwa "potongan" informasi adalah unit informasi yang bermakna, seperti kata atau nama, bukan hanya huruf atau angka.
4. Where in the passage does the author show the clear definition of chunk?
A. Lines 1-2 B. Lines 2-3
C. Lines 3-4 D. Lines 4-5
Alasannya : Baris 2-3 mendefinisikan "chunk" sebagai "unit informasi yang bermakna, seperti kata atau nama, bukan hanya huruf atau angka."
5. Where in the passage does the author explain about the origin of primary American folk songs?
A. Lines 4-5
B. Lines 3-4
C. Lines 2-3
D. Lines 1-2
Alasan : Baris 1-2 menyatakan bahwa lagu rakyat Amerika berasal dari "orang-orang biasa pada saat populasi pedesaan terisolasi dan musik belum tersebar luas melalui radio, pita kaset, CD, atau video musik." Hal ini menunjukkan titik awal musik rakyat yang muncul dari komunitas pedesaan.
6. Where in the passage does the author show the improvement of American folk songs that gained popularity?
A. Lines 2-3
B. Lines 4-5
C. Lines 5-6
D. D. Lines 7-8
Alasan : Baris 4-5 tidak secara eksplisit menyebutkan peningkatan, tetapi menunjukkan perkembangan dalam genre tersebut. Paragraf tersebut menyatakan, "Sumber utama lagu rakyat Amerika awal adalah musik dari Kepulauan Inggris, tetapi lagu-lagu dari Afrika serta lagu-lagu Indian Amerika memiliki bagian penting dalam warisannya." Hal ini menunjukkan perluasan pengaruh yang kemungkinan besar menghasilkan bentuk musik rakyat yang lebih kaya dan lebih beragam.
7. Where in the passage does the author mention the composers who created urban folk music?
A. Line 5-6 B. Line 7-8 C. Line 8-9 D. Line 9-10
Alasan : Baris 8-9 menyebutkan "penyanyi-pencipta lagu seperti Pete Seeger, Bob Dylan, dan Joan Baez" yang melanjutkan tradisi dengan menciptakan musik rakyat "perkotaan". Hal ini secara langsung mengacu pada pencipta lagu yang terkait dengan gerakan kebangkitan rakyat perkotaan.
8. Where in the passage does the author discuss the modern definition of chamber music?
A. Lines 2-3 B. Lines 4-5 C. Lines 8-9 D. Lines 9-11
9. Where in the passage does the author mention music written for four strings?
A. Lines 2-3 B. Lines 4-5 C. Lines 8-9 D. Lines 9-11
Alasannya : Baris 9-11 menyebutkan "string quartet" (kuartet gesek), yang merupakan ansambel musik kamar yang terdiri dari dua violin, satu viola, dan satu cello. Meskipun tidak secara eksplisit mengatakan "empat string", keempat instrumen ini semuanya adalah instrumen gesek.
10. Where in the passage does the author discuss the period when ensembles for three instruments predominated?
A. Lines 2-3 B. Lines 4-5 C. Lines 8-9 D. Lines 9-11
Alasannya : Paragraf tersebut menyebutkan komposisi untuk tiga instrumen (trio sonata) di Baris 4-5, tetapi tidak dikatakan bahwa ini adalah jenis ansambel yang paling umum selama periode tertentu.
Skill 13: Determine the tone, purpose, or course
Other types of review questions occur occasionally in the reading section of both the paper TOEFL test and the computer TOEFL test. Possible questions of this type are multiplechoice questions that asks about (1) the tone (asking if the author is showing any emotion in his/her writing could be simply informational, explanatory, factual, humorous) of the passage, (2) the author’s purpose ( asking what the author is trying to do in the passage for example if the main idea is George Washington’s early life greatly influenced his later career and if the details give a history of his early life, the author’s purpose could be to show how George Washington’s early life influenced his later career ) in writing passage, and (3) the course ( is asking you to decide which university course might have this passage as assigned reading. For example, if the passage is about George Washington and the details give historical background on his early life, then this would probably be assigned reading in an American history class) pin which the passage might be used.
Example from the Paper TOEFL Test The passage:
Military awards have long been considered symbolic of royalty, and thus when the United States was a young nation just finished with revolution and eager to distance itself from anything tasting of monarchy, there was strong sentiment against military decoration. For a century, from the end of the Revolutionary War until the Civil War, the United States awarded no military honors. The institution of the Medal of Honor in 1861 was a source of great discussion and concern. From the Civil War until World War 1, the Medal of Honor was the only military award given by the United States government, and today it is awarded only in the most extreme cases of heroism. Although the United States is still somewhat wary of granting military awards, several awards have been instituted since World War 1.
The question:
This passage would probably be assigned reading in course on A. Military science
B. Psychology C. American history D. Interior decoration
This question asks about the course in which you might be assigned this reading passage.
To draw a conclusion about the course, you should refer to the topic of the passage and the overall organization of details. Since this passage is about American military awards in the United States, and the details discuss the history of American military awards using such time expressions as for a century, in 1861, and since World War 1, you can determine that this passage might be assigned in a course on American history, you should click on the third answer to this question.
The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about questions on the tone, purpose, or course:
Tone, purpose, or course How to identify
the question
On both paper and computer tests
- What is the tone of the passage?
- What is the author’s purpose in this passage?
- In which course would this reading be assigned?
Where to find the answer
Tone Look for clues throughout the passage that show if the author is showing some emotion rather than just presenting facts.
Purpose Draw a conclusion about the purpose from the main idea and supporting ideas.
Course Draw a conclusion about the course from the topic of the passage and the supporting ideas.
How to answer the question
Tone 1. Skim the passage looking for clues that the author is showing some emotion.
2. Choose the answer that identifies the emotion.
Purpose 1. Study the main idea in the topic sentence and the details used to support the main idea.
2. Draw a conclusion about the purpose.
Course 1. Study the main idea in the topic sentence and the details used to support the main idea.
2. Draw a conclusion about the course.
TOEFL EXERCISE 13: Study each of the passages and choose the best answers to the questions that follow.
Further changes in journalism occurred around this time. In 1846, Richard Hoe invented the steam cylinder rotary press, making it possible to print newspapers faster and cheaper. The development of the telegraph made it possible for much speedier collection and distribution of news. Also in 1846, the first wire service was organized. A new type of newspaper appeared around this time, one that was more attuned to the spirit and needs of the new America.
Although newspapers continued to cover politics, they came to report more human interest stories and to record the most recent news, which they could not have done before the telegraph.
New York papers, and those of other northern cities, maintained corps of correspondents to go into all parts of the country to cover newsworthy events.
1. The main purpose of the passage is to…
A. present a brief history of American journalism.
B. outline certain developments in mid-nineteenth-century journalism.
C. explain the importance of the steam cylinder rotary press.
D. present some biographic information about Richard Hoe.
Alasan : Paragraf ini berfokus secara khusus pada kemajuan teknologi (mesin cetak silinder uap, telegraf) dan pengaruhnya terhadap gaya dan isi surat kabar pada pertengahan tahun 1800- an
2. The tone of the passage could best be described as A. objective.
B. optimistic.
C. angry.
D. humorous.
Alasannya : Paragraf menyajikan informasi faktual tentang penemuan dan pengaruhnya terhadap jurnalisme tanpa mengungkapkan pendapat atau emosi pribadi.
3. This passage would probably be assigned reading in which of the following courses?
A. Law B. Linguistics
C. Indonesian History D. Journalistics
Alasannya : Kontennya secara langsung terkait dengan sejarah dan perkembangan praktik jurnalistik, sehingga relevan untuk mata kuliah jurnalistik. Sementara opsi lain mungkin menyentuh topik ini secara tidak langsung, jurnalistik adalah pilihan yang paling tepat.
Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood (1966) is a well-known example of the “nonfiction novel,” a popular type of writing based upon factual events in which the author attempts to describe the underlying forces, thoughts and emotions that lead to actual events. In Capote’s book, the author describes the sadistic murder of a family on a Kansas farm, often showing the point of view of the killers. To research the book, Capote interviewed the murderers, and he maintains that his book presents a faithful reconstruction of the incident.
4. The purpose of this passage is to…
A. discuss an example of a particular literary genre B. tell the story of In Cold Blood
C. explain Truman’s Capote’s reasons for writing In Cold Blood D. describe how Truman Capote researched his nonfiction novel alasannya :
Paragraf ini berfokus pada definisi genre "novel nonfiksi" dan menggunakan In Cold Blood sebagai contoh. Paragraf ini tidak membahas detail plot, motivasi Capote, atau proses penelitian secara mendalam.
5. Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?
A. Cold B. Sadistic C. Emotional D. Descriptive Alasannya :
aragraf ini memberikan detail faktual tentang buku, genre, dan metode penelitian tanpa emosi yang kuat atau bahasa sensasional.
6. This passage would probably be assigned reading in which of the following courses?
A. Criminal Law B. American History
C. Modern American Novels D. Literary Research
Alasannya :
Memahami genre "novel nonfiksi" relevan dengan mempelajari sastra Amerika modern, karena ini merupakan kategori penting dalam bidang tersebut. Meskipun paragraf menyebutkan kejahatan dan penelitian, itu bukan fokus utama
American folk music originated with ordinary people at a time when the rural population was isolated and music was not yet spread by radio, tapes, CDs, or music videos. It was transmitted by oral tradition and is noted for its energy, humor, and emotional impact. The major source of early American folk songs was music from the British Isles, but songs from Africa as well as songs of the American Indians have a significant part in its heritage. Later settlers from other countries also contributed songs. In the nineteenth century, composer Steven Foster wrote some of the most enduringly popular of all American songs, which soon became part of the folk tradition. Beginning in the 1930s, Woody Guthrie gained great popularity by adapting traditional melodies and lyrics and supplying new ones as well. In the 1950s and 1960s, signercomposers such as Pete Seeger, Bob Dylan, and Joan Baez continued this tradition by creating “urban” folk music. Many of these songs dealt with important social issues, such as racial integration and the war in Vietnam. Later in the 1960s, musical groups such as the Byrds and the Turtles combined folk music and rock and roll to create a hybrid form known as folk- rock.
7. The primary purpose of this passage is to
A. trace the development of American folk music.
B. explain the oral tradition.
C. contrast the styles of folk-rock musicians.
D. point out the influence of social issues on “urban” folk music.
Alasannya :
Paragraf ini membahas periode berbeda dalam sejarah, mulai dari asal-usul musik rakyat hingga munculnya folk-rock, menyoroti tokoh dan pengaruh kunci di setiap tahap.
Meskipun paragraf menyebutkan poin lain seperti tradisi lisan dan isu sosial, mereka bukan fokus utama. Paragraf ini tidak membahas secara mendalam tentang spesifikasi tradisi lisan atau menganalisis gaya yang kontras dalam folk-rock. Isu-isu sosial disebutkan dalam konteks musik rakyat "perkotaan", tetapi tidak sebagai fokus utama paragraf.
Up to now, confessions that have been obtained from defendants in a hypnotic state have not been admitted into evidence by courts in the United States. Experts in the field of hypnosis have found that such confessions are not completely reliable. Subjects in a hypnotic state may confess to crimes they did not commit for one or two reasons. Either they fantasize that they committed crimes, or they believe that others want them to confess.
A landmark case concerning a confession obtained under hypnosis went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court. In the case of Layra v. Denno, a suspect was hypnotized by a psychiatrist for the district attorney; in a posthypnotic state the suspect signed three separate confessions to a murder. The Supreme Court ruled that the confessions were invalid because the confessions had been the only evidence against him.
8. Which of the following best describes the author’s purpose in this passage?
A. To explain the details of a specific court case
B. To demonstrate why confessions made under hypnosis are not reliable
C. To clarify the role of the Supreme Court in invalidating confessions from hypnotized subjects
D. To explain the legal status of hypnotically induced confessions Alasannya :
Paragraf ini berfokus pada penjelasan alasan mengapa pengakuan yang diperoleh di bawah hipnosis dianggap sebagai bukti yang tidak dapat diandalkan di pengadilan. Ini menyebutkan kasus tertentu tetapi menggunakannya sebagai contoh, bukan untuk mempelajari semua detailnya. Meskipun putusan Mahkamah Agung disebutkan, itu bukan fokus utama. Status hukum pengakuan semacam itu secara tidak langsung tersirat tetapi tidak dijelaskan secara eksplisit.
9. The tone of this passage could best be described as…
A. Outraged B. Judicial C. Hypnotic D. Informative Alasannya :
Paragraf ini menyajikan informasi faktual tentang penggunaan hipnosis dalam memperoleh pengakuan dan implikasi hukumnya. Ini menghindari mengungkapkan emosi atau pendapat yang kuat
10. This passage would probably be assigned reading in a course on…
A. American Law B. psychiatric healing C. parapsychology D. philosophy alasannya :
Paragraf ini membahas aspek hukum pengakuan yang diperoleh di bawah hipnosis, membuatnya relevan dengan mata kuliah hukum. Meskipun topiknya menyentuh psikologi (pengakuan yang tidak dapat diandalkan), itu tidak membahas metode pengobatan (penyembuhan psikiatris). Parapsikologi berfokus pada fenomena paranormal, dan filsafat tidak akan menjadi bidang utama untuk mempelajari prosedur hukum.
Reviews
1. Where in the passage does the author list the components of a zinc alloy?
A. Lines 1-2 B. Lines 4-6 C. Lines 9-10 D. Lines 11-13
2. Where in the passage does the author present the less routinely used process of galvanization?
A. Lines 1-2 B. Lines 4-6 C. Lines 6-8 D. Lines 9-10
3. The tone of this passage could best be described as…
A. Informative B. Outraged C. Cold D. Emotional
4. Where in the passage does the author describe what happens when iron and oxygen interact?
A. Lines 4-6 B. Lines 6-8 C. Lines 10-11 D. Lines 11-13
5. The author’s purpose in the passage is to…
A. Enumerate examples
B. Cause the development of schizophrenia
C. Prove that faulty parenting is the main cause of schizophrenia D. Refute a common misconception
Alasannya :
Paragraf ini dimulai dengan menyebutkan bahwa skizofrenia telah lama dikaitkan dengan pola asuh yang salah (kesalahpahaman). Sisa bagian membahas keturunan dan faktor prenatal sebagai penyebab utama (menyangkal kesalahpahaman).
6. Where in the passage does the author discuss the traditionally held view about the cause of schizophrenia?
A. Lines 1-3 B. Lines 3-5 C. Lines 6-7 D. Lines 9-11 Alasannya :
Baris 1-3 menyebutkan bahwa skizofrenia dikaitkan dengan pola asuh yang salah di masa lalu.
7. Where in the passage does the author present the idea that people may inherit the tendency for schizophrenia?
A. Lines 2-3 B. Lines 6-7 C. Lines 11-13 D. D. Lines 13-16 Alasannya :
Baris 11-13 membahas kembar identik dan peluang 50% untuk memiliki skizofrenia jika satu kembar memilikinya, menunjukkan hubungan keturunan.
8. Where in the passage does the author give the fraction of twins under study with irregular fingerprints?
A. Lines 3-5 B. Lines 7-8 C. Lines 9-11
D. Lines 11-13 Alasannya :
Baris 11-13 menyebutkan sepertiga kembar identik dengan skizofrenia memiliki sidik jari abnormal, yang menyiratkan bahwa faktor lingkungan prenatal mungkin juga berperan.
9. This passage would probably be assigned reading in which of the following courses?
A. Criminology
B. Public Administration C. Statistics
D. Psychology Alasannya :
Paragraf membahas konsep psikologis (skizofrenia, keturunan, faktor prenatal) membuatnya paling relevan dengan kursus Psikologi.
10. In which course might this passage the assigned reading?
A. Sociology of Criminal Behaviour B. Introduction to Law
C. American History D. Research Methodologies
Alasannya : Paragraf ini membahas peran sistem juri agung dalam proses hukum, yang paling relevan untuk memahami perilaku kriminal dalam masyarakat.
11. Where in the passage does the author mention who serves on a grand jury?
A. Lines 1-2 B. Lines 6-8 C. Lines 9-11 D. Lines 15-17 Alasannya :
Paragraf ini mengatakan: "Juri agung terdiri dari warga negara biasa yang ditunjuk untuk melayani selama jangka waktu tertentu."
12. Where in the passage does the author discuss the problem associated with holding grand jury meetings in private?
A. Lines 3-6 B. Lines 6-8 C. Lines 12-15 D. Lines 15-17 Alasannya :
Paragraf ini mengatakan: "Juri agung tidak terbuka untuk pengawasan publik dan karena itu tidak bertanggung jawab secara publik atas tindakannya, dan ini menimbulkan keraguan pada beberapa temuannya."
13. How does the author seem to feel about the grand jury system?
A. Quite assured as to its usefulness
B. Somewhat doubtful about its effectiveness C. Highly supportive of its use
D. Extremely negative about all aspects Alasannya :
Paragraf ini menyebutkan tujuan dan beberapa kritik terhadap sistem juri agung, menunjukkan nada netral atau agak kritis daripada dukungan kuat atau negativitas total.
14. The tone of this passage is…
A. emotional B. enthusiastic C. expository D. reactionary alasannya :
Paragraf ini menjelaskan konsep perceraian tanpa kesalahan dengan cara yang netral dan objektif, menyajikan fakta dan efek potensial tanpa emosi atau opini yang kuat.
15. Where in the passage does the author explain the effect that probably happen if one marriage partner shows the mistakes of his or her partner in court?
A. Lines 3-4 B. Lines 5-6 C. Lines 8-9 D. Lines 10-11
Alasannya :
Paragraf ini mengatakan: "Jika pasangan dapat mencapai keputusan untuk bercerai tanpa terlebih dahulu memutuskan siapa yang salah, penyelesaian perceraian dapat dinegosiasikan dengan lebih mudah dan adil dan proses penyembuhan pasca perceraian dapat dimulai lebih cepat." Ini menunjukkan bahwa menghindari permainan menyalahkan di pengadilan dapat mengarah pada penyelesaian yang lebih mulus dan proses penyembuhan yang lebih cepat.