Moreover, in the fourth subsection, the author will discuss the social implications of the conditional recognition of adat law for adat law societies in economic development. Paragraph two deals with the recognition and protection of the adat law society's rights to land in the Agricultural Ministerial Regulation. In the context of the protection of the adat law society, this section discusses two regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture (Permenag), namely the Minister of Agriculture.
Although their way of life is already regulated by state law, adat law still exists in certain aspects in relations between members of society. In the conditions of a pluralistic society, how can the state regulate the use and use of land in Indonesia. 19 State authority is also limited by existing lands with a hakulayat of adat law society.
In the perspective of pluralism, the state recognizes the hak ulayat as the right to natural resources (land) of the adat legal society. If we take a deep look at Article 18B(2), relating to the recognition of the existence of the adat legal association, it has less meaning. Based on Article 3 of the UUPA, the state shows a dualistic attitude in providing the position of adat law in the legal system of the state.
Social Impact from Conditional Recognition of Adat Law for Adat Law Society in Economic Development
ADAT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM IN THE DRAFT LAW ON THE RECOGNITION AND THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF ADAT LAW SOCIETY
Legal Analysis on Land Dispute Settlement based on RUUPPHMA
Supreme Court judges, when deciding cases related to the adat legal organization, must take into account the adat law and traditions prevailing in the adat legal organization. For tiered Adat courts, the applicability of the adat law, which is limited to a regional scope where the adat legal society exists, must be questioned. This means that if the law contradicts the healthy sense of justice, the judge can set aside the adat law.
41 In terms of the meaning of the Adat Court based on Article 75 of the RRR, it is a State Court (landraad) for natives that hear cases based on adat law. This means that this type of court only examines the dispute between members of the adat society that are not subject to European law, so the evidence mechanism is not subject to the provisions of the HIR. In the light of the above discussion, it can be concluded that Adat Court 'can' be formed from Adat institutions.
To address these possibilities, it appears that the legislators seek to confirm the relationship between the Adat Courts with the Supreme Court in the context of the operation of Adat Courts in Indonesia. If it is connected with the adat law, it can be called an Adat court.43 The said court can be led by members of the society, family head, head of adat community or head of the town. 45 Currently, there are areas that have revived Adat court, as in the sense of adat court through deliberation, but are still limited to disputes between members of adat law association or among adat law association.
If the above concept is intended by RUU PPMHA, it would be appropriate if a dispute is only internal dispute or dispute between adat law society. However, if one of the parties does not use the law of adat, but other legal systems that differ from the law of adat, i.e. the provisions of Article 49 of the RUU PPHMHA, which compels judges to respect the law and customs of adat, implies the existence of partiality. of judges in a legal system.
While adat society only has sociological evidence (de facto), it has external evidence based on state legislation (de jure). In addition, the enforcement of the decision in Article 50 stipulated that the decision of the Adat Courts referred to in Article 45(4), Article 46(3) and Article 47(2) shall be implemented by the Adat Law Society and/or the District Court.
Recognition and Protection of the Rights of Adat Law Society to Land in the Agrarian Ministerial Regulation
- Agrarian Minister/Head of National Land Agency Regulation No. 5 of 1999 regarding Dispute Resolution Guidelines for Communal Land Rights of Adat
- Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Head of National Land Agency Regulation No. 9 of 2015 on Procedures for Establishing Communal Land
- ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT OF COMMUNAL LAND RIGHTS OF ADAT LAW SOCIETY: WIN-WIN SOLUTION FOR BOTH PARTIES (INVESTOR
- CONCLUSION A. Conclusion
Recognition and protection of the Adat Law Society's rights to land in the agricultural ministerial regulation. In addition, the adat law society, which has a certificate of hak ulayat land, will be granted ownership rights by the state under Article 2, paragraph (2). Even if the rights are extended, the aforementioned HGU will be based on the new agreement between the adat law association and the HGU holder.
However, looking from the perspective of the society of customary law, this provision can be perceived as a means to extinguish the ulayat of haq itself. Permenag simply assumes that the main cause of conflict between the adat law society and the ousiders (investor) comes only from the existence of hak ulayat from the adat law society. 9 of 2015 on the Procedures for the Creation of Municipal Land Rights of Adat Legal Society and Communities in Certain Regions.
In this regulation, it is stated that the adat law association or communities in certain specific areas can apply for land rights. For that purpose, it is required to have prior recognition from the respective adat legal association and from communities outside the adat legal association itself. With the Common Land Certificate, the adat legal association can cooperate with third parties in accordance with the provisions of the legislation and the agreement between the parties.
Unfortunately, the last Permenag causes potential conflict between the adat law associations and communities that exist in certain areas. However, if we investigate further, through the issuance of the Local Government Regulation as stipulated in the Permenag, it is expected that the adat law association and communities in certain regions can be directly involved in the economic development of the region. ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION OF COMMON LAND RIGHTS FROM ADAT LAW ASSOCIATION: WIN-WIN SOLUTION FOR BOTH PARTIES (INVESTOR ADAT LAW ASSOCIATION: WIN-WIN SOLUTION FOR BOTH PARTIES (INVESTOR AND ADAT LAW ASSOCIATION).
The emergence of the dispute resolution mechanism between the adat legal body with third parties (investors) through Adat Courts, as reintroduced by the RUU PPMHMA, raises a new issue: the legal recognition of Adat Courts in the judiciary of Indonesia . Such Adat courts have existed in the adat legal community for a long time and are known as the term 'adat hearing'. Adat courts for the adat law association can act as a reinforcement of adat law to ensure that law and local wisdom can be upheld.
So far, the government has not had any regulations on dispute resolution between the adat legal body and the investors regarding the use and ownership of natural resources (land).
Suggestions
The currently valid regulations are in the form of guidelines for solving legal society issues in the perspective of preventing conflicts with external entities or investors with recognition from the state, issued by the Minister of Agrarian Affairs in two decrees: Decree of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs no. The emergence of a new thought on Adat Courts in the RUU PPMHA is a new hope for the Adat Law Society, who have perceived that the state's policy on natural resources often creates problems for their lives, which still depend on access to natural resources that have been under under the control of investors. National Law Development Agency (BPHN), “Peluang Peradilan Adat Dalam Menyelesaikan Sengketa Antara Masyarakat Hukum Adat Dengan Pihak Luar [Adat Courts Options in Resolving Disputes Between Adat Law Society and External Parties],” Final Research Report, National Research Center of the legal system and development, November 2013.
Hukum Adat dalam Peraturan Perundang-undangan.” Makalah disampaikan pada Seminar Revitalisasi dan Penafsiran Kembali Nilai-Nilai Hukum Tidak Tertulis dalam Pembentukan dan Penemuan Hukum], Jakarta, 28 dan 29 September 2005. Penguasaan Tanah Masyarakat Hukum Adat (Studi Tentang Masyarakat Hukum Adat Ternate)." Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 11, no. 1 (Januari. Masyarakat Adat dalam Kontestasi Reformasi Hukum)." Makalah disampaikan pada Seminar Pemberdayaan Sosial Masyarakat Adat: Upaya Peningkatan Efektivitas Pemberdayaan KAT dalam Pembangunan Saat Ini dan Masa Depan [Pemberdayaan Sosial Masyarakat Adat: Meningkatkan Efektivitas KAT dalam Pembangunan Saat Ini dan Masa Depan] yang diselenggarakan oleh Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Nasional, Jakarta, 15 Mei 2013.
Kebijakan Negara tentang Pengambilan Keputusan Hak Atas Tanah.” Makalah disampaikan pada Lokakarya Perwujudan Hak Atas Tanah dan Perumahan di Daerah Tertinggal, Jakarta, 15 Januari 2014. Pluralisme Hukum sebagai Konsep dan Pendekatan Teoritis dalam Perspektif Global Konsep dan Pendekatan Teoritis dalam Pembangunan Perspektif Global] .” Makalah disajikan dalam “Mengklarifikasi Rantai Konflik Agraria yang Kronis, Sistematis, dan Meluas di Indonesia.” Jurnal Bhumi 37, (April
Safitri, Myrna A. “Jalan Ketiga Menuju Keadilan: Berbagai Upaya Memperluas Akses Terhadap Keadilan dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dalam Reformasi Hukum di Indonesia [Jalan Ketiga Menuju Keadilan: Upaya Memperluas Akses Terhadap Keadilan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dalam Reformasi Hukum di Indonesia]. " Makalah disampaikan pada lokakarya nasional Membangun Kebijakan Hukum Sumber Daya Alam Berbasis Rechtsidee Indonesia, Semarang, Universitas Diponegoro, 15 April 2015. Penyelesaian Sengketa Tambang: Studi Kasus Sengketa Menengah Masyarakat Samawa dengan PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara [Penyelesaian Sengketa Tambang: A studi kasus perselisihan masyarakat Samawa dengan PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara].” Jurnal Mimbar Hukum 24, no.3 (Oktober. Disintegrasi Sosial dan Disintegrasi Negara.” Makalah disampaikan pada seminar yang diadakan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, 2000.
Modernisasi: Makna dan Konsepnya dalam Pembangunan Indonesia [Modernisasi: Makna dan Konsepnya dalam Pembangunan Indonesia].” dalam Pemikiran Dasar oleh Selo Soemardjan, diedit oleh Desiree Zuraida dan Jufrina Rizal. Pluralisme Budaya di Indonesia (Tinjauan Sosiologis) [Pluralisme Hukum di Indonesia (Tinjauan Sosiologis)].” Sambutan yang disampaikan di Kraton Kesultanan Yogyakarta dalam rangka pelaksanaan penyerahan Rektor Universitas Gadjah Mada atas pemberian honorable mention kepada Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono XI.
