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E-mail: [email protected] ISSN: 2580-278X (e) pp : 73-83
Potential of Medicinal Plants in the Asteraceae Family Found in Harau Lima Puluh Kota Regency
Rizki
1*, Chairunnisak
1, Rina Alfina
1, Olivia Darlis
1, Rasdanelwati
11Study Program of Budi Daya Tanaman Hortikultura Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh
Jl. Raya Negara Km. 07 Tanjung Pati Kec, Harau Kab. Lima Puluh Kota
*email: [email protected]
Article History
Received: 13 October 2021 Reviewed: 1 November 2021 Accepted: 3 December 2021 Published: 30 December 2021 Key Words
Asteraceae;
Harau Lima Puluh Kota Regency;
Medicinal Plant.
Abstract
Harau is one of the areas with a wealth of flora and has not been fully explored, especially for medicinal plants. This research was carried out in July-September 2020 in Harau, Lima Puluh Kota District, using an exploratory survey by observing the research location. Samples of species in the Asteraceae family were taken as data, photos were tken, and samples of plants as herbarium specimens were taken as identification material. Furthermore, a literature review was carried out on this Asteraceae family plant which could be used as medicinal ingredients. Data analysis was done descriptively. The data obtained was presented in tabular form. Identification of plants of the Asteraceae family found in Harau and species of this family that had the potential for treatment were identified using the identification guide literature.
Based on the research conducted, it was found that 28 species in the Harau, Lima Puluh Kota District, with habitus terna, sufrutex, frutex, and liana. The Asteraceae family consisted of only one genus, except for Eupatorium which had three species, and Bidens which had two species.
INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is rich in ethnic, cultural, flora, and fauna diversity. The ethnic diversity that has existed for a long time has utilized the rich flora of Indonesia's nature to fulfill various life needs, for example, medicine. However, the richness of Indonesian flora that can be used as medicinal plants has not been fully explored properly, so it is not uncommon for certain types of flora to be considered only as wild plants, such as Familia Asteraceae.
The Asteraceae family is a sembung- sembungan plant that often grows around the community.the Asteraceae family is a plant with more than 24,000-30,000 species and 1600-1700 genera spread almost all over the world and inhabits various regions with all
environments. (Bisht & Purohit, 2014). This plant has great potential as a medicinal plant due to its several substances. Asteraceae has components of bioactive compounds, such as sesquiterpenes, lactones, pentacyclic triterpenes, alcohols, tannins, polyphenols, saponins, and sterols that can be used for medicinal purposes (Simanjuntak, 2017).
Research by several experts shows that the Asteraceae family has great potential to be used as a medicinal plant. In West Pasaman, 11 Familia Asteraceae plants can treat seven diseases: fever, wounds, ulcers, shortness of breath, flu, joint pain, and medicinal herbs for women after giving birth. (Rizki, Fernando, &
Nursyahra, 2019). Asteraceae, which is often used by the Simalungun community in North Sumatra as a traditional medicine ingredient,
such as; such as Achillea santolina, Ageratum conyzoides, Cosmos caudatus, Eclipta alba, Emilia sonchifolia, Eupatorium riparium, Gynura segetum, Sonchus arvensis, Tithonia diversifolia, and Wedelia calendulaceae (Simanjuntak, 2017). These results further strengthen the potential of the Asteraceae family as a source of medicinal plants. Still, its potential and availability in specific areas such as the Harau and Lima Puluh Kota District need to be studied more deeply.
Harau is one of the areas with a wealth of flora and has not been fully explored, especially for medicinal plants. Harau is a large valley located in Kanagarian Harau, Lima Puluh Kota District, West Sumatra Province, with 500 to 850 meters above sea level. This large valley has an area of 270.5 hectares/2,705km², designated as a nature reserve with various protected flora and fauna.
Based on observations in the Harau area, many Asteraceae family plants live in the wild and may have potential medicinal plants. Still, these species have not been well explored. So far, the community considers these plants as wild plants, and only a few are used as medicinal plants. Therefore, further study is needed to explore species of the Asteraceae family plant in the Harau area that can be medicinal plants. It is hoped that it can be used as local wisdom that local communities can use as a source of medicines.
METHOD
This research was conducted in July- September 2020 in Harau, Lima Puluh Kota District. The tools used in this study include a camera, stationery, scissors, crop shears, cutter knife, herbarium drying oven, herbarium clamping plate iron. The materials used are wild
Asteraceae family plants that grow in Harau, Lima Puluh Kota District, sacks, plastic bags, label paper, HVS paper, used newsprint, raffia rope, 95% alcohol, mounting paper, tracing paper.
This study uses an experimental survey method by observing the research site. Samples of plants specified in the Asteraceae family are collected, taking photos, and plant samplesare used as herbarium specimens used as identification material. Next is a literature review on this Asteraceae family plant that can be used as medicinal ingredients.
Data analysis was done descriptively.
The data obtained are presented in tabular form.
Identification of Asteraceae family plants found in Harau and species that have the potential for treatment were identified using the identification guide literature
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Classification and species composition
Based on the research conducted, it was found that 28 species in the Asteraceae/
Compositae family in Harau, Lima Puluh Kota District (Table 1), with the habitus of terna, sufrutex, frutex, and liana (Figure 1). Each plant of this group consists of only one genus, except for Eupatorium, which has three species, and Bidens, which has two species in that genus (Figure 2).
Potential Utilization for Medicine
Asteraceae is a group of plants with many species that can be used as medicinal plants. Based on this research, 28 species found in this location, 27 have been used by the community as medicinal plants. The potential of this species as a medicinal plant can be seen in Table 2.
Table 1. Types of Plants of the Asteraceae Family Found in Harau, Lima Puluh Kota District
No Spesies (Sciencetific Name) Common Name Vern Name Habit
1 Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass Marsh para cress Jotang kecil T 2 Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Billy goat weed Babadotan T
3 Bidens pilosa L. Cobblers pegs Ketul T
4 Bidens tripartita L. Three-lobe beggarticks, Ketul T
5 Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. Ngai camphor Sembung P
6 Centratherum punctatum Cass. Lark daisy Kancing lurah S 7 Clibadium surinamense L. Jackass breadnut Babanjaran P 8 Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. Blue mistflower Bunga kabut P 9 Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Sulphur cosmos Kenikir kuning P 10 Crassocephalum crepidioides
(Benth.) S.
Redflower ragleaf Sintrong
T 11 Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Little ironweed Little ironweed P 12 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. False daisy Urang aring T 13 Elephantopus mollis Kunth. Soft elephantsfoot Sawi hutan T 14 Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.)
Sch.Bip
Ogiera Telep
S 15 Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex DC Lilac tasselflower Tempuh wiyang T 16 Erechtites valerianifolia (Link ex
Wolf) Less. ex DC.
Tropical burnweed Ulam-ulam, sintrong
P 17 Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. Include fleabane Jabung, jalantir P 18 Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small-dogfennel Bungo cina P 19 Eupatorium odoratum L Jack in the bush Kirinyuh, rumput
minjangan P
20 Eupatorium serotinum Michx Lateflowering- thoroughwort
Tulang lambat
P 21 Melampodium divaricatum (Rich. Ex
Rich.) DC.
butter daisy Bunga seribu bintang S
22 Mikania micrantha Kunth Bitter vine Sembung rambat L
23 Praxelis clematidea (Griseb.) R.M.King & H.Rob
Praxelis Babadotan
T
24 Senecio lividus L. Livid Groundsel T
25 Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn Nodeweed Jotang kuda S 26 Tagetes erecta L. Mexican marigold Bunga Tahi Kotok P
27 Tridax procumbens (L.) L. Coat buttons Gletang T
28 Zinnia elegans L. Common zinnia Kembang kertas T
*Description: T= Terna, P= Shrub, S= Shrub, L= Liana
Figure 1. Grouping of Asteraceae Plant Species Based on Habitus
0 5 10 15
TERNA SUFRUTEX FRUTEX LIANA
13
4
10
1
Total
Habitus
Asteraceae Habitus Types found in Harau, Lima Puluh Kota District
Figure 2. Percentage of the Grouping of Medicinal Plant Species Based on Genera
Table 2. Asteraceae Used as Medicine
No. Species Potential Utilization for Medicine
1 Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass Toothache medicine (Syah, Sulaeman, & Pitopang, 2014) 2 Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Fever and cough, infertility, jaundice, hair loss, conjunctivitis
(inflammation of the lining of the eye) and abdominal pain (Abat, Kumar, & Mohanty, 2017), Skin disease (Fauziana &
Susandarini, 2019), wounds, ulcers (Rizki, Nursyahra, &
Fernando, 2019)
3 Bidens pilosa L. Inflammation, immunological disorders, digestive disorders, infections, cancer, metabolic syndrome, wounds (Bartolome, Villaseñor, & Yang, 2013), jaundice, malaria, inflammatory processes, asthma, and wound healing (Abat et al., 2017), menstrual problems (Patharaj & Kannan, 2017), Cough and flu (Fauziana & Susandarini, 2019)
4 Biden tripartita L. Anti Inflammation (Shikov et al., 2014), high fever, respiratory system disorders, skin diseases (Wolniak, Tomczykowa, Tomczyk, Gudej, & Wawer, 2007)
5 Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. Chest pain, beriberi, ulcers, headaches, hemorrhoids (Susiarti, Purwanto, & Wiadadri, 2009), Rheumatism, menstrual pain, influenza, flatulence, bone pain, diarrhea, thrush, asthma, angina pectoris (Rahardjo, 2016), fever (Sari, 2019), postpartum treatment (Rizki, Fernando, et al., 2019), (Rahayu, Arifa, Nikmatullah, & Keim, 2020)
6 Centratherum punctatum Cass. postpartum treatment (Bieski et al., 2015) high blood pressure, headache, cough, and asthma (Singgh, Dhole, Baske, &
Saravanan, 2017) Acmella
4%
Ageratum
4% Bidens
7%
Blumea
4% Centratherum 4%
Clibadium 4%
Conoclinium 4%
Cosmos 4%
Crassocephalum 4%
Cyanthillium 4%
Eclipta 4%
Elephantopus Eleutheranthera 4%
4%
Emilia 4%
Erechtites 4%
Erigeron 4%
Eupatorium 11%
Melapodium 4%
Mikania 4%
Praxelis 4%
Senecio 4%
Synedrella 4%
Tagetes 4%
Tridax
4% Zinnia
4%
PERCENTAGE OF SPECIES BASED ON THE ASTERACEAE FAMILY GENERA FOUND IN HARAU, LIMA PULUH KOTA DISTRICT
7 Clibadium surinamense L. Wound medicine (Royyani & Efendy, 2015) stomach ache (Silalahi, Baroto Walujo, & Mustaqim, 2018)
8 Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC.
Clean the blood (Patharaj & Kannan, 2017)
9 Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Pain in the bones in the joints (Rizki, Fernando, et al., 2019) 10 Crassocephalum crepidioides
(Benth.) S.
Stomach ache headache (Syah et al., 2014) 11 Cyanthillium cinereum (L.)
H.Rob.
Fever, Asthma, and Bronchitis (Moktan & Rai, 2019)
12 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Diarrhea, cough, pneumonia (pneumonia) (Wang, Seyler, Ticktin, Zeng, & Ayu, 2020)
13 Elephantopus mollis Kunth. Bronchitis, cough, influenza (Syah et al., 2014) 14 Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.)
Sch.Bip
Bronchitis, cough, and influenza, gonorrhea (Syah et al., 2014), Luka (Rizki, Fernando, et al., 2019)
15 Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex DC
Relieve flu symptoms (Fauziana & Susandarini, 2019) 16 Erechtites valerianifolia (Link ex
Wolf) Less. ex DC.
Minor wound medicine (Susiarti et al., 2009), Antioxidant (Sansena, M. A., Oktorida, R., & Wahyuni, 2019)
17 Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. Headaches, aches, and pains (Syah et al., 2014)
18 Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Anticancer (Poonthananiwatkul, Lim, Howard, Pibanpaknitee,
& Williamson, 2015), antifungal (Antonio, Selene, Elnatan, &
Raquel, 2017)
19 Eupatorium odoratum L Wounds and diabetes (Tambaru, 2017), colds, soreness, infection (Sembiring, Indriyanto, & Duryat, 2015), Rheumatism and gout (Fauziana & Susandarini, 2019) 20 Eupatorium serotinum Michx Typhoid fever (Lawson et al., 2020)
21 Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.
Ex Rich.) DC.
Malaria, flu (Giron, Freire, Alonzo, & Caceres, 1991), Wound (Rizki, Fernando, et al., 2019) fever (Sari, 2019)
22 Mikania micrantha Kunth Dysentery, flu (Lalfakzuala, Lalramnghinglova, & Kayang, 2007), dengue fever, cough, febrifuge, fever, insect bites, scabies (Bradacs, Heilmann, & Weckerle, 2011), Wound (Rizki, Fernando, et al., 2019)
23 Praxelis clematidea (Griseb.) R.M.King & H.Rob
Sprue (Filho et al., 2016) 24 Senecio lividus L. not yet known
25 Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn Ulcers, snake, and scorpion bite wounds (Syah et al., 2014) 26 Tagetes erecta L. breast cancer (Sari, 2019)
27 Tridax procumbens (L.) L. Pain, anti-swelling in patients with Rheumatism (Syah et al., 2014)
28 Zinnia elegans L. Gonorrhea (Syah et al., 2014) dysentery (Sari, 2019)
Twenty-eight species in the
Asteraceae/Compositae family were found in Harau, Lima Puluh Kota District, consisting of 25 genera.
Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass
Previously this species was known as Spilanthes uliginosa Sw. It is a plant with a herbaceous habitus, with stems that can reach more than one meter and live by vines. It has ribbon flowers and yellow tube flowers with 5- 7 ligules in 1 circle with a forked pistil. People in the Lore Lindu national park use this plant for toothache medicine (Syah et al., 2014).
People in Lubuk Alung District, Padang Pariaman, also use this plant as a toothache medicine. The processing is done by attaching the flower of this plant to the aching tooth. If inserted into the tooth's cavity, let it sit for a while, then remove it and gargle with clean water (Sari, 2019).
Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L.
This plant has a round stem with a rough surface overgrown by stiff fine hairs, the direction of growth of the stem is erect, the leaves are yellowish, with a layout opposite each other, a single leaf with a general shape of
an oval leaf, a pointed tip, a rounded base, a serrated edge with pinnate spines. Compound flowers with only tube flowers protected by bracts. The leaves of this plant that have been cleaned and finely ground are efficacious for treating wounds by wrapping them on the injured part (Rahayu et al., 2020). The Pasaman people of West Sumatra also use this plant to treat wounds and fever. To treat fever, used leaf juice which is drunk twice a day. To treat wounds also used leaves that have been finely ground and affixed to the injured part (Rizki, Fernando, et al., 2019). The Hafizabat community of Punjab Pakistan uses this plant to treat wounds, fever, coughs, infertility, jaundice, hair growth, conjunctivitis (inflammation of the lining of the eye), and stomach pain. The plant parts used for medicine are finely ground roots, powdered stems, leaf extracts, finely ground leaves, flower decoction, and all parts of the plant that are finely ground, while for use it is done by sticking, drinking, and dripping (Umair, Altaf, & Abbasi, 2017)
Bidens pilosa L.
Biden pilosa is an easy herb to grow and widespread throughout the world. This plant is used traditionally as a herb and as a medicinal ingredient. The often used parts are shoots, fresh leaves, and dried leaves. B. pilosa, either the whole plant or other parts of the plant, has been beneficial for treating more than 40 disorders such as inflammation, immunological disorders, digestive disorders, infections, cancer, metabolic syndrome, wounds, and many others. (Bartolome et al., 2013). The Baduga Indians drink a decoction of the leaves of this plant to treat menstrual problems (Patharaj &
Kannan, 2017)
Bidens tripartita L.
It is a plant with a height of up to 30-100 cm with yellow compound flowers. This plant is used for external medicine as an anti- inflammatory (Shikov et al., 2014). The people of Bosnia and Herzegovina use this drug as a traditional medical therapy to cure high fever, respiratory system disorders, and skin diseases.
This medicine is used by boiling or soaking it in hot water (Wolniak et al., 2007)
Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.
Shrub plants with green stems, single leaves with a generally oval shape, pointed base and tip, pinnate petioles, white-brown fruit with a cylindrical box shape. The leaves are boiled and then drunk to treat chest pain and beriberi, applied to treat boils and headaches. For hemorrhoids, use seven duan sheets and give them to hemorrhoids after defecating, then the leaves are boiled, drunk, and steam bathed (Susiarti et al., 2009). In addition, it is also used as a postnatal drug (Rahayu et al., 2020) Sembung plant also has potential as an anticancer, hepatoprotection, anti tyrosine, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antiatherogenic, wound healing, antioxidant, anti-bleeding, antiarthritis, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiplasmodial, and several other potentials (Rahardjo, 2016). For the treatment of fever, old leaves are used, added with water and squeezed and drunk, while for treating colds, one young leaf is used, which is rolled up and placed in the nostrils and inhaled the aroma (Rizki, Fernando, et al., 2019)
Centratherum punctatum Cass.
The juice of this plant is placed in the nostrils to treat high blood pressure and headaches. This plant extract is added with black cumin, and honey can be used as a cough and asthma treatment (Singgh et al., 2017)
Clibadium surinamense L.
This plant is a plant on land that farmers have abandoned after cultivating. It can also be found on roadsides. This plant is also known as part of the pioneer plant. Tofu Lumbis village community as a minor wound medicine (Royyani & Efendy, 2015).
Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC.
The mistflower is a genus of four herbaceous perennial flowering plants native to North America. They are 0.5 to 2 meters (1.6 to 6.6 ft) tall and have blue to purple or purple (sometimes white) flowers. This plant is often called Siamih (A. conyzoides) because of the similarity of its flower shape. The Baduga Indians use the leaves of this plant as a blood purifier (Patharaj & Kannan, 2017)
Cosmos sulphureus Cav.
Shrub with a height of up to 100 cm, compound flowers with ribbon flowers, and tube flowers
with orange, yellow, and other colors with a 3- toothed crown. Flowers are located at the end of the stem. Fruit is a slender, hard fruit that is elongated and blackish. (Syah et al., 2014). This plant is used as a medicine for pain in bones and joints. The processing method takes as many as seven leaves and dries them in the air using a flame after the leaves wither. When warm, they are affixed to the sick part. (Rizki, Fernando, et al., 2019)
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.
It is an annual herbaceous plant with a height of one meter. All plant parts have a distinctive aroma, and compound flower heads arranged flat panicles, terminals, green stalks, red-brown tips, tube flowers. Has a rare pappus with a split pistil. The community uses the young leaves and shoots of this plant as a medicine for stomachaches and headaches (Syah et al., 2014)
Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob.
Eastern Himalayas have used this plant for fever, asthma, and bronchitis. The parts used are all parts of the plant (Moktan & Rai, 2019)
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.
Yi tribe people in Sichuan, China, use this plant to remedy diarrhea, coughs, and pneumonia. To make the drug, they use all the organs of this plant. They use this drug by brewing it and placing it on the affected part (Wang et al., 2020)
Elephantopus mollis Kunth.
Also known as mustard greens can treat stomach pain, lack of blood, vaginal discharge (Irwan Lovadi, Almida Sari, Riza Linda, 2015)
Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Sch.Bip Synonyms of Wedelia eclipta Reich. With herb habitus with a height of not more than 50cm. It has a compound flower in the form of a hump with a hairy flower stalk, has a tube flower with a yellow crown (Syah et al., 2014). In Indonesia, this plant is known as babadotan, used to stop bleeding in minor injuries. The leaves are washed and then ground and affixed to the injured area (Rizki, Nursyahra, et al., 2019).
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex DC
Used as a urine laxative, the leaves of this plant are washed as much as 30 grams and boiled with 2 cups of water for 15 minutes. The boiled water is drunk two times a day with half a cup each. The leaves of this plant contain saponins, flavonoids, and polyphenols (Rahayu et al., 2020).
Erechtites valerianifolia (Link ex Wolf) Less.
ex DC.
The leaves of this plant are used by the Pekurehua community in Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi, which uses the leaves of this plant to treat minor injuries (Susiarti et al., 2009), while the Baduy Dalam tribe, Banten use this leaf as fresh vegetables. The chemical content contained in the leaves of sintrong are flavonoids, polyphenols, and saponins. Some of these ingredients can act as antioxidants that are useful for neutralizing free radicals and minimizing the effects of damage on cells and body tissues (Sansena, M. A., Oktorida, R., &
Wahyuni, 2019)
Erigeron sumatrensis Retz.
The habitus of this species is a shrub with a height of up to three meters, compound flowers in the form of a hump with a swollen bottom with fine white hairs, the flowers are terminal and axillary. The petals of the corolla are light yellow, and some are purplish. The ribbon flower has a light yellow crown. The anthers stick out brown. The leaves of this plant can be used as headache medicine, while the roots can be used to treat aches and pains (Syah et al., 2014)
Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.)
The Khampramong Thai community uses this plant for cancer therapy. This plant is given to patients in the form of a decoction or extract that has been dried (Poonthananiwatkul et al., 2015)
Eupatorium odoratum L
It is a herbaceous plant with tap roots, has a round stem and is purplish in color, single leaf, an opposite, lanceolate serrated edge, young leaves are purplish green. The leaves of this plant are used to stop bleeding and diabetes.
Processing is done by squeezing, then affixed to the wound. In addition, it can also be used as a cough medicine by brewing and then drinking
(Tambaru, 2017). The leaves of this plant contain alkaloids, triterpenoids, tannins, and steroids. Traditionally this plant is also used as a remedy for Rheumatism and gout. (Fauziana
& Susandarini, 2019).
Eupatorium serotinum Michx
This plant belongs to the shrub, which has single leaves, and some have deep leaf nicks so that they are like compound leaves, located opposite each other. The flowers are hump- shaped with small tube flowers so that it looks like a radially symmetrical flower cupped by a ring of green bracts. It has a ribbon flower on the edge of the cup that resembles a petal (Wildflower.org). This plant is thought to have originated from North America and spread widely to Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas to the territory of Indonesia. The Houma community in Louisiana uses the flower of this plant to treat typhoid fever. Extracts from this plant produce the sesquiterpenoid germacranolide (Lawson et al., 2020).
Melampodium divaricatum L.
The leaves and roots of this plant are used to treat malaria, while the whole plant is used to treat colds (Giron et al., 1991). The Pasaman community uses this plant as a wound medicine to stop bleeding. Making medicine is done by pounding the leaves until smooth, then affixed to the injured part (Rizki, Fernando, et al., 2019). This plant is also used for fever medicine. The processing is done by mixing the flowers of this plant with starfruit leaves (Avverhoa blimbi L.) then kneading until the starch comes out, drained, and then drunk (Sari, 2019)
Mikania micrantha Kunth
It is used as a medicine for dysentery by drinking the juice from the leaves of this plant, while for the treatment of flu, the leaves are mixed with the leaves of the Vitex peduncularis plant. (Lalfakzuala et al., 2007). The leaves are also used for the treatment of diarrhea and dengue hemorrhagic fever, coughs, and fevers, as well as insect bites, scabies, and minor injuries (Bradacs et al., 2011)
Praxelis clematidea (Griseb.) R.M.King &
H.Rob
This plant with erect stems, up to 1 m high, has fine hairs with a length of 0.1-0.25 cm, has a stem diameter of 0.1-0.9 cm. The general shape of the leaves is heart-shaped and with serrated leaf edges. Leaves 2.5–6 cm long and 1-4 cm wide, wavy leaf surface. Compound interest, usually alternating on the central axis, 0.5-3 cm, is terminal. Previously, this plant was identified as Ageratum conyzoides because it had similarities, but if you look further, there are differences between the two species. Extracts from this plant can suppress the growth of Candida albicans which is the fungus that causes thrush (Filho et al., 2016)
Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn
The height of this plant can reach one meter. S.
nodiflora compound flowers in the form of a cup with bright yellow ribbon flowers forming a circle on the edge of the cup, the tip of the crown split in two. This plantHas tube flowers with several 5-8 flowers with faded yellow color. Place the terminal flower. The leaves of this plant can be used as a medicine for ulcers and wounds due to bites from venomous animals such as snakes and scorpions (Syah et al., 2014)
Tagetes erecta L.
It is an annual plant, has a compound flower cup with tube flowers and ribbon flowers- overlapping yellow crowns. Ribbon flowers are located on the edge of the cup by forming a circle, while tube flowers are located in the middle with a large number. Generally, this plant is used as an ornamental plant (Syah et al., 2014) and refugia plants. Still, traditionally this plant can also be used to treat breast cancer.
The processing is done by boiling the twigs of this plant and then drinking the boiled water while it is warm (Sari, 2019)
Tridax procumbens (L.) L.
It is a seasonal plant with a height of not more than 60 cm. It has a hump-shaped flower. On the edge of the cup, there is a ribbon flower with a total of 6-8 white flowers with the ends split in three. There are many tube flowers in the middle of the cup. Flowers are located at the end of the stem (terminal). Traditionally, the leaves of this plant are used by the community as an anti-pain and swelling medicine in rheumatism sufferers (Syah et al., 2014)
Zinnia elegans L.
Generally, this plant is used as an ornamental plant, but traditionally the leaves of this plant can be used to treat gonorrhea (Syah et al., 2014). This plant, also known as the paper flower, can also be used as a medicinal plant, namely dysentery. The processing is done by drinking boiled water from the flowers of this plant (Sari, 2019).
CONCLUSION
Based on the research conducted, it was found that 28 species in the Asteraceae/
Compositae family in Harau, Lima Puluh Kota District, with habitus terna, sufrutex, frutex, and liana. The plants of this group each consist of only one genus, except for Eupatorium, which contains three species, and Bidens, which consists of two species.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are very grateful to the head of the research institute and the Director of the Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic, who have funded this research through DIPA funds. The Harau community has made it easy to access the research location. Thanks also go to Yolanda Sari, and Nari Mardiani,who has assisted in collecting research samples and making research preserves. Furthermore, we would like to thankreviewers for their constructive comments onthis script.
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