Authorship Scientific Cited paper Journal Paper Writing Monitoring Ethics P J I

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NTERNASIONAL Tips (no trick in science)

Cited paper

Journal

Paper Writing

Monitoring

Ethics

Ethics (or Ended)

Authorship Scientific

Contribute research No fabrication Contribute writing No falsification Responsible in publishing No plagiarism

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Quiz: http://www.ethics.elsevier.com/quiz.asp

1. You are preparing a paper that involves a complex concept but you're having difficulty putting into words precisely how this concept works. You see an excellent explanation in another published paper. Is it okay to use this explanation word for word in your paper without referring to the other paper?

Yes No

No. Your answer is correct. It is not acceptable

If you use another source to explain a concept, you should reference where that explanation came from and also make clear that you are quoting someone else. Using someone else's work as your own, is plagiarism.

2. Let's say you don't copy someone's original work word for word - instead you paraphrase it. Is it acceptable to use someone else's concept, idea, or description of an idea - but in your own words?

Yes No

Yes and No: The correct answer is Yes and No!

Paraphrasing is acceptable but is only permitted if you credit the other's work. Without such credit paraphrasing can constitute a form of plagiarism

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3. You plagiarized someone's work and you're caught, what's the likely consequence? Select ALL that apply.

The article is retracted with public documentation explaining why

The institute funding your research takes disciplinary action-- and could ask you to leave

Your judgment and reputation come into question

All of the above - the severity will depend on the specific circumstances. If you're not clear on the boundaries of publishing ethics, seek the counsel of your principal investigator, editor, or someone in charge of research integrity at your institution.

4. You and a team of students are working together on a research paper but you are doing most of heavy lifting. In fact, except for some research contributions of the team, it's really your paper. Can you take credit as the sole author?

Yes No

No. Your answer is correct.

When you work with others to write a paper, you should make sure to credit each individual involved, indicating his or her contribution. If the paper is truly a collaborative effort, all authors should be credited.

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5. You have completed a paper and want to give it your best shot at publication. What's your best strategy:

Submit your paper to several journals at the same time, such as Science, Nature, and Cell, and see who accepts it - maybe all three!

Submit it to Science, Nature, and Cell all at the same time, but once you find out one of the journals has accepted the paper, withdraw all other submissions.

Submit your paper to one journal - Science, Nature, or Cell, and wait to hear if it is accepted. If it isn't, then submit it to another journal.

The third one. That's right. Your answer is correct.

Authors should only submit to one journal at a time and wait to hear a decision from the editor before submitting to another journal. Submitting a paper to multiple journals simultaneously presents potential ethical issues because several journals may unknowingly publish the same article-- risking duplication. Multiple submissions also waste referees' time. Finally, if your paper is rejected and you submit it to another journal, you should take referees' and editors' advice for improvement seriously, and implement these changes into the new submitted paper.

6. Let's say Cell accepts your paper. Is it okay to submit a version of that paper in a language other than English to a journal in a different country. Does that count as a duplicate submission?

Yes No

Yes. Your answer is correct.

If both journals are aimed at the same community of researchers and users, it should be considered duplicate publication. However, there are instances where an article might be published in local language in a local publication, which might be considered for re-publication in an international journal. This would only happen with an agreement between the two journals, and if the editor-in- chief believes the article is significant and will reach a new or different community of readers. In such cases a notice about the prior local publication would be issued.

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7. You have worked long and hard on a research project. You feel your research is applicable to a variety of disciplines and you can envision the paper appealing to a range of audiences. Is it ok to 'slice up' the core data to create several unique papers, based on your core research, that can be submitted to a variety of journals in different fields?

Yes No

No. Your answer is correct, it's not ok.

While it sounds like a good way to maximize your research and potential for getting it published, slicing up research into several papers for different publications is considered a manipulation of the research and publishing process. This should be avoided at all costs.

8. You are working on a study and the results are not coming out the way you want them to. You just cannot confirm the hypothesis no matter how many times you rerun the tests.

You're the one conducting the research and the only one managing the data analysis. You want to successfully resolve this.

What are your options?

You make very minor modifications to the data and slightly alter the images to keep it consistent. The likelihood of anyone challenging the results are slim

You leave out the problematic data and only use findings that support your hypothesis

You consult with your supervisor and/or lab team to troubleshoot, even if it means going back to the drawing board.

There are no short cuts in science

The third one. That's right. Your answer is correct.

There are no short cuts. Even if no one suspects an omission or manipulation of data now, it can come back to haunt you. A published paper is a permanent record of your work. And, if you are caught, it can cost your reputation.

More important, falsifying results can have repercussions, especially for studies involving therapies that will ultimately be used to treat patients. Unproven or false data can be harmful to patients, and can have far reaching consequences, especially in situations where researchers try to replicate or build on the data.

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9. What situation might be considered a conflict of interest? A researcher who (please check all that apply).:

Owns stock of the pharmaceutical company commissioning the research work

Is also a consultant to the company commissioning the research work

All of the above - That's right.

All of the above are potential conflicts of interest. But just because a potential conflict of interest exists does not automatically imply wrong-doing. Authors should disclose potential conflicts to the journal editor when they submit their cover letter with their manuscript to avoid potential conflicts becoming an issue.

10. You are a university researcher conducting research on the effects of a new shingles vaccine. Your father works at a pharmaceutical company - in fact at one of the leading vaccine manufacturers. Is this okay?

Yes No

Yes. Your answer is correct.

It's ok as long as you declare the potential conflict of interest to your institute's ethics group and also to any journal you submit a resulting paper to.

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11. You are a researcher wanting to publish a study undertaken in human beings. Do you need to provide detail about which organization gave ethical approval and how consent was obtained?

Yes No

Yes. Your answer is correct.

It is unethical to undertake a study without evidence of ethical approval and informed consent, and journals will reject your manuscript. As regulations vary worldwide about what type study requires ethical approval, this needs to be specified clearly in your submission letter with supporting documentation. Also undertaking a study without ethical approval can lead to sanctions by institutions and professional bodies. _Main

Journal

• Indexed journals

• Thomson journals:

• http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/

• Scopus journals:

• http://scimagojr.com/journalrank.php

• Other indexing journals:

• http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=browse&uiLanguage=en

• http://cassi.cas.org/search.jsp

• http://ebscohost.com …etc

• Open access journals

• Multidisciplinary journals

• Scopus statistics: more citations than specialty journals

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Journal Impact Factors: What Are They & How Can They Be Used? (Pamela Sherwill, MLS, AHIP;

College of Nursing, University of Florida; April 27, 2004)

History Of Impact Factors



Created in the 60s to select journals for Science Citation Index



Developed to compare journals regardless of their size



Journal Impact Factors (IF) = Article IF



Size & breadth of a scientific field determines

“super-cited” papers



Delays in reviewing and publication affects IF

Paper/Author Impact Factor

(SM)

Calculating Impact Factors

# of citations in the current year for a journal

# items published in the journal for the last 2 years

JIF begins to appear in Vol. 3,

thus Vol. 1 & 2 are important

(SM)

JIF appears in JCR (THOMSON-Web of

Science)

~

SJR appears in Scopus

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Key Determinants

The key determinants are not the number of authors or articles in the field but the citation density and the age of the literature cited. The average number of citations per article and the immediacy of citation are the significant elements. The size of a field will generally increase the number of ‘super-cited’ papers.

---Eugene Garfield

Select recent journals for

references (SM)

The founder of JIF for Thomson (SM)

Select Multidisciplinary

journal (SM)

Citation Density

 Mean # of references cited per article

 Varies by discipline – lower in math than life sciences

 Higher in review articles

Do not prepare a manuscript with a

few references (SM) Do not

underestimate the review paper (SM)

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What Influences IF?



Review articles cited more often



Case reports rarely cited



Rapid publication time >



Self-citations >



Bias towards rapidly evolving fields



Cites not counted after 2 years



Specialty journals have < IF

Do not underestimate the review paper (SM) Select a journal published

quickly/monthly (SM) Do it (SM)

Select a multidisciplinary journal (SM)

Broader coverage means more citations

Number of citations to most cited articles in WoS and Scopus

Scopus has on average 10% more citations per article

>7,000 citations for these examples

In Thousands Nearest peer Scopus

Choose multidisciplinary journal instead of specialty journal (SM)

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Impact Factors



Scientific journals score > than clinical ones



US journals score > than European



Review articles score > than original articles



Methodological papers may score > than those with new data



Free electronic access > the IF of a journal

Publish it before empirical paper (SM) Methodological paper (SM)

Select an open access

journal (SM)

How Are IFs Used?



Judge a publication’s quality or prestige



Assess academic productivity



Authors choosing where to publish



Evaluate an author or journal editor



Decisions for tenure & promotion



By libraries to make collection decisions

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Self-Citations



Encouraged by some editors/journals



Not subtracted when IF is calculated



Authors accumulate many self-citations



ISI claims it has little effect on the relative rank of highly ranked journals



Journals with IF < .5 have high self- citation rates

≠ Self-Plagiarism Do it (SM)

Impact Factor Limitations

 Reflect the journal rather than the article

 Vary with time in numbers & ranking

 Changes in clinical interest affects IF

 Not related to the peer review process

 Can be manipulated by authors or editors

 2-year period is arbitrary - not empirically based

 Journal availability affects the ranking

 Author citation errors Write down the references correctly (SM)

Score 30% in article evaluation

method by Institution (SM)

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Limitations (continued)

 Authors produce smaller numbers of articles

 IF can vary from journal issue to issue

 IF vary from year to year

 Lack of empiric studies on IF as measure of quality

Contra productive

Or Keep publish frequently (SM)

Main

Paper

• Review paper first

• Thomson statistics: more citations than research paper

• Essential content (novelty):

• Identify the gap of knowledge

• Propose a new theory, hypothesis

• Publish it when you prepare a research proposal

• Research/empirical paper

• Essential content (novelty):

• Fill the gap of knowledge

• Implications, etc

• Publish it when you complete a research work PUBLISH 2 PAPERS IN 1 RESEARCH PROJECT

Main

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Attention in Writing

•

Novelty:

• Title (do not duplicate words/phrases in the abstract & keywords: for Optimum Search by Google)

• Abstract (max 350 words: for Optimum Search by Google)

• Introduction!

•

Indexing:

• Keywords (max 7 words/phrases for Optimum Search by Google)

Google SEO: keywords = 2-7% abstract

Attention of using:

•Sentences

•Data and units of measure

(do not use abbreviations except with data and temperature)

•Quotation

(ok but limit it)

•Table of others

(copyright permission)

•Figure of others

(copyright permission)

Ref:

Biology, Bates College, USA, 2008 MedSci, China, 2012

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10

11 Writing

sequence as printed

Introduction:

State of the art +

Research

(question)

formulation + Research objective

Materials and Methods:

how to (collect, organize, analyze) data

Results and Discussion:

what we found + what it means

References: cited in the text

(≠Bibliography)

NOVEL ... contoh

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References:

1. The list = present in the text 2. Selection (not collection)

•Indexed journals (Indexing Services: CABI, CAS, DOAJ, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Scopus, Thomson, etc)

•ISSN

•Peer-reviewed

•Metric (Google Scholar, Harzing, Scopus, Thomson)

•Relevant to topic

•Balanced findings

•Up to date

•Primary sources

3. Writing style → Instruction to authors (Journal)

Introduction:

•State of the art

•To find out any gaps of KAP (knowledge, attitude, practice): sources, processes, products, etc

•Research formulation

•To fill the gap of KAP (novelty): new creation, innovation, new paradigm, etc

•Research objective

•To achieve problem solving

(Additional outcomes are acceptable)

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Introduction:

•Source of writing

Materials and Methods:

How to do (proof, achieve) research formulation and objective

•Collect

•Organize

•Analyze

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Results and Discussion:

Scientifically treated findings

•Confirmation to other relevant findings

•Add new information (must be stated)

Conclusion (if asked by journal): the most important results, which determine the research objective.

Source of writing:

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Title: (what, who, where, when)

+ (method, result, conclusion, specific name, etc)

Abstract: objective, methods, results Keywords: syllabi

Conclusion (if asked by journal): the most important results, which determine the research objective.

Abstract and keywords

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Authors: Complete + Corresponding author

Affiliations:

• Complete (“Standard” Institutional name, Postal address, Phone & Fax, Author’s E-mails)

• Consistent to other papers of the same author

Acknowledgement: outside the authors, technical and financial supports

Main

Monitoring

Suggestion to monitor author impact

• Institutional email account

• Gmail account

• Google Scholar account: http://scholar.google.com/

Klik Klik

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Sample for starting sign up your account

http://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=FaTCvKUAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&pagesize=100

Klik

Sample for Author preview of Scopus

http://www.scopus.com/search/form/authorFreeLookup.url

Klik

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Sample for Author preview of Scopus

http://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=24067664800

Citations

Suggestion to get authors and journals impact

•

Harzing software

http://www.harzing.com/pop_win.htm

-THANK YOU-

Main