Zander K.K.; Sibarani R.; Abunyewah M.; Erdiaw-Kwasie M.O.; Moss S.A.; Lassa J.; Garnett S.T.Zander, Kerstin K. (57205449913); Sibarani, Rifka (57855686300); Abunyewah, Matthew (57201089503); Erdiaw-Kwasie, Michael Odei (56473682600); Moss, Simon A. (7402067221); Lassa, Jonatan (25825179800); Garnett, Stephen T. (7004285282)Community resilience across Australia towards natural hazards: an application of the Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measurement2024 Natural hazards can turn into disasters when not managed well. An important part of disaster
risk reduction is to understand how well communities are prepared for natural hazards and how well they can cope with and recover from shocks in the long term. This research assesses self- reported community resilience and asks what makes a community resilient, using Australia as a case study. It reports on an Australian-wide online survey which included questions related to the Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measurement, a subjective indicator, as well as questions about risk perception, well-being, and self-efficacy. Community resilience was found to be moderately high but scores for community leadership and preparedness were low.
Perceived community resilience was positively correlated with age and those with high scores for self-efficacy and well-being. There was, as expected, an inverse relationship between reliance on external support during natural hazards and self-efficacy. The results complement previous studies which used different measures of community resilience. © 2023 The Authors.
Disasters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of ODI.
Computing in Civil Engineering 2023: Resilience, Safety, and Sustainability - Selected Papers from the ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering 20232024 The proceedings contain 133 papers. The topics discussed include: urban digital twin-based
decision support for housing rebuilding choices in catastrophically flooded communities;
autonomous UAV-based structural damage exploration platform for post-disaster
reconnaissance; human-sensitive quantification of city-scale human activity changes during natural disasters; a spatial-temporal community vulnerability assessment framework based on human mobility trajectory simulation; using machine learning and aggregated remote sensing data for wildfire occurrence prediction and feature selection: a case study in California; rapid and automated vision-based post-disaster building debris estimation; American time use survey in modeling occupant behavior: a systematic review; leveraging immersive virtual environments for occupant well-being analysis; and using computer vision and parametric design software to quantify nature dose in indoor built environments.
Nagle J. Nagle, John (7103172936)Bridging capital after civil war? Protest, acts of citizenship and public space in Beirut2024
While research has indicated a significant role for social capital in building resilience to disaster, this relationship is more problematic in the aftermath of civil war. Social capital in such contexts risks being utilized ‘bonding capital’, which is designed to strengthen ethnic communities rather than act as an integrative agent to bring communities together. In response, policymakers and researchers have advanced the case for bridging social capital, the form of social capital needed to link communities across a cleavage that divides society. In the context of societies that have experienced protracted political violence along sectarian lines, bridging capital is seen as having the potential to peacefully bind communities together through everyday relations. To explore this, this article examines the role of protest in public spaces as way to engender bridging capital in divided cities. While existing research argues that protest can only sustain moderate forms of bridging capital, this paper suggests that protest in postwar divided urban contexts can be important facilitators of unity. To explore these issues, the article draws on data from two waves of protest in Beirut, the capital of Lebanon. © 2023 The Author
Kilmanun J.C.; Prahardini P.E.R.; Anita S.O.; Sutoto A.; Prabowo J.; Saptana; Wahyono E.; Putri R.L.Kilmanun, Juliana Carolina (57224561819); Prahardini, Paulina Evy Retnaning (35305692900); Anita, S. Ofia (58754119800); Sutoto, Agung (58154074000); Prabowo, Jonathan (57194087882); Saptana (57221849745); Wahyono, Eko (57211437623); Putri, Rumanintya Lisaria (57213457217)Forecast Based Financing for Precision Agriculture in Indonesia2023 As a developing nation, Indonesia's economy relies heavily on agriculture. Despite being the
largest food producer in Southeast Asia, the Indonesian government is primarily concerned with ensuring domestic food security. Consequently, the Indonesian government is actively working to enhance agricultural infrastructure and capabilities. However, this objective faces various emerging challenges, such as the uncertainties and risks associated with extreme weather events and climate fluctuations. To address these challenges, the Government of Indonesia is exploring an innovative approach known as Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA). This CSA concept not only aims to enhance agricultural facilities but also provides support to farmers through prediction-based financing, incorporating index-based insurance and predictive indices, particularly in relation to weather events associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This research endeavors to introduce the concept of forecast-based financing, which combines index-based insurance and predictive indices to safeguard Indonesia's agricultural activities. In essence, index-based insurance offers a distinct and valuable alternative to conventional insurance products, especially in Indonesia, where administrative capacity is limited, credit options are scarce, and relief efforts for past disasters have experienced delays.
Index-based insurance has the potential to significantly bolster community resilience. © 2023 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.
Ulza A.; Idris Y.; Asyifa C.N.; Irvansyah R.Ulza, Adrian (58078606900); Idris, Yunita (55868595200); Asyifa, Cut Nella (58754366600); Irvansyah, Rifqi (57219422665)Closing the Resilience Gap: A Preliminary Study on Establishing the National Fragility Curve Catalog for Multi-Hazard Assessment in Indonesia2023 This research paper presents a preliminary study aimed at closing the resilience gap in
Indonesia through the establishment of a national fragility curve catalog for multi-hazard assessment. Indonesia is located in a high-risk hazard area, yet it currently lacks a
comprehensive fragility curve catalog, which hinders effective risk assessment and mitigation strategies. By developing this database, the study aims to improve the understanding of structural vulnerability and enhance resilience planning across various hazards, such as earthquake, tsunami, wind, and flood. The research methodology involves collecting and analyzing data on the performance of different building types, exposed to multiple hazards. This includes considering various factors such as construction materials, design standards, and geographical characteristics. Statistical techniques and analytical modeling will be utilized to derive fragility curves that depict the probability of exceeding different damage levels or performance states given a specific hazard intensity. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights into the vulnerability of infrastructure and communities in Indonesia, enabling more informed decision-making for disaster risk reduction and resilience planning. The fragility curve database will facilitate quantitative risk assessments, support the development of appropriate building codes and standards, and inform the prioritization of mitigation measures.
Ultimately, the establishment of a national fragility curve database will contribute to enhancing Indonesia's resilience to multi-hazard events and improving disaster preparedness at various scales. © 2023 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.
Kost G.J.; Füzéry A.K.; Caratao L.K.R.; Tinsay S.; Zadran A.; Ybañez A.P.Kost, Gerald J. (7006516959); Füzéry, Anna K. (6602207149); Caratao, Louie Kim R. (58524713300); Tinsay, Samantha (58525605800); Zadran, Amanullah (57203716292); Ybañez, Adrian P. (6504655748)Using geographic rescue time contours, point-of-care strategies, and spatial care paths to prepare island communities for global warming, rising oceans, and weather disasters2023 Objectives: To perform geographic contour analysis of sea and land ambulance rescue times in
an archipelago subject to super typhoons; to design point-of-care testing strategies for medical emergencies and weather disasters made more intense by global warming and rising oceans;
and to assess needs for prehospital testing on spatial care paths that accelerate decision making, increase efficiency, improve outcomes, and enhance standards of care in island nations. Methods: We performed needs assessments, inspected healthcare facilities, and collected ambulance rescue times from professionals in the Bantayan Archipelago, Philippines.
We mapped sea/land ambulance rescue routes and time contours. To reveal gaps, we statistically compared the fastest and slowest patient rescue times from islands/islets and barangays to the District Hospital on Bantayan Island. We developed spatial care paths (the fastest routes to care) for acute myocardial infarction, community care, and infectious diseases. We generated a compendium of prehospital diagnostic testing and integrated outcomes evidence, diagnostic needs, and public health goals to recommend point-of-care strategies that build geographic health resilience. Results: We observed limited access to COVID-19 assays, absence of blood gas/pH testing for critical care support, and spatial gaps in land and airborne rescues that worsened during inclement weather and sea swells. Mean paired differences (slowest-fastest) in ambulance rescue times to the District Hospital for both islands and barangays were significant (P < 0.0001). Spatial care path analysis showed where point-of- care cardiac troponin testing should be implemented for expedited care of acute myocardial infarction. Geospatial strengths comprised distributed primary care that can be facilitated by point-of-care testing, logical interisland transfers for which decision making and triage could be accelerated with onboard diagnostics, and healthcare networks amenable to medical advances in prehospital testing that accelerate treatment. Conclusions: Point-of-care testing should be positioned upstream close to homes and island populations that have prolonged rescue time contours. Geospatially optimized point-of-need diagnostics and distributed prehospital testing have high potential to improve outcomes. These improvements will potentially decrease disparities in mortality among archipelago versus urban dwellers, help improve island public health, and enhance resilience for increasingly adverse and frequent climate change weather
Rolleston C.; Nyerere J.; Brandli L.; Lagi R.; McCowan T.Rolleston, Caine (16234808800); Nyerere, Jackline (55341951500); Brandli, Luciana (15925025000); Lagi, Rosiana (57194654168); McCowan, Tristan (8424780600)Aiming Higher? Implications for Higher Education of Students’ Views on Education for Climate Justice2023 In 2023, a high number of climate disasters were recorded globally, highlighting the urgent
dangers inherent in climate change and the inequities that result from its uneven impacts.
Higher education institutions (HEIs) potentially play a crucial role in furthering climate justice through their research, teaching, community engagement and public awareness. Many students enter HEIs with high expectations concerning their education regarding climate change and more broadly of their institution’s contribution to climate action. In this article, we explore these expectations alongside the perceptions of students regarding how HEIs are delivering on them, i.e., the extent to which students are satisfied with their HEIs’ policies and practice on climate change. We employ data from a large-scale survey of more than 4000 students conducted by the Transforming Universities for a Changing Climate (Climate-U) project collected in nine HEIs in three countries (Brazil, Fiji and Kenya) during 2021–22. Results indicate that satisfaction among students in the sampled HEIs is often low, while expectations are typically high. There is some evidence that students in contexts already more directly exposed to the impacts of climate change were somewhat more active and more satisfied. Overall, students frequently expected to learn more about climate change than they were in fact learning and expressed high levels of environmental concern as well as some dissatisfaction with HEIs’ wider activities to limit the impact of climate change and to promote understanding of the issues. We discuss the findings in relation to the gaps between what students expect from their HEIs and what HEIs are currently doing in the three countries. Furthermore, we consider how HEIs in Brazil, Fiji and Kenya may improve their engagement with issues of climate change and respond to students’
views and expectations, including the promotion of preparedness for and resilience to the climate crisis and its effects. © 2023 by the authors.
Ma J.-C.; Jiang Z.-Q.; Ma Y.-J.; Dai Y.-H.Ma, Jun-Chao (57212266973); Jiang, Zhi-Qiang (8940198200); Ma, Yin-Jie (57373080900); Dai, Yue-Hua (58292243500)Community Structure and Resilience of the City Logistics Networks in China2023 Logistics security, as the lifeline of the economy connecting production, distribution, and consumption, holds a pivotal position in the modern economic system, where any potential threats like natural disasters or cyber attacks could have far-reaching impacts on the overall economy. With a unique large-scale logistics data set, logistics networks between cities in China are constructed. We thus identify communities of cities that have dense logistics connections in these networks. The cities in the communities are found to exhibit strong connections in the economy, resources, and industry. The detected communities are also aligned with the urban agglomerations mentioned in the guidelines reported by the National Development and Reform Commission of China. We further extend our analysis to assess the resilience of the city logistics networks, especially focusing on the influence of community structures. Random and intentional attacks are considered in our resilience analysis. Our results reveal that the city logistics networks are robust to the random attacks and are vulnerable to the intentional attacks on the nodes with dense links between and within communities. Our results not only deepen our understanding of the community structure and resilience of the city logistics networks but also provide insights on how to improve the efficiency and safety of intercity logistics. © 2023 by the authors.
Son C. Son, Changwon (57200825032)Disaster Ergonomics: a Human Factors approach to address escalating challenges from disasters2023
Recent disasters occurring as natural events, industrial incidents, and public health crises, impose unprecedented challenges to humans and communities. Increasing uncertainty and complexity of disasters require multidisciplinary research efforts due to various elements involved in a disaster management system (DMS). Despite the growing body of knowledge regarding disasters, an Ergonomics approach toward the DMS is still limited. To address such a research gap, the current paper presents a Disaster Ergonomics framework that incorporates three essential system elements: demands from a disaster, strategies of responders and response organizations to satisfy the demands, and disaster tools and technologies to bridge the demands and the strategies. Especially, the framework is built upon three pillars of the DMS:
resource management, command and coordination, and information and communication. As a form of simple validation, an analysis of 2017 Hurricane Harvey was conducted in line with the framework. Recommended future research topics and directions for full validation of the Disaster Ergonomics framework are also discussed. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
Hu X.; Huang P.; Lv Y.; Liu M.Hu, Xiaoshan (58700218900); Huang, Peisen (58699427500); Lv, Yang (57437166300); Liu, Mingxia (58699427600)Disaster education: empowering resilience and mitigating PTSD in disaster-prone areas of China2023
The people of disaster-affected communities are suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to the adverse effects of natural disasters. Education about disasters has become a possible strategy for fostering resilience and easing PTSD symptoms. This study intends to investigate the moderating roles of social support and disaster experiences on the relationships between disaster education, psychological resilience, and PTSD in disaster-prone regions of Southwest China. This study used Disaster Education Evaluation Scale, Psychological
Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Social Support Rating Scale (SRSS), event intensity Scale and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale (PTSD-SS), surveyed 712 residents in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other areas where natural disasters frequently occur in Southwest China.
The research findings indicate that there is a negative association between disaster education and PTSD. The association is influenced by the presence of improved psychological resilience, which acts as a mediator. Additionally, it was discovered that disaster events positively moderated the relationship between psychological resilience and PTSD while social support negatively moderated it. Resilience has a noteworthy role as a substantial mediator, highlighting its crucial function in mitigating the detrimental consequences of catastrophes and amplifying the beneficial outcomes of disaster education. These results imply that building psychological resilience, which might reduce PTSD symptoms in people living in disaster-prone regions, is a critical part of disaster education. The strength of the catastrophic event and social support are other factors that affect how psychological resilience and PTSD are related. The research argues that disaster education is crucial for strengthening community resilience and reducing PTSD symptoms in at-risk areas. To increase psychological resilience and lessen PTSD in high-risk locations, policymakers and disaster management organizations should emphasize disaster education initiatives and strengthen social support network. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd
Chmutina K.; Lizarralde G.; von Meding J.; Bosher L.Chmutina, Ksenia (55175714200); Lizarralde, Gonzalo (13405891300); von Meding, Jason (36350382300); Bosher, Lee (55905841000)Standardised indicators for “resilient cities”: the folly of devising a technical solution to a political problem2023 Purpose: Driven by the New Urban Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals, decision makers have been striving to reorientate policy debates towards the aspiration of achieving urban resilience and monitoring the effectiveness of adaptive measures through the
implementation of standardised indicators. Consequently, there has been a rise of indicator systems measuring resilience. This paper aims to argue that the ambition of making cities resilient does not always make them less vulnerable, more habitable, equitable and just.
Design/methodology/approach: Using an inductive policy analysis of ISO standard 37123:2019
“Sustainable cities and communities — Indicators for resilient cities”, the authors examine the extent to which the root causes of risks are being addressed by the urban resilience agenda.
Findings: The authors show that the current standardisation of resilience fails to adequately address the political dimension of disaster risk reduction, reducing resilience to a management tool and missing the opportunity to address the socio-political sources of risks. Originality/value:
Such critical analysis of the Standard is important as it moves away from a hazard-centric approach and, instead, permits to shed light on the socio-political processes of risk creation and to adopt a more nuanced and sensitive understanding of urban characteristics and governance mechanisms. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Prashar N.; Lakra H.S.; Shaw R.; Kaur H.Prashar, Naveen (57822406200); Lakra, Harshit Sosan (57766774400); Shaw, Rajib (23020035100); Kaur, Harsimran (57213128844)Urban Flood Resilience: A comprehensive review of assessment methods, tools, and techniques to manage disaster2023 Academic interest in comprehending flood resilience concepts and their evaluation is growing with the increasing frequency and severity of disasters due to climate change (CC). This paper conducts a comprehensive and systematic literature review on urban flood resilience
assessment (UFRA) to address the inadequacy of urban preparedness, response and lengthy recovery process. The review covers the UFRA process considering urban elements, methods, tools and techniques, and challenges in achieving resilience and provides guidance for constructing advance resilience assessment frameworks. Scopus and Web of Science databases were accessed by employing pertinent keywords. The review of UFRA literature reveals a prevalence of frameworks analysing isolated or clustered urban elements rather than a comprehensive framework for assessing flood resilience. Various methods, tools and
techniques, such as multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM), hydrological modelling, household surveys, and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, are commonly employed in the flood resilience assessment of single or clustered elements. However, to achieve overall resilience in an urban area, there is a need for an integrated and comprehensive approach that accounts for the evolving risk landscape. Creating a comprehensive framework poses challenges due to the intricate nature of the urban system, which requires collaboration across multiple disciplines and integration of modern tools and techniques, including
computational modelling such as agent-based modelling (ABM) and system dynamics approaches, artificial intelligence techniques, and cognitive fuzzy modelling. The outcome of this research serves as a valuable resource for researchers, academicians, and policymakers. It aids in understanding the urban flood resilience process, focusing on urban elements and their inter-relationships, assessment methods and approaches, dimensions and indicators
necessary for achieving flood resilience scenarios comprehensively. © 2023
Mruksirisuk P.; Thanvisitthapon N.; Pholkern K.; Garshasbi D.; Saguansap P.Mruksirisuk, Prinya (58632303900); Thanvisitthapon, Nawhath (57053452100); Pholkern, Kewaree (55347676800); Garshasbi, Duangporn (58632632900); Saguansap, Panita (58632135900)Flood vulnerability assessment of Thailand's flood-prone Pathum Thani province and vulnerability mitigation strategies2023 This research assesses the flood vulnerability of Thailand's flood-prone province of Pathum
Thani using a comprehensive vulnerability assessment framework. The assessment framework incorporates three key components: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, consisting of 10, 12 and 11 flood vulnerability indicators, respectively. The flood vulnerability components and the flood vulnerability indicators are statistically validated by confirmatory factor analysis to determine the factor loadings and reliability of the components and indicators. The flood vulnerability questionnaire corresponding to the flood vulnerability indicators is subsequently developed and applied to the flood-prone districts of the province. The results show that proximity to rivers (with an indicator score of 0.685), household debt levels (0.612), land use patterns (0.617), and the proportion of low-income households (0.621) significantly contribute to the flood exposure of the province (with an exposure index score of 0.531). Larger household size (with an indicator score of 0.901), disruptions in public utility services (0.747), and
workplace absenteeism due to flooding (0.741) contribute to the province's higher flood sensitivity (with a sensitivity index score of 0.633). Drainage capacity of natural and man-made waterways (0.571) contributes to low to moderate levels of flood adaptive capacity. The flood vulnerability of seven administrative districts of Pathum Thani, as measured by the flood
vulnerability index scores (0.454–0.608), range from moderate to high. Local authorities need to invest in flood warning and response systems, prioritize infrastructure development and
encourage community engagement to reduce the flood vulnerability. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Bekkar B.; DeNicola N.; Girma B.; Potarazu S.; Sheffield P.Bekkar, Bruce (57217197753); DeNicola, Nathaniel (24074400300); Girma, Blean (57224982729); Potarazu, Savita (57224819782); Sheffield, Perry (24503621200)Pregnancy and newborn health - heat impacts and emerging solutions2023 Evidence is accumulating, both in the US and abroad, of the apparent serious health impacts of
various environmental exposures tied to climate change. High ambient temperature, or heat, is a worsening global health risk. Heat risk is affected by many factors such as the magnitude, duration, and timing of exposure – such as specific, critical windows during pregnancy. This article focuses on the association of heat with both adverse pregnancy and newborn health outcomes. Regarding pregnancy, studies link heat and preterm birth, low birth weight and stillbirth. Multiple potential mechanisms support the biological plausibility of these
associations. Emerging evidence suggests that heat, via epigenetics, may affect maternal health far beyond pregnancy. For newborn health impacts, heat is associated with increased
hospitalization, neurologic and gastrointestinal dysfunction, and infant death. Research gaps include the need to study neonates separately from children and determining the mechanisms linking heat to adverse outcomes. We also highlight disparate adverse reproductive health outcomes for communities of color and low income tied to disproportionate exposures to environmental stressors like heat. Finally, we summarize educational and clinical tool resources for clinicians, information for patients, and opportunities for near-term action using the
precautionary principle framework. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.
Ian V.-K.; Tang S.-K.; Pau G.Ian, Vai-Kei (57218835091); Tang, Su-Kit (57205682754); Pau, Giovanni (55386607600)Assessing the Risk of Extreme Storm Surges from Tropical Cyclones under Climate Change Using Bidirectional Attention-Based LSTM for Improved Prediction2023 Accurate prediction of storm surges is crucial for mitigating the impact of extreme weather
events. This paper introduces the Bidirectional Attention-based Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Storm Surge Architecture, BALSSA, addressing limitations in traditional physical models. By leveraging machine learning techniques and extensive historical and real-time data, BALSSA significantly enhances prediction accuracy. Utilizing a bidirectional attention-based LSTM framework, it captures complex, non-linear relationships and long-term dependencies, improving the accuracy of storm surge predictions. The enhanced model, D-BALSSA, further amplifies predictive capability through a doubled bidirectional attention-based structure.
Training and evaluation involve a comprehensive dataset from over 70 typhoon incidents in Macao between 2017 and 2022. The results showcase the outstanding performance of BALSSA, delivering highly accurate storm surge forecasts with a lead time of up to 72 h. Notably, the model exhibits a low Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.0287 m and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.0357 m, crucial indicators measuring the accuracy of storm surge predictions in water level anomalies. These metrics comprehensively evaluate the model’s accuracy within the specified timeframe, enabling timely evacuation and early warnings for effective disaster mitigation. An adaptive system, integrating real-time alerts, tropical cyclone (TC) chaser, and prospective visualizations of meteorological and tidal measurements, enhances BALSSA’s capabilities for improved storm surge prediction. Positioned as a comprehensive tool for risk management, BALSSA supports decision makers, civil protection agencies, and governments involved in disaster preparedness and response. By leveraging advanced machine learning techniques and extensive data, BALSSA enables precise and timely predictions, empowering coastal communities to proactively prepare and respond to extreme weather events. This enhanced accuracy strengthens the resilience of coastal communities and protects lives and infrastructure from the escalating threats of climate change. © 2023 by the authors.
Rosvold E.L.Rosvold, Elisabeth Lio (57212386841)Disaster resilience in conflict-affected areas: a review of how armed conflicts impact disaster resilience2023
The geographic overlap between disasters and armed conflict is substantial, making disaster resilience intrinsically linked to conflict exposure. Despite this, there is only a very small
literature investigating how armed conflict impacts disaster risk and resilience in affected areas.
This article reviews the most recent literature on armed conflict and disaster resilience and shows that while disasters can increase the risk of violent outcomes in contexts where governments and populations are particularly vulnerable to their impacts, these very features are also influenced by the presence of armed conflict. Thus, the relationship is circular, and conflict and disaster risk reinforce each other, and should not be dealt with separately. The review provides an overview for scholars and practitioners who wish to assess the current understanding of how disasters and conflicts impact affected communities’ resilience. © 2023 The Author(s)
Andhikaputra G.; Lin Y.-H.; Wang Y.-C.Andhikaputra, Gerry (57216935394); Lin, Yu-Han (58173395000); Wang, Yu-Chun (55734029300)Effects of temperature, rainfall, and El Niño Southern Oscillations on dengue-like-illness incidence in Solomon Islands2023 Background: This study investigated associations between climate variables (average
temperature and cumulative rainfall), and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and dengue-like- illness (DLI) incidence in two provinces (Western and Guadalcanal Provinces) in Solomon Islands (SI). Methods: Weekly DLI and meteorological data were obtained from the Ministry of Health and Medical Services SI and the Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management and Meteorology from 2015 to 2018, respectively. We used negative binomial generalized estimating equations to assess the effects of climate variables up to a lag of 2 months and ENSO on DLI incidence in SI. Results: We captured an upsurge in DLI trend between August 2016 and April 2017. We found the effects of average temperature on DLI in Guadalcanal Province at lag of one month (IRR: 2.186, 95% CI: 1.094–4.368). Rainfall had minor but consistent effect in all provinces. La Niña associated with increased DLI risks in
Guadalcanal Province (IRR: 4.537, 95% CI: 2.042–10.083), whereas El Niño associated with risk reduction ranging from 72.8% to 76.7% in both provinces. Conclusions: Owing to the effects of climate variability and ENSO on DLI, defining suitable and sustainable measures to control dengue transmission and enhancing community resilience against climate change in low- and middle-developed countries are important. © 2023, The Author(s).
Waldron-Moore P.Waldron-Moore, Pamela (6507021842)Designing knowledge economies for disaster resilience: Case studies from the African diaspora2023
Disaster research has been studied from many angles, seldom targeting its implications for vulnerable territories in Africa. Entities most subject to the effects of climate change are often undeveloped and located in disadvantaged regions. Post-disaster communities need to scrutinize the social, political, economic, and cultural structures that stagnate sustainable growth. Acknowledging that low economic development and high climate costs cannot coexist, this collected volume interrogates the challenge for disaster-prone territories to determine strategies for restructuring and redesigning their environment. This book proposes the creation of knowledge economies, whereby empowered communities may produce innovative
knowledge translatable across the African diaspora. © 2024 Pamela Waldron-Moore. All rights reserved.
Elliott C.S.; Dudley K.; Seaman A.N.; Schroeder L.Elliott, C.S. (57192186455); Dudley, Katie (57224407577); Seaman, Alana N. (57205628967); Schroeder, Lindsey (57224893115)In the aftermath: Craft beer, neolocalism, and community resilience2023 In disaster recovery, community resilience researchers continue to find social capital and place attachment play critical roles. Gaps remain, however, regarding the role of for-profit firms, which are normally viewed as “extending” organizations. Meanwhile, craft beer scholarship often centers on breweries' capacities to foster place attachment and social capital, often signaled by neolocalism, or intentionality in constructing communal identity. This study leverages a unique research opportunity to observe the before and after processes of place construction in the context of craft beer breweries and disaster recovery in coastal communities. We find the breweries’ neolocalism to be characterized by “liminality,” or the in-between of juxtaposing themes. The sense of place fostered spaces for social capital, aiding brewery patrons' recovery following Hurricane Florence. Rather than extending organizations, these findings suggest neolocalist for-profit firms may help community resilience through their regular tasks of constructing space for communal identity. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Platzer E.K.; Knodt M.Platzer, Eva Katharina (58613823000); Knodt, Michèle (7801544400)Resilience beyond insurance: coordination in crisis governance2023
The latest report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warns of an increase in heavy rainfall events due to global warming and climate change, which can result in
significant economic costs for insurance companies and businesses. To address this challenge, insurance companies are focusing on developing new risk management strategies and offering new products such as flood insurance. However, the article argues that effective and feasible coordination shortens recovery time and can therefore drastically reduce the financial costs of a crisis—that is, the insurance costs. The paper analyses the deficit in crisis management during heavy rain events in Germany, based on the 2021 Ahr valley flood. The analysis is conducted based on document analysis and interviews and focuses on three areas of deficit: coordination between crisis staffs and (1) civil society, (2) emergency responders, and (3) political leaders.
The paper highlights the importance of coordination during a crisis, which can help to address the crisis more efficiently and effectively, minimise damage and get communities back on their feet faster. The paper recommends policy changes to improve interface management and disaster management coordination. © 2023, The Author(s).
Pecharroman L.C.Pecharroman, L. Cano (57201274284)Assessing community flood adaptation capacity to reduce flood losses2023
Flooding constitutes the largest proportion of economic losses from disasters in the US and is poised to become the main driver of disaster-driven economic loss worldwide. Community level flood planning has the potential to alleviate part of the problem. The US Community Rating System incentivizes community floodplain management practices in exchange for flood insurance premium rate discounts. The main goal of the program is to reduce and avoid flood damage to insurable property. Using multi-period matching and difference in differences this paper explores whether and to what extent this goal is achieved. Contrary to past evidence, this assessment finds mixed evidence on the potential that participating in the CRS decreases flood losses for communities that join the CRS. Further research is required to explore whether the program contributes to increasing community resilience aspects beyond decreasing damage to insurable property, and to determine who benefits from flood loss reduction. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Ficara F.; Wheeler M.Ficara, Francesca (58779498700); Wheeler, Monique (58020484600)A paradigm shift in disaster management: Incorporating a human rights-based approach to disaster risk reduction2023 Understanding disasters as socially constructed events represents a departure from current and historic ways in which disasters are characterized, requiring a focal shift in thinking from forces of nature toward social order. Changing societal reactions to evolving natural occurrences restores disasters within the social order, introducing law as an essential framework in approaching disasters as injustices as opposed to misfortunes. International attention is starting to shift strategies intended to reduce risks to natural or man-made hazards and increasing attention on methods toward minimizing their impact known as disaster risk reduction (DRR). DRR is “a policy aimed at preventing new and reducing existing disaster risk and managing residual risk, all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and therefore to the achievement of sustainable development.” The development of normative frameworks to reinforce disaster governance is a significant component in enhancing disaster management systems. Disaster law is an emerging tool to regulate “governance, ethics, and decisions on the demands of a sustainable, inclusive, and healthy planet.” International legal frameworks heavily influence disaster prevention and preparedness with an increased central focus on
implementing International Human Rights Law in DRR practices. Legal structures protecting human rights in DRR initiatives positively obligate states to take proper and necessary actions to prevent harm from future disasters. The application of human rights standards fosters the paradigm shift from evaluation of the hazards impact toward assessments of states' negligence of risks. Interactions among the natural environment, socio-demographics, and the built environment are strong predictors for disaster losses, thus “the regulatory potential for avoiding disasters and reducing their consequence is obvious.” Preventative action becomes a crucial element if the catalyst of the disaster event is failure to adequately prepare and social vulnerability. Disaster law encompasses participation, damage control, and local habitat management as mandatory conditions of governance, assigning criminal liability to public administrators' negligence toward disaster planning and/or enforcement. Disaster law produces a “sustainable, reliable, and cost-effective model for addressing disasters, ” empowering communities to participate in disaster management efforts, one of the strongest methods of building resilience and reducing risk to disasters. © 2023 Weston Medical Publishing. All rights
Blagojević N.; Stojadinović B.Blagojević, N. (57221726671); Stojadinović, B. (55882166100)Supply/demand interface for disaster resilience assessment of interdependent infrastructure systems considering privacy and security concerns2023 The ability to swiftly restore functionality following an extreme event is an essential
characteristic of a disaster resilient infrastructure system. However, the restoration of functionality of a single infrastructure system often depends on the functionality of other systems that provide resources the considered system needs to operate and recover.
Furthermore, infrastructure systems are crucial for the post-disaster functional recovery of the building stock of a community. Thus, community resilience assessment and improvement require a system-of-systems perspective, considering the post-disaster performance of several interdependent infrastructure systems and the building stock at the same time. One of the principal issues in resilience assessment and improvement is that such system-of-systems consideration may require detailed information on the vulnerability and recoverability of numerous components. While such information might be available for certain systems (e.g., housing), for others, the information might be unavailable due to privacy and security concerns (e.g., electric power supply systems or buildings housing important functions). In this paper, we propose a supply/demand interface between the system-of-systems simulator, defined within the interdependent Resilience - Compositional Demand/Supply (iRe-CoDeS) framework, and the individual infrastructure system simulators. Such an interface can be used for regional recovery simulation and resilience assessment of interdependent infrastructure systems, while allowing infrastructure system operators to maintain system’s privacy and/or security. We define a tiered supply/demand interface, where the amount of information provided by individual systems can range from system-level to component-level post-disaster evolution of resource supply and demand, assessed using expert opinion or confidential in-house models.
The proposed supply/demand interfaces are illustrated in a semi-virtual case study, assessing the seismic resilience of North-East San Francisco, focusing on the effect of interdependent infrastructure on the functional recovery of residential buildings. © 2023, The Author(s).
Laun A.; Mazzuchi T.; Sarkani S.; Tomiczek T.Laun, Alexander (57206659837); Mazzuchi, Thomas (7004222916); Sarkani, Shahram (56279074200); Tomiczek, Tori (55925387200)Resilience as Property Value Rebound: Analysis of Expanded Datasets from Hurricanes Ike and Irma2023 For residential structures in America's coastal communities, resilience is an essential system quality. Such resilience is best conceptualized as a given system's ability to anticipate, respond to, recover from, and adapt to disruption. Practically, the quantification of parcel-scale
resilience requires detailed temporal data and the ability to assess various indicators of system performance variability. This paper considers expanded datasets related to wave and storm surge damage for two catastrophic disruptions: Hurricane Ike in Galveston County, Texas, and Hurricane Irma in Monroe County, Florida. Data mining suggests that appraised property values for single-family residences may be used to characterize a given parcel's post-disruption economic response and rebound behavior. Such rebound varies, and the authors offer four potential indicators of such variability for future study: the severity of the initial disruption, a parcel's location, a parcel's construction, and a given property's flood insurance coverage. In general, following a hurricane, recorded property values appear to serve as another feasible measure of a given disaster-affected system's resilient performance. Ultimately, these findings not only offer another mechanism by which community leaders can effectively manage
resilience but also suggest that FEMA must continue to improve the National Flood Insurance Program. © 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
Hall C.E.; Wehling H.; Stansfield J.; South J.; Brooks S.K.; Greenberg N.; Amlôt R.; Weston D.Hall, C.E. (57221488705); Wehling, H. (57210994108); Stansfield, J. (55270304000); South, J. (57204254035); Brooks, S.K. (49460937800); Greenberg, N. (7103345892); Amlôt, R. (16549254900); Weston, D. (54400611100)Examining the role of community resilience and social capital on mental health in public health emergency and disaster response: a scoping review2023 The ability of the public to remain psychologically resilient in the face of public health
emergencies and disasters (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) is a key factor in the effectiveness of a national response to such events. Community resilience and social capital are often
perceived as beneficial and ensuring that a community is socially and psychologically resilient may aid emergency response and recovery. This review presents a synthesis of literature which answers the following research questions: How are community resilience and social capital quantified in research?; What is the impact of community resilience on mental wellbeing?; What is the impact of infectious disease outbreaks, disasters and emergencies on community
resilience and social capital?; and, What types of interventions enhance community resilience and social capital? A scoping review procedure was followed. Searches were run across Medline, PsycInfo, and EMBASE, with search terms covering both community resilience and social capital, public health emergencies, and mental health. 26 papers met the inclusion criteria. The majority of retained papers originated in the USA, used a survey methodology to collect data, and involved a natural disaster. There was no common method for measuring community resilience or social capital. The association between community resilience and social capital with mental health was regarded as positive in most cases. However, we found that community resilience, and social capital, were initially negatively impacted by public health emergencies and enhanced by social group activities. Several key recommendations are proposed based on the outcomes from the review, which include: the need for a standardised and validated approach to measuring both community resilience and social capital; that there should be enhanced effort to improve preparedness to public health emergencies in
communities by gauging current levels of community resilience and social capital; that community resilience and social capital should be bolstered if areas are at risk of disasters or public health emergencies; the need to ensure that suitable short-term support is provided to communities with high resilience in the immediate aftermath of a public health emergency or disaster; the importance of conducting robust evaluation of community resilience initiatives deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2023, Crown.
Panguriseng D.Panguriseng, Darwis (56521697400)Mitigation and adaptation of landslip disasters2023
Land My reason for discussing these two things (mitigation and adaptation), because people think that mitigation is only carried out after a disaster, and that disaster adaptation efforts are almost never carried out. In my opinion, disaster mitigation focuses on minimizing disaster risk, and disaster adaptation is an effort to increase the resilience of the environment and people in disaster-prone areas, so as to prevent the occurrence of such disasters. Landslides are one of the most frequent disasters in Indonesia, especially during the rainy season. Landslides can cause property losses, sometimes even causing casualties from the community. The number of landslide cases in Indonesia proves that landslides are still seen as a type of disaster that cannot be predicted when they occur, how severe their impact is, etc. In this case it is clear that landslides occur every year in the rainy season. Itneeds serious attention from the government;
to carry out mitigation efforts consistently, with the main objective of minimizing the risk of landslides. This can only be achieved with the motto "it is better to prevent than to overcome landslides". The cost of preventing landslides is much cheaper than the costs of
countermeasures after a landslide, and the success of landslide prevention does not result in casualties and losses to the community. serious concern from the community; to carry out adaptation efforts continuously, with the main objective of maintaining and increasing slope stability to avoid landslides. This can only be achieved if the community understands well the factors that strengthen and weaken the slope. With a good and widespread understanding, it will generate comprehensive awareness and participation from the community in building a
conducive landslide disaster adaptation, so that they will always take actions that have an impact on increasing slope stability, as well as avoiding activities that have the opposite impact.
© 2023 Author(s).
Qu Y.; Xu S.Qu, Ying (36111625400); Xu, Sheng (58860490500)Conceptual evolution of community resilience and comparative analysis of frontier spots at home and abroad; [2023 Community resilience was the ability of communities to cope with risks. As a basic component of the social system, communities were the key objects to withstand the impact of disasters.
The concept evolution of"Engineering resilience → Ecological resilience → Evolutionary resilience was analyzed from the perspective of the description of resilience content. The context of resilience evolution of" Social resilience → Urban and rural resilience → Community resilience"
was analyzed from the perspective of the subject of resilience, and the study refined the systematic positioning of community resilience. Through the visual analysis of the research literature on community resilience at home and abroad by CiteSpace, it can be found that foreign research focuses on the macro direction of society, environment and economy, while domestic research tends to solve the targeted problems caused by emergencies such as COVID- 19. By analyzing the evolution trend of hot spots, we can find that foreign countries are gradually moving forward from micro individuals to macro systems, while China is deepening from macro framework to micro branches. Through the analysis of research frontiers at home and abroad, it can be found that the resilience frontiers of foreign communities have shifted from the
framework research and the natural field to the social field, while the domestic research frontiers have been in the field of social and urban governance. © 2023 China Safety Science Journal. All rights reserved.
Heydari A.; Partovi P.; Zarezadeh Y.; Yari A.Heydari, Ahad (57217531508); Partovi, Peyman (54984568400); Zarezadeh, Yadolah (55837046800); Yari, Arezoo (36995590800)Exploring medical students’ perceptions and understanding of the health impacts of climate change: a qualitative content analysis2023 Background: Climate change has been identified as the greatest threat to global health in the
twenty-first century, with its unfavorable health consequences being among its impacts on humans. Exploring the perspectives and understanding of healthcare professionals and service providers concerning climate change becomes imperative. The aim of this study is to investigate the perceptions and understanding of final-year medical students regarding the health impacts of climate change on individuals and the healthcare system using a qualitative content analysis.
Methods: This study employed a qualitative content analysis approach. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the aid of an interview guide to explore the students' awareness,
understanding, and attitudes towards the impacts of climate change on public health and the healthcare system. The collected interview data were subsequently organized into codes, categories, and subcategories based on the students' perspectives and attitudes towards climate change. Results: Fifteen medical intern students were interviewed for this study, and the qualitative findings were categorized into 3 categories, 23 subcategories, and 229 codes. The study's findings revealed various health impacts of climate change, which were classified into three main categories, including environmental effects with 8 subcategories, socio-economic effects with 8 subcategories, and health effects with 7 subcategories. The study's findings revealed medical students' perceptions of various health impacts of climate change and These findings suggest that medical student understand that climate change has significant impacts on individuals' health and society, mainly through environmental degradation, increased risks, and climate-related disasters, which ultimately lead to adverse health outcomes. Conclusions:
The perspectives of medical students in this study indicate that climate change may not have a direct and immediate impact on the health of individuals and communities. However, it can significantly influence their health and socio-economic well-being by exacerbating or causing environmental problems, increasing the risk of weather-related events and natural disasters, ultimately leading to adverse health outcomes. While the medical students' perspectives on the health impacts of climate change are indeed broad, incorporating scientific knowledge about this topic into the medical curriculum and educating students on how to deal with patients affected by these consequences can have a significant impact on health management. This
Mello B.J.; de Moraes Souza C.M.; Aumond J.J.; Silva J.I.A.O.; Langa E.D.; de Novaes J.M.Mello, Bruno Jandir (55325750000); de Moraes Souza, Cristiane Mansur (57216381394); Aumond, Juares José (24829442300); Silva, José Irivaldo Alves Oliveira (57205889314); Langa, Emanuel Devigili (58722753300); de Novaes, Jéssica Marcielly (58046303100)SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS: SCENARIOS AND CHALLENGES FOR THE MUNICIPALITY OF BRUSQUE (SC)2023 Objective: Since the beginning of this century, the municipality of Brusque has recorded a
significant increase in landslide occurrences, which have caused both serious damage to the city's infrastructure and fatalities. This article aims to classify the socio-environmental vulnerability (SEV) of the municipality of Brusque, in the state of Santa Catarina (SC), to
socioenvironmental disasters (landslides). Methodology: The SEV mapping was developed from a multi-criteria analysis with the aid of a geographic information system (GIS). In order for the SEV classification to function, it was necessary to calculate the propensity (Ivs) and exposure (VAT) indices. The indices were cross referenced in a social and environmental vulnerability matrix. Originality/Relevance: The relevance of the study is justified by evaluating the
methodology that not only considers the physical natural environment, but also the ability of the community to prevent, absorb, resist/respond and adapt to socio-environmental disasters. Main Results: The results have classified Brusque as a municipality of high socio-environmental vulnerability to landslides. This classification indicates a pattern of high environmental susceptibility with an increased number of inhabitants living in risk areas. Contributions: This article aims to contribute through advances in evaluation research and the formulation of integrated risk and resilience management proposals in the municipalities of Vale do
Itajaí/SC/Brazil. In this context, it is important to understand scenarios with the greatest impact of socio-environmental disasters as a tool for urban planning and disaster risk management in the city of Brusque/SC © 2023 Universidade Nove de Julho-UNINOVE. All rights reserved.
Zhang Z.; Li S.; Chen A.; Jin X.; Lan J.; Liu Y.; Wei H.-H.Zhang, Zhenyu (57210173623); Li, Shixian (58667560000); Chen, Aidi (58666634900); Jin, Xin (57217342134); Lan, Junjian (58667787200); Liu, Yuyao (57732151200); Wei, Hsi-Hsien (54883133200)Enhancing Buildings’ Energy Resilience by Dynamic Seismic Emergency Inspection and Restoration Scheduling in Multiple Systems2023 Buildings’ energy resilience in natural disasters is reliant on the support of the functionalities of
critical infrastructure that the buildings connect to, such as highway-bridge and electric power systems. Meanwhile, as critical infrastructure systems have increasingly become
interconnected and interdependent, they are more susceptible to natural hazards and less able to withstand their effects. Insufficient research has been conducted regarding computational models of effectively representing the interdependencies and interactions involved in the restoration scheduling of post-disaster critical infrastructure systems. To address this research gap, this study proposes integer programs, integrating hybrid genetic algorithms, to explicitly investigate the impact of interactions and interdependencies between electric power systems (EPSs) and highway-bridge systems (HBSs) on the energy-recovery processes of buildings. The objective is to dynamically prioritize the restoration scheduling for EPSs and HBSs while considering inspection and restoration activities. A case study based on the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan province, China, is employed to validate the efficacy of the proposed method. The results of the analysis reveal that the dynamic model exhibits a substantial 6.4%
improvement in building energy resilience at the seven-day mark, compared to the static model.
Moreover, the proposed coupled EPS–HBS inspection–restoration joint model outperforms a disjoint EPS inspection–restoration scheduling model, yielding a remarkable 11.4%
enhancement in system resilience at the seven-day mark. These findings underscore the significance of considering interdependencies and interactions within critical infrastructure systems to enhance the energy resilience of buildings in earthquake-affected areas. © 2023 by the authors.
Wessell A.; Thorpe C.Wessell, Adele (57190803635); Thorpe, Clare (56244101300)Keeping the archives above water: preserving regional heritage in times of accelerated climate change2023
The critical question of how sustainability and resilience can inform archival practice in regional communities is motivated by the experience of flooding in Lismore, Australia, which exposed the vulnerability of local archives to the effects of climate change and the limitations of local
infrastructure. Regional historical societies and community organisations serve as a repository for the history of particular communities, preserving records, artefacts and other materials that document the unique stories and experiences of that place. Collections are independently curated and generally run by volunteers but poorly resourced with insufficient space. They are more likely to be subject to extreme weather events that disproportionately impact regional Australia compared to its cities. Regional collections fall outside national strategies for sustainability, digitisation or investment. Without urgent attention to the fate of regional archives, local heritage is under threat, and with it, an understanding of how that history contributes to the national past and the connection to place and community. This paper explores regional archives from the perspective of the local historical records of Lismore, Northern New South Wales, where flooding is a familiar experience that has reached a new intensity in recent years. © 2023, The Author(s).
Rajput A.A.; Mostafavi A.Rajput, Akhil Anil (57216541695); Mostafavi, Ali (57202661272)Latent sub-structural resilience mechanisms in temporal human mobility networks during urban flooding2023
In studying resilience in temporal human networks, relying solely on global network measures would be inadequate; latent sub-structural network mechanisms need to be examined to determine the extent of impact and recovery of these networks during perturbations, such as urban flooding. In this study, we utilize high-resolution aggregated location-based data to construct temporal human mobility networks in Houston in the context of the 2017 Hurricane Harvey. We examine motif distribution, motif persistence, temporal stability, and motif
attributes to reveal latent sub-structural mechanisms related to the resilience of human mobility networks during disaster-induced perturbations. The results show that urban flood impacts persist in human mobility networks at the sub-structure level for several weeks. The impact extent and recovery duration are heterogeneous across different network types. Also, while perturbation impacts persist at the sub-structure level, global topological network properties indicate that the network has recovered. The findings highlight the importance of examining the microstructures and their dynamic processes and attributes in understanding the resilience of temporal human mobility networks (and other temporal networks). The findings can also provide disaster managers, public officials, and transportation planners with insights to better evaluate impacts and monitor recovery in affected communities. © 2023, The Author(s).
Jayaraman S.K.; Venkatachalam V.; Eid M.M.; Krithivasan K.; Raju S.K.; Khafaga D.S.; Karim F.K.; Ahmed A.E.Jayaraman, Senthil Kumar (58672942300); Venkatachalam, Venkataraman (58672150600); Eid, Marwa M. (35795379100); Krithivasan, Kannan (57210248929); Raju, Sekar Kidambi (55497370700); Khafaga, Doaa Sami (58088844800); Karim, Faten Khalid (57222495869); Ahmed, Ayman Em (58273729400)Enhancing Cyclone Intensity Prediction for Smart Cities Using a Deep-Learning Approach for Accurate Prediction2023 Accurate cyclone intensity prediction is crucial for smart cities to effectively prepare and
mitigate the potential devastation caused by these extreme weather events. Traditional
meteorological models often face challenges in accurately forecasting cyclone intensity due to cyclonic systems’ complex and dynamic nature. Predicting the intensity of cyclones is a challenging task in meteorological research, as it requires expertise in extracting spatio- temporal features. To address this challenge, a new technique, called linear support vector regressive gradient descent Jaccardized deep multilayer perceptive classifier (LEGEMP), has been proposed to improve the accuracy of cyclone intensity prediction. This technique utilizes a dataset that contains various attributes. It employs the Herfindahl correlative linear support vector regression feature selection to identify the most important characteristics for enhancing cyclone intensity forecasting accuracy. The selected features are then used in conjunction with the Nesterov gradient descent jeopardized deep multilayer perceptive classifier to predict the intensity classes of cyclones, including depression, deep depression, cyclone, severe cyclone, very severe cyclone, and extremely severe cyclone. Experimental results have demonstrated that LEGEMP outperforms conventional methods in terms of cyclone intensity prediction accuracy, requiring minimum time, error rate, and memory consumption. By leveraging advanced techniques and feature selection, LEGEMP provides more reliable and precise predictions for cyclone intensity, enabling better preparedness and response strategies to mitigate the impact of these destructive storms. The LEGEMP technique offers an improved approach to cyclone intensity prediction, leveraging advanced classifiers and feature selection methods to enhance accuracy and reduce error rates. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through rigorous evaluation and comparison with conventional prediction methods, showcasing significant improvements in prediction accuracy. Integrating our enhanced prediction model into smart city disaster management systems can substantially enhance preparedness and response strategies, ultimately contributing to the safety and resilience of communities in cyclone-prone regions. © 2023 by the authors.
Obrist-Farner J.; Eckert A.; Douglas P.M.J.; Perez L.; Correa-Metrio A.; Konecky B.L.; Bauersachs T.; Zimmerman S.; Scheidt S.; Brenner M.; Kutterolf S.; Maurer J.; Flores O.; Burberry C.M.; Noren A.; Myrbo A.; Lachniet M.; Wattrus N.; Gibson D.Obrist-Farner, Jonathan (56968212100); Eckert, Andreas (8363818000); Douglas, Peter M. J. (46660947000); Perez, Liseth (36490164400); Correa-Metrio, Alex (56013704800); Konecky, Bronwen L. (15765916800); Bauersachs, Thorsten (25935919100); Zimmerman, Susan (55241190400); Scheidt, Stephanie (56513596400); Brenner, Mark (56260443000); Kutterolf, Steffen (16425710000); Maurer, Jeremy (56205312600); Flores, Omar (7005580321); Burberry, Caroline M. (47361147900); Noren, Anders (6701650751); Myrbo, Amy (13405480400); Lachniet, Matthew (6603141907); Wattrus, Nigel (6506327950); Gibson, Derek (57630519200)Planning for the Lake Izabal Basin Research Endeavor (LIBRE) continental scientific drilling project in eastern Guatemala2023 As Earth's atmospheric temperatures and human populations increase, more people are
becoming vulnerable to natural and human-induced disasters. This is particularly true in Central America, where the growing human population is experiencing climate extremes (droughts and floods), and the region is susceptible to geological hazards, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, and environmental deterioration in many forms (soil erosion, lake eutrophication, heavy metal contamination, etc.). Instrumental and historical data from the region are insufficient to understand and document past hazards, a necessary first step for mitigating future risks. Long, continuous, well-resolved geological records can, however, provide a window into past climate and environmental changes that can be used to better predict future
conditions in the region. The Lake Izabal Basin (LIB), in eastern Guatemala, contains the longest known continental records of tectonics, climate, and environmental change in the northern Neotropics. The basin is a pull-Apart depression that developed along the North American and Caribbean plate boundary gMyr ago and contains >ĝ€¯4ĝ€¯km of sediment. The
sedimentological archive in the LIB records the interplay among several Earth System processes. Consequently, exploration of sediments in the basin can provide key information concerning: (1) tectonic deformation and earthquake history along the plate boundary; (2) the timing and causes of volcanism from the Central American Volcanic Arc; and (3) hydroclimatic, ecologic, and geomicrobiological responses to different climate and environmental states. To evaluate the LIB as a potential site for scientific drilling, 65 scientists from 13 countries and 33 institutions met in Antigua, Guatemala, in August 2022 under the auspices of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) and the US National Science Foundation (NSF).
Several working groups developed scientific questions and overarching hypotheses that could be addressed by drilling the LIB and identified optimal coring sites and instrumentation needed to achieve the project goals. The group also discussed logistical challenges and outreach opportunities. The project is not only an outstanding opportunity to improve our scientific understanding of seismotectonic, volcanic, paleoclimatic, paleoecologic, and paleobiologic processes that operate in the tropics of Central America, but it is also an opportunity to improve understanding of multiple geological hazards and communicate that knowledge to help increase
Shirleyana; Hawken S.; Sunindijo R.Y.; Sanderson D.Shirleyana (57222331768); Hawken, Scott (56567869400); Sunindijo, Riza Yosia (21741351400); Sanderson, David (26436191000)The critical role of community networks in building everyday resilience – Insights from the urban villages of Surabaya2023 The resilience of a community facing hazards and disastrous events is determined by the degree to which the community owns necessary resources and the capacity to self-organise before, during, and after disasters. Social networks are a key aspect of this ability to self-organise and support their participants in the midst of stresses and shocks. Such networks can help address both large-scale and everyday disasters through a range of measures. This research, therefore, aims to understand how community networks can build resilience, using two detailed case studies from urban kampung (village) communities in Surabaya. A variety of methods, including network analysis, are applied to engage and evaluate the resilience of the communities. The analyses of community networks integrate places for interactions, activities, key actors, impacts on community resilience and strategies for strengthening community networks. The findings suggest three important support networks can enhance community resilience. These comprise of neighbours' networks, women's networks and political networks. This research therefore serves as a significant and strategic tool for policy makers, city planners, and researchers to better understand how community networks can contribute to everyday resilience and support communities to survive and ultimately thrive. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Valenzuela V.P.B.; Esteban M.; Onuki M.Valenzuela, Ven Paolo Bruno (57069986300); Esteban, Miguel (35075976400); Onuki, Motoharu (7007032725)Middle-class risk perception of disasters and land reclamation in Metro Manila, Philippines2023
The United Nations estimate that by 2030 about half of the world’s population would be comprised of the middle-class, who mostly live in the increasing number of megacities around the world. Southeast Asian megacities, such as Metropolitan Manila, have long been troubled by rapid urbanization, increasing disaster risk, and the looming impacts of climate change. As a response, there is a growing focus on disaster and climate resilient policies in megacities, most of which have only centered on how future disasters and climate uncertainty would impact vulnerable communities. This has resulted in policies that cater towards relocation of the poor to combat disasters and climate change. This exploratory study attempts to elucidate how the middle-class views disasters and land reclamation in Metro Manila, the Philippines. Using an online questionnaire survey of 425 middle-class respondents, the study shows that middle- class perception of risk potentially amplifies vulnerability and reduces the resilience of the poor.
While knowledge about the risks is high, the capacity of the middle class to act is low, especially compared to vulnerable communities. Also, climate change and disasters are viewed primarily as environmental issues, which is compounded by inadequate defenses. Land reclamation, along with coastal informal settlements, are viewed as an intrusion into the environment. This study finds that the middle-class’s perception of risk may marginalize the poor by favoring eviction of vulnerable communities in coastal areas, including those targeted for land reclamation, under the pretext of controlling the city’s population growth and environmental impact. © 2023, East China Normal University.
Kozole T.; Ross M.; Nicoletti C.; Rogla J.; Ives N.; Ali A.; Prom R.Kozole, Tyler (57221701612); Ross, Marlaina (58675050200); Nicoletti, Chris (57218202322); Rogla, Jennifer (57761494400); Ives, Nate (58676159700); Ali, Amjad (58821225300); Prom, Ratsamnang (58789502400)Impact of targeted subsidies on access to resilient sanitation for climate-vulnerable households in rural Cambodia2023 Access to safe sanitation is a basic requirement for human well-being and is critical for
protecting public health and preventing environmental contamination at the community level.
The increasing global risk of climate-related disasters exacerbates the likelihood of traditional sanitation solutions failing and exposing communities to harmful pathogens. This risk is ubiquitous in Cambodia’s flood-prone Tonle Sap Lake region, which has some of the lowest rates of sanitation coverage in the country. This study sought to design and test a targeted mechanism in the region to deliver sanitation subsidies to households in a vulnerable position due to climate and socioeconomic characteristics. Subsidy eligibility was evaluated using the poverty probability index for Cambodia, with thresholds set according to households’ individual and com-munity-level climate vulnerability. In a randomized controlled trial, offering subsidies increased the likelihood of successful sales conversions for climate-resilient latrine products among targeted households by 32 percentage points, indicating effectiveness for increasing market-based sanitation uptake. The research did not find evidence of widespread or sustained market distortion due to the subsidy program. © 2023 The Authors.
Rahman A.; Nazaruddin M.; Boret S.P.; Anjar Y.A.; Rosemary R.; Indah R.; Ridha S.; Masturah S.G.Rahman, Alfi (57195275328); Nazaruddin, Muzayin (57216658953); Boret, Sébastien Penmellen (56409801100); Anjar, Yuva Ayuning (58754309800); Rosemary, Rizanna (55088991600); Indah, Rosaria (57203283699); Ridha, Syahrul (57210314586); Masturah, Siti Ghaisani (58754177900)Memory, Meaning, and Monuments: An Ethnographic Study of Tsunami Memorialization in Aceh2023 The Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004, left an impact on Aceh, Indonesia, prompting
the establishment of tsunami memorials to preserve collective memories. This study examines how individuals and communities interact with tsunami memorials in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar. It seeks to understand the dynamic intersection between individual, community, and tsunami memorials using collective memory theory. Findings reveal that memorials serve as spaces of recollection, fostering connections with lost loved ones and reinforcing disaster resilience. However, memory erosion occurs over time due to generational shifts and social dynamic changes. Collective memory theory elucidates memorials' broader societal roles, promoting disaster education and empathy. Beyond commemorations, memorials become cultural symbols shaping memories, meanings, identities, and narratives. This research
highlights the importance of nuanced memorialization strategies to sustain engagement, foster disaster risk reduction strategies, and honor collective memory. © 2023 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.
Gunarathna U.; Bandara C.S.; Dissanayake R.; Munasinghe H.Gunarathna, Udari (58243856200); Bandara, Chaminda Senarathna (55849759600); Dissanayake, Ranjith (23099797600); Munasing
