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ABSTRACT
Puteri Sari Adini. The Archetype of Maleficent and Aurora Through Method of Characterization in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil (2019). English Letters. Faculty
of Cultures and Language.
Advisor : Dr. Nur Asiyah, S.S., M. A.
Key Words : Archetype, Collective Unconscious, Character, Characterization, Maleficent
Characterizations of character can build some traits to the character itself. Those traits are evident in all characters and are called archetypes. This research is to uncover the types of archetypes found in the Characters Maleficent and Aurora in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil (2019) Movie and to uncover methods of characterization used to portray the archetype Maleficent and Aurora in the movie.
The researcher used the theory of Archetype by Margaret Mark and Pearson (2001) and the method of characterization theory by Pickering and Hoeper (1981). The archetypes of Maleficent and Aurora are analyzed through the method of characterization by Pickering and Hoeper (1981).
The method of research in this research is qualitative. The researcher collects the data in documentation. After collecting the data, the researcher validates the data to a validator, an expert in English literature especially about the archetype and method of characterization. In analyzing the data, the researcher uses 4 steps, they are Domain Analysis, Taxonomy Analysis, Componential Analysis, and Cultural Theme.
From the analysis, the researcher found 38 data archetypes of Maleficent and 27 data archetypes of Aurora. 8 archetypes found in Maleficent are The Innocent, the Explorer, The Hero, The Outlaw, The Magician, The Lover, The Caregiver, and The Ruler. There are 7 archetypes found in Aurora, they are The explorer, The Sage, The Hero, The Regular Guy/gal, The Lover The Caregiver, and The Ruler. Both characters have the most finding, Maleficent’s archetype is the Outlaw with 10 data, and Aurora’s archetype of the Lover with 10 data. They have the similarity of the most data because they have the same important roles as the main character.
Maleficent’s character shows her outlaw traits when he rebelled against the human perception of “Mistress of Evil” of her. The lover archetype of Aurora is shown as the most, because of the storyline showing her love romantic journey with Prince Philip, as well as her parental relationship with Maleficent as her godmother.
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LIST OF TABLES
Table.3.1. Table of datum __________________________________________ 29 Table. 3.2. Taxonomy Analysis Table ________________________________ 33 Table. 3. 3. Componential Analysis Table _____________________________ 34 Table. 4.1. Table of Archetypes _____________________________________ 37 Table. 4. 2. Table of Method of Characterization ________________________ 60 Table. 4.3. Table of Result of Archetypes and method ____________________ 68
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure.1.1. Maleficent’s eyes turned green color _________________________ 3 Figure.1.2. Aurora Approving Philip’s Proposal _________________________ 3 Figure.4.1. Maleficent Exploring the cave of Darkfrey ___________________ 40 Figure. 4.2. Aurora explores the secret room of Queen ___________________ 40 Figure. 4.4. Maleficent Helps Darkfrey from The Traps __________________ 44 Figure 4.5. Aurora releases the fairies in castle _________________________ 45 Figure. 4.10. Maleficent Makes the Bridge_____________________________ 48 Figure. 4.11. Maleficent burned the pin cursed _________________________ 49 Figure .4.12. Maleficent turns Aurora’s dress for the wedding _____________ 50 Figure.4.15. Maleficent sacrifices herself for Aurora _____________________ 52 Figure. 4.17. Aurora is crying of Maleficent ___________________________ 53 Figure. 4. 19. Maleficent is caring for Conall ___________________________ 56 Figure. 4. 20. Maleficent heals Aurora’s wound _________________________ 56 Figure. 4. 21. Aurora cares of King John ______________________________ 57 Figure. 4. 28. Maleficent saves the Darkfery from traps __________________ 63 Figure. 4.29. Maleficent sacrifices herself _____________________________ 63
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of Study
Archetype is known as a concept of the collective unconscious.
Collective Unconscious, in contrast to the personal psyche, has contents and modes of behavior that are more or less the same everywhere in all individuals (Jung, 2014, p. 20). Archetypes are also known as patterns, and inherit in every individual collectively. There are many kinds of archetypes such as the archetypes of the image, symbol, situation, theme, setting, or character. The Pattern of symbol, theme, setting, or character is defined as the archetype.
This archetype recurs in myths, folklore, ritual, literature, and dreams across ages and places. The patterns of characters, symbols, plot structures, themes, and settings, are archetypes. Archetype character is the pattern of character types. Archetype is considered to be the original mold or model of a person, trait, or behavior that humans wish to emulate (Tillman, 2011, p. 11). This archetype can be seen from many perspectives. One of them is through the characterizations of character.
Characterizations of a character can build some traits to the character itself, which those traits are evident in all characters and this is called archetype (Tillman, 2011, p. 11). Character is one of the most important parts of fiction because the character and plot have a vital relationship. They are bound and stand close so that the character becomes one of the important elements in fiction. Every character has its characteristics, depending on how the character is described in a story. The details of appearances and traits that
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are given to the character are important points to describe the character.
Because of this factor, characterization of character is needed.
Characterization is useful for describing how the character is. Characters are the products of characterization which they have been made in a particular way, in simple words, Characterization is a method and character is a product (Gill, 2006, p. 127)
Some authors characterize a figure in the story in several ways with several elements such as appearance, physical, mental health, trait, and mind.
For example, the characters of Superman and Batman use leggings on the outside. The ex of DC comics editor Julius Schwart revealed in his biography Man of Two Worlds: My Life in Science Fiction and Comics, that for the appearance, at the beginning when the character wore underwear was modeled by a circus performer or wrestler who performing acrobatic moves against criminals.
Another example is the character of Maleficent. In Maleficent: Mistress of Evil (2019) movie, at minute 32.02, Maleficent’s eyes turned into green color. Maleficent’s green eyes can be interpreted as a sign of her magical powers because green is often associated with growth, rebirth, and the natural world. Additionally, green can also be associated with envy or jealousy which is usually portrayed in the Villain character.
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Figure.1.1. Maleficent’s eyes turned green color
Figure.1.2. Aurora Approving Philip’s Proposal
Another example is the character of Aurora. In this scene, Aurora was proposed to by Prince Philip and Aurora replied “Yes. Yes, just stand up and kiss me” with a smile. Through the dialogue, Aurora said “yes” to agree to marry Prince Philip and ordered him to kiss her. This dialogue shows that Aurora has a feeling of love for Prince Philip. Smiles appear from the face of Aurora showing that she was happy to build a family and be his wife. Through this dialogue, Aurora is described as having a pattern of The Lover archetype.
Maleficent and Aurora are two of the famous characters in Disney animated film entitled Sleeping Beauty (1959). Maleficent is famous as the villain character and Aurora is famous as a lover and caring person in
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Sleeping Beauty (1959). After Sleeping Beauty (1959) was adapted into a live-action film entitled Maleficent (2014), Maleficent character changed from a Villain character to a Heroine protagonist, and Aurora’s relationship with her changed from enemy to become Goddaughter of Maleficent.
Meanwhile, in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil (2019), the relationship between Aurora and Maleficent is deepened with Aurora's position as the queen of the Moors and Maleficent as the godmother of Aurora, especially when approaching the wedding process of Aurora and Prince Philip. In this film, the traits of Maleficent and Aurora are clearly described. Through the characterization of character that is conveyed in the film, the patterns build and show the archetype of the Maleficent and Aurora Characters. Due to the explanations above, the researcher conducted the research focusing on the archetype of Maleficent and Aurora through the method of characterization of character.
Relate to the discussion about Maleficent and Aurora, several journals and researches use Maleficent and Aurora as the object of study, such as the journal from Nugroho (2020) entitled The Influence of Aurora on Maleficent's Personality Development as Seen in Maleficent Movie Script. This journal discusses how Maleficent character changes and develops in the film Maleficent (2014) by using the theory of Character and characterization from Dennis W. Petrie and Joseph M Boggs, and the theory of personality development by Elizabeth B Hurlock. The second is a thesis from Halidasia (2016) entitled The Character Alteration of Maleficent from 'Sleeping Beauty' into 'Maleficent' Movie. This thesis discusses how the shifting character of
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Maleficent who is known as a villain personality to a good personality in Maleficent (2014). This thesis uses Linda Hutchen's theory which compares the two films Sleeping Beauty (1959) and Maleficent (2014) due to literature elements such as Character and plot that changed in Maleficent (2014).
The two studies above focus on how the development and the shifting of Maleficent from traditional stories which depict Maleficent as a villain to Maleficent who has a heroine attitude and feeling of affection. The studies above do not focus on analyzing the archetype of the character Maleficent and Aurora. Besides, the two studies before do not include Maleficent:
Mistress of Evil (2019) movie into the analysis. From this factor, the researcher finds the gap to conduct the research which focuses on Maleficent and Aurora characters in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil movie and aims to find the archetype of Maleficent and Aurora through methods of characterization that describe Maleficent and Aurora characters in the movie.
B. Limitation of the Study
This research is about the analysis of the archetypes of Maleficent and Aurora characters. The researcher conducts the research with archetypes through the methods of characterization that portray Maleficent and Aurora in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil (2019). To retrain the research from the out- of-discussion point, the researcher limits the study by focusing on analyzing Maleficent and Aurora as the main characters in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil (2019) movie. The researcher only analyzes the character of Maleficent and Aurora because both characters are vital characters in the movie. Both characters also have the biggest influence on the story in the movie.
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Regarding the theory, the researcher also limits the research to focus on the aspect of archetype and characterization of character. The researcher uses the theory of archetype by Mark and Pearson (2001) through the method of characterization of character by Pickering and Hoeper (1981) that portray the maleficent and Aurora character. The researcher conducts this limitation to make the analysis deeper, and more organized.
In this study, the researcher discusses archetypes in a film, in which, archetypes can be examined through various perspectives, one of them is the camera angle. Angles and camera movement can be used to create meaning and advance themes. Low angles can either make someone seem important or make them appear arrogant and pompous – depending on the tone of the film (Ryan, 2011). In this research, the researcher did not include camera angles in analyzing the characters. This is because the researchers focused on using the theory method of characterization from Pickering and Hoeper (1981) which did not include the theory and methods of camera angles in analyzing characters so to avoid bias in this study, the researcher does not analyze the camera angle.
C. Formulations of The Problems
From the explanation above, the researcher conducted research on several Disney animated films and got two formulas of the problem, they are:
1. What archetypes are found in Characters Maleficent and Aurora in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil (2019) Movie?
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2. What are the methods of characterization that are used to portray the archetype Maleficent and Aurora?
D. Objectives of The Study
From the two formulations of the problem above, the researcher focuses on the research of the archetypal patterns of the Maleficent character and its characterization in the movies, the objectivity of the problems in this study are:
1. To uncover the archetypes that are found in Maleficent and Aurora in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil (2019) movie.
2. To uncover the methods of characterization that are used to portray the archetype of Maleficent and Aurora.
E. Benefits of The Study
This research theoretically and Practically can be benefit as follow:
1. Theoretically
Theoretically, this research can benefit for adding information of research on the theory of archetype by Carl Jung which is developed by Margaret Mark and Carol. S Pearson (2001). Besides, this research can add knowledge of research about the method of characterization of characters by James H. Pickering and Jeffrey D. Hoeper (1981), and add research references on archetypes and characterization of Maleficent and Aurora in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil (2019 for English Letters Departments especially in UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta.
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Practically, this research can be some benefits. First, this research can be a medium to understand research on Archetype Character for those who are studying the same aspect in the future. Second, this research can be a reference for future case studies in comparing archetypes in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil (2019) to other films. Third, this research can be a complement of similar research which discusses the archetype by Margaret Mark and Cark person (2001), the method of Characterization by Pickering and Hoeper (1981), and Movies themed Maleficent.
F. Definitions of the Key Terms
Key terms or usually known as keywords make the readers easier understand the context by definition or meaning of those keywords. There are several key terms used in this research, they are:
1. Archetypes
The archetype is content that shows the existence of certain forms in the psyche that are always present in the collective. As Jung (2014) states, the archetype is essentially an unconscious content that is altered by becoming conscious and by being perceived, and it takes its color from the individual consciousness in which it happens to appear (p. 21).
2. Collective Unconscious
The collective unconscious is a term introduced by the psychiatrist Carl Jung. The collective unconscious is the part of the deepest unconscious mind that contains and impulses that are inherited in
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structure of brain and not shaped by personal experience, but collective (Fritcher, 2020).
3. Character
Character is one of the intrinsic elements of fiction. According to Eagleton (2013), a character means a sign, letter, or symbol as well as a literary figure. Or nowdays, characters refer to the meaning as a sign, portrait, or description of how a man, a woman, or a role of person was like (p.42).
4. Characterization of Character
Character in fiction is described through characterization.
Characterization is the way or method or technique in which a character is made and character is the product of characterization (Gill, 1985, p. 127) 5. Maleficent
Maleficent is one of the fictional villain character from Disney’s movies titled Sleeping Beauty (1959) and the main character in movies Maleficent (2014), and Maleficent: Mistress of Evil (2019).