In the speech above we can see the example of hesitation-influencies in spontaneous speech, especially in repair work. Based on the data obtained by the students' inadequacies, the students' deviations in spontaneous speech can be shown in the table below:. A class is unfilled pauses with 9 influencies, in the second is repair with 8 influencies, the third position is filled pauses with 7 influencies, and there was no unit of ritualized speech disorders in class A. Ferri Susanto 41 Table 2 Deviations in class B Types of inadequacies UP FP URS R 1. Actually in Jakarta, in Jakarta a lot.
I think the effect uh it can make uh our uh we can lose our education. From the table above, we can see that most of the disfluencies of student B grade are filled pauses with 37 disfluencies, in the second is recovery with 33 disfluencies, the third position is unfilled pauses with 5 disfluencies, and the last one is a unit of ritualized speech with 2 class B disfluencies. Basically the sound produced spontaneously during speech, which can represent pauses filled by vocalizations. Ferri Susanto 47 From the table above, we can see that most of the student's disfluencies.
A class is repair work with 7 disfluencies, in the second is filled pauses with 4 disfluencies, the third position is unfilled pauses with 3 disfluencies, and there was also no unit of ritualized speech disfluencies in class C. Corruption in Indonesia uh very well known. From the table above we can see that most deviations of student A class are unfilled breaks with 7 deviations, in the second is repair work with 3 deviations,; the third position is filled pauses with 3 disfluencies, and there was no unit of ritualized speech disfluencies in class D. A class is repair work with 6 disfluencies, in the second are unfilled pauses with 4 disfluencies, the third position is filled pauses with 2 disfluencies, and there was no unit of ritualized speech disorders in class E. The predominant deviations made by the students.
From table.6 above we can see that the highest number of disfluencies made by the students were in unfilled pauses, filled pauses, ritualized speech unit and the last one is repairs.
Repairs
The students made more deviations in the repair work, especially in repetition, about some students who were used as the false start difficulty. Ferri Susanto 51 improvement, linguistic improvement, repair, false start, accommodation and restart. Speech recovery The conversation process delivered by the speaker will certainly make several contributions in the conversation which is conducted in phases with the aim of expressing intentions;. However, this can happen with expression which is a simultaneous process of intention during the planning process and a good speaker should review and define what the speaker has said.
On closer examination, this is one of the factors for the occurrence of non-smoothness. these sorts of things would certainly be irritating utterances that are normally conveyed, and may include pauses or markers for the conversation where disfluency may set in and require appropriate correction. implementation of Enhancements may differ in structure; that is, what has been said in an utterance may be completely omitted, because a speaker is putting forward new ideas; in this process, the speaker may also repeat some words to improve speech, or simply insert pauses, perhaps filled with words, such as interjections, to make the most of the time. All of these forms of non-fluency are closely related to the correction known as speech enhancement. Speech enhancements have a standard structure, which contains three component utterances and one tone element.
To understand in more detail, the verbal repandum is called, it leads to the use of terms and changes, and the element of tone when speaking is a form of realized fluency, this process can be known as a break point. Reparandum: is the part of the speech that will always be heard and analyzed by correcting the speaker. The interruption process is a form of time when a fluency occurs in a speech by doing the appropriate distortion of the normal speech intonation pattern, and it will naturally appear at the end of the repandum.
Editing the terms used in speech in the form of words or sentences so that they should be able to predict the meaning of each word. So in fact it can be said that there is a very significant relationship between repandum and speech changes. The process of restoring speech can be classified as follows according to the facts that occur, including: fresh start, repair change, and short correction: • New beginning in this process, the speaker tends to ignore what he has just said , so we can say in detail that there is no relationship between repandum and change.
Speeches must have many modifications that are in accordance with the situation and conditions, therefore improvements are needed. Certain modifications are improvements to repandum, where one or more words are shared by repandum and changes.
Filled Pauses
Ferri Susanto 53 about what he wants to say next or the speaker is still confused about what he wants to say.
Unfilled Pauses
Units of Ritualized Speech
As a description of simple research for qualitative method). principles related to different branches of knowledge. The methodology used from different disciplines varies according to historical development6. That extends to competing views on how best to understand knowledge and reality. Researcher explained about the general procedure in collecting and analyzing the data The shape of the research design certainly focuses on the speech process, therefore the researcher conducts research by defining a concise and logical plan to answer existing research questions through data collection , interpretation, analysis, and discussion. Qualitative research is a method of research to explore and understand the meaning that some individuals or groups of people believe derives from social or human problems 7. This qualitative study has a structure or framework that should be flexible with flexible concepts and mechanisms that will allow a non- provide a monotonous and rigid view of the data obtained in the field, both data with participant and nonparticipatory observation. all data obtained through the analysis process so that it becomes an accurate source of data.
The population consists of the entire group of people who are of interest to the researcher and the results of the research can be generalized8. Who establishes that a population is a group of individuals with the same characteristics9. The population of this research is the fourth semester students of the English department of UIN FAS Bengkulu academic year 2021/2022 Table 7 Research population. Research instrument Together as a measuring instrument used to display, measure and record physical quantities, the process of making scientific instruments is required. The instrument analogy is a scientific analogy, so it may seem that naming one tool that you could use as a research instrument and another would not be a big deal, but as a researcher, of course, the list of instruments that you will use in your research experiments.
The instrument should look like the researcher knew what he was going to do. Instrumental meaning is obviously a basic concept that needs to be determined with various kinds of careful consideration. The term "research instrument" refers to any tool used. Researchers collect, measure and analyze the data so that they can produce the accuracy of the data obtained.
The process by which a researcher chooses an instrument depends on the type of study he will be conducting. Essentially, the researcher can say that the more thoroughly the researcher is able to explain it, especially if the researcher has created an instrument such as a survey, the more likely it is that other people will be able to replicate the research study. A good research instrument must of course have certain characteristics, especially regardless of the equipment that the researcher chooses to use in the research, then the equipment must have consistent characteristics that can survive under the strict control of the researcher. So, empirically, the instrument can have a significant impact, and the researcher also does not want the choice of the instrument he uses to be bad.
Data collection technique used in this study and the individual tools used to collect data. This research is qualitative, so the approach to data collection includes in-depth interviews, document analysis, observation and audiovisual analysis of the material10. The aim of all data collection is to capture quality evidence that will enable the analysis to formulate convincing and credible answers to the questions asked11. Of course, the accuracy of data is also determined by the detailed data collection process and is very important to maintain the integrity of the research conducted. Selection of the correct data collection instrument (existing, modified or newly developed) and clear and detailed instructions will be able to describe the correct use of the instrument, reducing the possibility of errors. Formal data collection is very necessary because to ensure that the collected data can be accurately defined.
The predominant non-whisper made by the students in spontaneous speech. The result shows that the dominant disfluency made by the students in spontaneous speech is repair. Suggestions, After this research is done, the researcher wants to give some suggestions that will give detail that describes everything.
