Artikel 6 191 203 jurnal indonesia unila

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* Corresponding Author

Email : [email protected]

Volume 13 (2) 2022: 191-203 P-ISSN: 2087-0825, E-ISSN: 2548-6977

DOI: 10.23960/administratio.v13i2.334 Accredited by Kemenristek Number 85/M/KP/2020 (Sinta 4)

ARTICLE

The Influence of Public Service Motivation (PSM) on Public Sector Innovation (PSI) at the Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil (Disdukcapil) Kota Bandung

Kristian Widya Wicaksono^1*, Thesalonica Angeline Lesmana²

1,2 Parahyangan Catholic University, Jalan Ciumbuleuit No. 94, Bandung, Indonesia

How to cite: Wicaksono, K.W, Lesmana, T.A. (2022) The Influence of Public Service Motivation (PSM) on Public Sector Innovation (PSI) at the Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil (Disdukcapil) Kota Bandung. Administratio: Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik dan Pembangunan, 13(2)

Article History

Received: 2 November 2022

Accepted: 2 Desember 2022

Keywords:

Experiment; Motivation;

Public Service; Public Values

Kata Kunci:

Eksperimen; Motivasi;

Pelayanan Publik; Nilai Kepublikan

ABSTRACT

Public Service Motivation (PSM) research continues to advance. Based on recommendations from prior research, this study was conducted to determine the strength of the relationship between PSM and Public Sector Innovation (PSI). The researchers decided to conduct their research at the Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil (Disdukcapil) Kota Bandung. It is a result of the symptom of a problem in Disdukcapil, which demonstrates that Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) treats service users differently based on collusion, and they receive undue benefits from service users. Against this backdrop, this research aims to determine the strength of the relationship between PSM and PSI in Disdukcapil Kota Bandung. This study employs a quantitative method of the survey type. All ASNs in Disdukcapil Kota Bandung, a total of 91 individuals, were recruited to become the respondents in this study using a saturated sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to collect data. The data was then analyzed using the linear regression, t-test, and spearman rank formula to determine the strength of PSM's influence on PSI. The findings revealed that there was a correlation between PSM and PSI. The relationship exists at robust coefficient intervals. However, the effect of PSM on PSI was only 32.3%, with the remainder influenced by other variables not investigated in this study.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian mengenai Public Service Motivation (PSM) terus mengalami perkembangan. Berdasarkan riset sebelumnya, maka penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan kekuatan hubungan antara PSM dengan Public Sector Innovation (PSI).

Para peneliti memutuskan untuk melaksanakan riset ini di Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil (Disdukcapil) Kota Bandung. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi gejala masalah dalam Disdukcapil yang menunjukan bahwa ASN di Lembaga tersebut memperlakukan pengguna layanan secara berbeda karena alasan kolusi dan juga memperoleh imbalan yang tidak semestinya dari pengguna layanan tersebut.

Berangkat dari latar belakang ini, maka tujuan penelitian yang ingin dicapai adalah menentukan kekuatan hubungan antara variabel PSM dan PSI di Disdukcapil Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang jenisnya adalah non- ekpreimental yakni survei. Seluruh ASN di Disdukcapil Kota Bandung yang berjumlah 91 orang direkrut menjadi respoden dalam penelitian ini dengan

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192 | Administratio, Vol. 13 (2) 2022: 191-203

menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Selanjutnya data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi linear, t-test, dan formula rank-spearman untuk menentukan kekuatan pengaruh PSM terhadap PSI. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang berada di interval koofisien yang kuat. Akan tetapi, besarnya pengaruh PSM terhadap PSI hanya 32,3% saja, sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti melalui riset ini.

A. INTRODUCTION

PSM was initially conceptualized and conceived of by Perry and Wise. The year 1990 saw the completion of this research which was carried out in the United States. The fascinating thing about Perry and Wise is that they both immediately introduced methods to measure PSM.

Compassion and self-sacrifice are two of the measurement dimensions that accompany a person's level of interest in public policy making, as well as their level of commitment to the public interest and their sense of civic duty (Perry & Wise, 1990). In addition, Kim and Vandenabeele (2010), who are proponents of the PSM theory, made two modifications to the dimensions of the PSM measurement. First, they renamed the attraction to public policy making as the attraction to public participation. Second, they renamed the commitment to the public interest/civic duty as the commitment to public values. Since then, research on PSM has continued to develop.

Miao, Newman, Schwarz, and Cooper's (2017) prior research has established a connection between PSM and the innovative behavior of public sector employees. In the discussion of the study's findings, it is stated that future research must establish a link between PSM and Public Sector Innovation (PSI). PSI is developing fresh concepts and implementing them to establish value for society by introducing new or improved processes or services (Directorate-General for Research and Innovation European Union, 2013). PSI entails the development of novel concepts that successfully generate public value (Daglio, Gerson, & Kitchen, 2015). In the other literature, PSI is defined as generating new ideas and transforming them into shared values (Bason, 2018). Therefore, according to the researchers, innovation in the public sector involves not only the generation and application of new ideas but also the achievement of societally beneficial outcomes.

Moreover, the Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) employed by Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil (Disdukcapil) Kota Bandung will be the subject of this study. The primary responsibility of Disdukcapil Kota Bandung is to manage the affairs of Pemerintah Daerah Kota Bandung in the areas of civil registration and population. The Disdukcapil Kota Bandung's roles include the development of technical policies in the field of population and civil registration, the delivery of public services in the field of population and civil registration, and the management of population data and information. While the type of service provided by Disdukcapil Kota Bandung includes: issuance of Birth Certificates, issuance of Death Certificates, issuance of Marriage Certificates, issuance of Divorce Certificates, issuance of Second Citations of Certificate if the certificate is lost or damaged, issuance of a side note if there is a change in Name, Citizenship, Recognition of Children, Endorsement of Children, and Adoption of Children, issuance of a letter of displacement, dan provide information and complaints service for the residents of Kota Bandung. Focusing on the Disdukcapil's duties and responsibilities, this government institution plays a crucial role in the provision of public services. Disdukcapil's services are an essential type of population administration service for

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Administratio, Vol. 13 (2) 2022: 191-203 | 193 the citizens of Kota Bandung. Disdukcapil must prioritize providing population administration services that are simple, accessible, and fair.

The researchers selected Disdukcapil Kota Bandung because, according to the findings of a preliminary inquiry, it was established that the service recipient had paid the ASN in Disdukcapil a specific sum of money to speed up the delivery of e-KTP service. It demonstrates that, when performing the work, ASN in Disdukcapil continues to put personal interests and financial gain ahead of providing excellent services for citizens. As a public servant, the ASN in Disdukcapil should prioritize the interests of the people it serves over its own. This certainly harms ASN's professionalism, which should provide inclusive, fair, and nondiscriminatory public services. Moreover, Sinaga and Sari (Sinaga & Sari, 2015) indicates that the waiting time for issuing birth certificates for infants aged 0 to 60 days at the Disdukcapil in Bandung is still excessively long. Reasons include the high arrival rate of service applicants and the time-intensive nature of service processing. This indicates that the convenience of service in Disdukcapil remains poor. Other research identifies four service limitations within the Disdukcapil Kota Bandung. The first is the completion of a birth certificate after the deadline has passed. Second, if the government rejects the required documents for a birth certificate, the service officer does not inform the applicant, leading the applicant to assume that the process is ongoing. Thirdly, if there is a problem with the processes for issuing birth certificates, the service officer will have difficulty determining the status of service delivery because the information generated is not systematically documented. Since the report is incomplete, the number of birth certificates submitted, being processed, completed, rejected, or canceled cannot be determined with certainty (Hernawan & Herliani, 2018).

The Public Service Score data kept by the Disdukcapil Kota Bandung is an additional topic worthy of investigation. The graph below depicts a comparison of public service scores in 2020 and 2019:

Source: Laporan Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (2020)

Graph 1. Comparison of 2020 and 2019 Disdukcapil Kota Bandung Service Ratings It is known, on the basis of the data displayed in the graph that came before it, that the scores for Disdukcapil-organized services dropped in four different areas in the year 2020. To begin, there will be a shorter amount of time spent providing the service. This indicates that the general public views Disdukcapil as providing services that are getting progressively slower over time. The second consideration is the safety of the service. In spite of the fact that the COVID-19 Pandemic sped up the process of digitizing services in 2020, this factor has also decreased. This is not supported by any data security factor that can be relied upon. A decline in the knowledge and competence of service personnel is the third problem that needs to be addressed. This is now a distinct possibility as a result of the shift in the mode of service delivery away from direct face-to-face services and toward online services. Because of this, the

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service staff needs to make a few adjustments to their routine. The decline in the courtesy and friendliness of those who work in customer service represents the final factor. This is as a result of the increase in the number of online service units brought about by physical separation.

Many of the recently recruited service officers come from units that have never actually interacted with the general public in any direct capacity. As a consequence of this, they do not understand the significance of being courteous and friendly when providing services to others.

These findings demonstrate beyond a reasonable doubt that the PSM issues in Disdukcapil Kota Bandung are of a very sensitive matter.

On the innovation side, preliminary research indicates that Disdukcapil residents are dissatisfied with the slow development of information and communication technology-based services. It is supported by research indicating that local government public service institutions tend to be slow, convoluted, unresponsive, inefficient, and ineffective (Dwiyanto, 2018). This is undoubtedly detrimental to local government institutions such as the Disdukcapil Kota Bandung. The public, as taxpayers, certainly hopes that Disdukcapil continues to make effective innovations in order to keep up with societal changes. Furthermore, the current advancement of information and communication technology necessitates that government organizations make a variety of changes that can improve the quality of public services, including population and civil registration services.

As a direct consequence of this, researchers are eager to ascertain the strength of the connection that exists between PSM variables and PSI. This line of questioning leads to the formation of two hypotheses. The first hypothesis suggests that PSM does not have any effect on PSI, whereas the second hypothesis suggests that PSM does have an effect on PSI. The significance of the relationship between PSM and PSI at the Disdukcapil Kota Bandung is therefore the primary focus of this research question.

B. LITERATURE REVIEW

Public Service Motivation (PSM) research is evolving from time to time (Ritz, Brewer, &

Neumann, 2016). PSM was initially introduced in 1990 as an academic effort to comprehensively explain public service to public administration academics (Perry, 2020). The concept of public service motivation derives from the notion that public organizations offer distinctive incentives that are more alluring than those in the private sector (Perry & Ritz, 2022).

The first definition of PSM is a person's proclivity to respond to grounded motives primarily or exclusively in public institutions and organizations (Perry & Wise, 1990). Many experts, however, have presented the definition of PSM. For instance, Taylor (2008) argued that PSM is a collection of motives, values, and attitudes regarding serving the public interest.

Kim and Vandenabeele (2010) define PSM as beliefs, values, and attitudes that extend beyond the employee's self-interest and encourage him or her to do good for others and contribute to the organization's and society's welfare. Kjeldsen (2013), another author, suggested that PSM is frequently used in a broader context to describe individuals' motivation to contribute to society and assist others through the delivery of public services, regardless of whether this occurs in the private or public sector. Despite the various definitions offered by different experts, the PSM definition is based on two enduring core principles in Public Administration.

One is an "orientation toward the other," in contrast to the theories of self-interest. A second fundamental principle is a publicness, which refers to the communal nature of public institutions and missions (Perry, 2020).

Numerous studies have attempted to examine the connection between PSM and other variables in the research context. Likewise, the placement of the PSM variable varies. Some researchers define PSM as an independent variable, while others consider it a dependent variable (Bozeman & Su, 2015). In conjunction with job satisfaction and performance, PSM is

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Administratio, Vol. 13 (2) 2022: 191-203 | 195 an independent variable (Miao, Eva, Newman, & Schwarz, 2018; Prysmakova &

Vandenabeele, 2019; Schwarz, Eva, & Newman, 2020; Stefurak, Morgan, & Johnson, 2020).

In comparison, PSM has designated a dependent variable for leadership (Miao, Newman, Schwarz, & Cooper, 2017; Belrhiti, Van Damme, Belalia, & Marcha, 2020; Caillier, 2020;

Tran & Truong, 2021).

On the other hand, the concept of PSI is constantly evolving. According to Bason (2018, pp. 5-7), PSI evolves through four stages. The first stage is the emergence of conscience, also known as Awarness by Bason. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was an increasing recognition of the significance of innovation in the public sector. However, in the 1990s, public managers were preoccupied with innovation. They no longer see innovation as a possibility, but as a requirement that must be met. The second stage is referred to as case and practice. At this point, there is a focus on the shape and outcome of innovation on government organizations. Then began to emerge various awards given to individuals and government agencies who were able to discover and effectively apply innovative ideas. The barriers stage is the third stage. Almost always, there are barriers to innovation in government organizations. This is due to the characteristics of bureaucracy, which tends to avoid uncertainty and provide guarantees for the stability of government administration. The final section phase is practice. At this point, public administrators recognize that innovation is essential. Governments are under significant pressure to innovate as a result of constrained resources and an environment that is constantly shifting. The public believes that the success of leadership and public organizations is contingent on their capacity to generate and implement innovative ideas. Thus, innovation is one factor that determines the characteristics of a successful government (Bason, 2018).

Finding effective methods to measure innovation in the public sector is the next challenge.

Bloch and Bugge (2013) revealed that the innovation of the public sector can be measured by three factors: innovation strategy and organization, innovation drivers, and innovation roadblocks. In the context of innovation and organization strategy, we can examine the following factors in greater depth: the intended purpose of innovation; the integration of innovation with the organization's main strategy; the organizational unit responsible for the development of the organization; the management of innovation as a project; the leadership that prioritizes innovation; the active role of the leader in the implementation of innovation;

and the amount of time spent on innovation. the intended purpose of innovation; the integration of innovation with the organization's main strategy; the organizational unit responsible for the development of the organization In the meantime, the factors that drive innovation are internal management, internal staff, political pressure, public organization, support from the business sector, and public pressure. Furthermore, the factors that need to be measured as barriers to innovation include regulatory rigidity, a lack of financial incentives, a lack of funding, the risk of failure, a lack of organizational cooperation, internal barriers, and external barriers. All of these factors need to be taken into consideration.

Sahni, Wessel, and Christensen (2013) argue that five conditions must be met in order to drive innovative breakthroughs in the public sector. The capacity to engage in experimentation is the primary prerequisite. In order for public organizations to be able to adjust to shifts in their surroundings, it is necessary for this condition to be satisfied. The strategy entails providing public organizations with the flexibility to experiment with new service delivery models as well as technological advancements. In the absence of these opportunities, we cannot reasonably anticipate that innovation will take place. The second requirement for innovation to flourish is the availability of funds to decommission aging infrastructure. This criterion is connected to the first one in the sense that, in the event that the experiment is successful, it will lead to the development of a brand-new good or service. In other words, the older methods, goods, and services have to be gradually phased out. The presence of feedback loops is the

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third requirement for this to be true. Once the experimental infrastructure is set up, it should not come as a surprise that robust feedback mechanisms between residents and government employees are required in order to encourage investment in and deployment of the suitable innovations. The presence of incentives for the improvement of products or services is the fourth condition that, when met, can encourage innovation in public sector organizations. This condition needs to be created by the leadership of the organization, specifically through the provision of rewards and incentives for the development of products and services for the public sector. In conclusion, the existence of financial limitations for end users can sometimes encourage innovation in the public sector. The establishment of budget priorities will inspire inventiveness and originality on the part of public administrators. Because of limitations imposed by budgetary constraints, public administrators are being forced to put their innovative problem-solving skills to the test in order to ensure that citizens continue to have access to a sufficient quantity of high-quality public services and goods. If this is not accomplished, there will be a decline in public confidence in the government. Indeed, trust is one of the most important forms of social capital that can be used to encourage community participation in development, particularly in situations where resources are limited.

C. METHOD

The researchers will use quantitative methods to answer the research questions raised in this study. Quantitative research, according to Creswell and Creswell (2018), is a method for testing objective theories by examining the relationship between variables. Because these variables are amenable to measurement with specialist tools, numerical data can be analyzed through the application of statistical techniques. Experimental research, non-experimental research, and longitudinal research designs are the three types of quantitative research designs.

In this study, a method that was not experimental was used, and that was a survey. As was discussed earlier, this investigation into ASN was carried out in Disdukcapil Kota Bandung between the months of February and April of 2022. Within the boundaries of Disdukcapil Kota Bandung, ASN is home to 91 individuals. Because there were fewer than 100 people in the population, the researchers utilized a methodology known as saturated sampling, in which every individual from the population was used as a sample. For the purpose of data collection, a questionnaire consisting of forty questions was used. The purpose of this study is to determine the levels of both PSM and PSI in Disduckcapil Kota Bandung, as well as the degree to which PSM is a factor in PSI. The response scale consisted of a weighted Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5, and it was used. After that comes the quantitative analysis of the data that was collected.

In order to evaluate the significance of the connection that exists between PSM and PSI, the researchers turned to linear regression, the t-test, and the spearman rank formula. In the meantime, the coefficient of determination is utilized to evaluate how much of an impact PSM has on PSI in comparison to the influence of other variables.

D. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The researchers wanted to present information about the demographic characteristics of the study's respondents before they presented the data and their analysis of the data. The following table provides a detailed breakdown of the respondents' demographic information:

Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of Respondents

Characteristics Classification Frequency Percentage

Gender Male 47 51.6%

Female 44 48.4%

Age 19 - 29 22 24.2%

30 - 49 35 38.5%

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Administratio, Vol. 13 (2) 2022: 191-203 | 197

41 - 50 31 34.1%

> 50 3 3.3%

Education SMA 0 0

Diploma 4 4.4%

S1 58 63.7%

S2 28 30.8%

S3 1 1.1%

Tenure 1-4 years 8 8.8%

5-9 years 27 29.7%

10-14 years 27 29.7%

15-19 years 19 20.9%

> 20 years 10 11%

Position Head of Division 11 12.%

Section Chief 27 29.7%

Staff of Division 53 58.2%

Division Civil Registration 15 16.5%

Population Administration 38 41.8%

Data and Information 38 41.8%

Source: obtained from primary data

The majority of ASNs in Disdukcapil Kota Bandung are men, as indicated by the information contained in table 1. On average, they are between the ages of 30 and 49 and have completed at least one year of undergraduate education. After that, the majority have a service life that can last anywhere from 5 to 19 years.

Furthermore, the researchers utilized statistical analysis in order to determine the extent to which PSM and PSI are related to one another. The use of parametric statistics is the first step in the research process. As a result of the fact that the scale of the data is numerical, the variance of the data is the same, and the population samples are normally distributed. The researcher carried out a test of normality to validate the hypothesis that the data followed a typical distribution. The findings of the examination of normality are presented in the table that can be found below.

Table 2. Normality Test Results One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

Unstandardized Residual

N 91

Normal Parameters ^a,b Mean .0000000

Std. Deviation 1.86145280

Most Extreme Differences Absolute 0.092

Positive 0.092

Negative 0.049

Test Statistic 0.092

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 0.053

a. Test distribution is Normal.

b. Calculated from data.

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According to the findings of the SPSS normality test, it is possible to deduce that the probability value (p) in PSM on PSI is more significant than 0.053 > (0.05), which indicates that this data assumption is normally distributed. This can be done by comparing the results of the test to the threshold value of 0.05. As a consequence of this, researchers are able to make use of parametric statistics. In addition, given that the data are typically distributed, there is no requirement to test the population parameters since it is assumed that they are qualified.

The linearity test is the second statistical test. The researchers check for linearity to see if the pattern of relationships between independent and dependent variables forms a straight line.

The linearity test results are shown in the table below.

Table 3. Linearity Test Results ANOVA Table

Sum of Square s df Mean Square

F Sig.

PSM * PSI

Between Groups

(Combined) 243.037 23 10.567 3.257 0.000 Linearity 148.589 1 148.589 45.793 0.000 Deviation

from Linearity

94.448 22 4.293 1.323 0.190

Within Groups 217.403 67 3.245

Total 460.440 90

Based on the results of the linearity test and the value of Sig. Deviation from Linearity 0.190 > 0.05, it can be concluded that PSM and PSI have a linear relationship.

Furthermore, the researchers performed heteroskedasticity tests. In simple linear regression, the classical assumption is that the error variance for known free-changers is constant (Homoskedasticity). This assumption is frequently violated when cross-data sectioning. The term for this deviation from assumptions is heteroscedasticity. As a result, the researchers argue that heteroscedasticity tests should be performed to ensure that these issues do not arise in the regression model of the effect of PSM on PSI. The Heteroskedasticity test results are shown in the figure below.

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Administratio, Vol. 13 (2) 2022: 191-203 | 199 Source: obtained from primary data

Figure 1. Heteroskedasticity Test Results

Because there is no evidence of heteroskedasticity in the regression model examining the impact of PSM on PSI, the traditional assumption test for heteroskedasticity can be considered to have been satisfactorily completed.

Next, the researchers conducted a simple linear regression analysis test to determine whether the PSM variable affects the PSI. The results are shown in the table below.

Table 4 Test Results for Simple Linear Regression Analysis ANOVA ^a

Model Sum of

Squares

df Mean

Square

F Sig.

1 Regression 148.589 1 148.589 42.406 0.000 ^b

Residual 311.851 89 3.504

Total 460.440 90

a. Dependent Variable: PSI b. Predictors: (Constant) PSM Source: obtained from primary data

Based on the above results, which show that F count = 42.406 with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05, the regression model can predict the PSM variable that affects the PSI variable.

This test's results indicate that the PSM variable influences the PSI variable.

The researchers will then put the hypothesis to the test in this study. The hypothesis is expressed as follows:

Ho: PSM does not affect PSI Ha: PSM influences PSI

The following are the results of the t-test used by the researchers to determine the outcome of this study's hypothesis.

Table 5. Hypothesis Test Results Coefficients ^a

Model Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardize d Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

1 (Consta nt) 10.220 4.783 2.137 0.035

PSM 0.223 0.034 0.568 6.512 0.000

a. Dependent Variable: PSI Source: obtained from primary data

It can be calculated as 6,512 with a degree of freedom (df) equal to n-k based on table 5, where n is the sample size, and k is the construct. So df = 91 – 2 = 89. Then t is equal to 1.66216 since t counts (6,512) are greater than t table (1,66216) with a significant level of 0.000 in the table, which means 0.000 < 0.05, Ho is rejected, and Ha is accepted, indicating that PSM influences PSI.

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The researcher then conducted a spearman rank correlation test to determine the strength of the relationship between PSM and PSI. The results of this study are the value calculated by 0.568, which, when compared with the table of correlation coefficients spearman rank (RhO), yields the count table, which equals 0.568 at a significance level of 0.05 or 5%. The analysis results are then aligned with the correlation interpretation table of spearman rank coefficients according to table de Vaus (2002).

Table 6. Interpretation of the Strength of Correlation Between Variables

Coefficient Degree of Correlation

0,00 No Correlation

0,01-0,09 Less Significant Correlation

0,10-0,29 Weak Correlation

0,30-0,49 Moderate Correlation

0,50-0,69 Strong Correlation

0,70-0,89 Very Strong Correlation

> 0,90 Perfect Correlation

Source: De Vaus (2002)

Based on the research results obtained by the researcher, the results of this study are in the range of 0.50-0.69. It is stated that the two relationships between the two variables are strong.

The researchers also performed a coefficient of determination test. A coefficient of determination describes how independent data can explain dependent data. The test results are shown in the table below.

Table 7. Test Results for Coefficient of Determination Model Summary ^b

Model R R

Square

Adjusted R Square

Error Standard

Durbin- Watson

1 0.568 ^a 0.323 0.315 1.872 1.734

a. Predictors: (Constant) PSM b. Dependent Variable: PSI Source: obtained from primary data

The results of the tests indicated that a coefficient of determination of 0.323 was appropriate. This indicates that the contribution PSM variable has an effect on PSI that is 32.3%

of the total. In the meantime, the remaining 67.7 percent is dependent on a variety of factors and variables. We are able to draw the conclusion, on the basis of the findings of this study, that the actual influence of the PSM variable on PSI is not very significant. Other factors that can drive innovation in the public sector need to be taken into consideration. For instance, more research needs to be done on the qualities of leaders who value the courage to take risks in order to bring about change in the organization. Although committed government employees, according to Perry and Wise (1990), want to engage in innovative behavior in their organizations, this is not entirely convincing because supporters of the PSM theory see the possibility as still quite low (Ritz, Brewer, & Neumann, 2016). This is clear from the scant research on the relationship between PSM and innovation.

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Administratio, Vol. 13 (2) 2022: 191-203 | 201 Theoretically, PSM, on the other hand, appears to be a backer of organizational change, according to different studies (Schwarz, Eva, & Newman, 2020). This is feasible due to the fact that public administrators tend to be unconcerned about changes in organizational structure as long as those changes do not personally affect them. PSM, on the other hand, is more often associated with organizational change than it is with having a preponderant influence on innovation. This fact should be brought to your attention.

Furthermore, the findings of this study confirm that PSM is an internal factor of a person whose primary impulse is driven by personal needs (Perry & Ritz, 2022). On the other hand, innovation is typically the result of work that is inspired by organizational needs rather than personal requirements. In point of fact, we have no choice but to acknowledge that self- actualization is a requirement on the list of human needs. This need, on the other hand, is more for achievements than it is for new ground to be broken. These factors help to explain why the PSM variable only has a marginal bearing on the PSI value.

The last thing to take away from this conversation is that the two variables that were investigated in this study are representative of the public sector. As a direct consequence of this, the core values do not have any bearing on the private sector. It is further evidence that anyone working in this industry is unable to solely prioritize risk-taking courage without also explaining how risk calculation primarily affects the public interest because of the importance of the values of publicness, social orientation, and public interest. As a direct consequence of this, the innovations that are implemented cannot be hasty or arbitrary. It is not enough to simply show a desire to be understood as wanting to make breakthroughs; rather, innovation needs to be developed in order to protect the enormous public interest. People, after all, require a sense of stability and dependability in the services they receive, rather than changes that make their lives more difficult.

E. CONCLUSION

Based on the results of previous statistical testing, it is feasible to conclude a relationship between the PSM variable and PSI. The two variables have a strong relationship. On the other hand, the varied contribution of PSM to PSI is only 32.3%. That is, other variables besides PSM influence 67.7% of PSI.

The researchers are of the opinion that there is a significant distinction between innovation in the public sector and innovation in the private sector. The public sector is distinguished from the private sector by the particular orientation of social interests and political pressures that are present. As a consequence of this, the results of this study make a contribution, at least in a theoretical sense, to the scientific explanation of the connection between the PSM variables and the PSI variables. In addition to this, the research examines five conditions that have not been researched before and that drive innovation in the public sector in relation to PSM. As such, it builds on previous studies that were solely based on innovation, but those studies did not specifically investigate information on innovations that apply exclusively in the public sector. This new study does so.

Moreover, there are some restrictions attached to this study. This research is only concerned with determining how strong an influence the PSM variable has on the PSI score; it does not make any predictions regarding how strong an influence other variables have on the PSI score.

The results of this research show that the influence of PSM on PSI is only 32.3%, which suggests that there are still a great deal of other factors that need additional investigation. As a result, the researchers suggest that potential future researchers test a greater variety of distinct innovation variables. Examples of such innovations include those made in the realm of public services, as well as those made in the creation of new public programs. Academics in the field of public administration will be able to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the

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relationship between public service motivation and other types of innovation in public organizations with the help of this research..

In the meantime, the Public Sector Innovation variable continues to be an intriguing topic that warrants further investigation. After that, researchers are able to investigate either the relationship between leadership variables and public sector innovation or the relationship between public sector innovation and the compensation of government employees. This kind of research is essential because it paves the way for the identification and development of an increasing number of critical variables, which is necessary in order to encourage the improvement of innovation in the public sector. It is hoped that these innovations will have a positive impact in the future on increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of public administration as well as improving the welfare of the community.

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