The products of electrophoresis were immersed in the 0.3μL EtBr at 50 Volts for 15 minutes to identify the length of the band. The products of electrophoresis were immersed in the 0.2 μL EtBr at 50 Volts for 15 minutes to identify polymorphism of alleles based on the length of the band.
Distribution of mangrove species reported as rare in Andaman and Nicobar islands with their taxonomical notes
But in the current study, it was observed in 26 locations and a total of 469 individuals were recorded. In the field, the Cynometra species is easily recognized by the off-centered midribs on the leaves (Figures 3.D and 3.G).
Endophytic fungi associated with endogenous Boswellia sacra
Endophytic fungi were continuously isolated from the tissues of most parts of land and aquatic plants (Devarajan et al. The species of the genera Alternaria, Cladosporium, Stemphylium and Pleospora were dominant endophytes of Salicornia europaea in Japan (Sun et al. 2011).
How plant diversity features change across ecological species groups?
A case study of a temperate deciduous forest in northern Iran
Relationship between ecological species group and (A) Shannon diversity index, (B) Simpson diversity index, (C) species richness, (D) evenness index, (E) slope, and (F) aspect in the Ata- Who. Summary statistics (Means ± standard error) and P value from ANOVA of different biodiversity indices and topographic variables in ecological species groups studied in Ata-Kuh forest.
Means (± SE)
Abbreviations: H′ = Shannon-Wiener diversity index, 1-D = Simpson diversity index, Evar = Smith and Wilson evenness index, S = species richness.
Means (± SE)
Means (± SE)
We observed greater species diversity on lower slopes (group III) compared to higher slopes (groups I and II) (Abedi and Pourbabaei 2010). The authors are indebted to Robabeh Shahi Shavvon for her invaluable assistance with the field studies. Investigating the diversity of plant species in the ecological species groups in the Aghozchal forest (Case study, part IV 3 series 46 Kojour Basin).
Plant species diversity in the ecological species groups in the Kandelat Forest Park, Guilan, North of Iran. Species composition and diversity during secondary succession of coniferous forests in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Botanical diversity of Hyrcanian forests; a case study of a transect in the Kheyrud protected lowland montane forests in northern Iran.
Predicting plant species diversity in response to extent of disturbance in a remnant grassland in central Alberta.
A comparative study on plant diversity in alder (Alnus subcordata) stands of natural and plantation areas
Data on plant diversity in alder stands showed that the number of plant species in plantations (37) is smaller than in natural stands (50). The results in Table 5 showed a list of important herbaceous species in natural alder stands. Oplismenus undulatifolius, Poa bulbosa, Carex sp., Viola odorata, Gramineae sp., Urtica dioica, Sumbucus ebulus Table 3.
In natural stands, the minimum number of species was in plot number 59 in Bobolkenar at an altitude of 200 m above sea level. Important species of trees and shrubs in natural alder are found in the northern forest of Iran. The results show that the number of species in the nature reserve (50 species) was greater than the number of plantations (37 species).
The abundance of herbaceous, shrub and tree species in natural alder stands was less than plantations.
Structure and spatial pattern of land uses patches in the Zagros Mountains region in the west of Iran
The structure and spatial pattern of land use patches in the Zagros Mountains region of western Iran. The data were analyzed at two different levels: (i) analysis of class-level metrics to calculate land use changes in similar land-use patches and (ii) analysis of landscape-level metrics to calculate total land-use patches in the entire study area. The land use distribution map shown in Figure 1B, which diversity of land uses and patches is detectable.
The range of variation of the average area in pasture and forest land use areas was greater than the average of other land uses. Statistical characteristic of landscape-level land use patch metrics in the Zagros Mountains region Map at a scale of 1:1000000. Comparable results of land use measurements at the landscape level showed that most patches are composed of small land use patches at the provincial level (Table 4).
As the results revealed, the density of agricultural land use areas was greater than other land uses in this region.
Reaction and fractal description of soil bio-indicator to human disturbance in lowland forests of Iran
While forest degradation is widespread in the lowland forests of northern Iran, there are no data on the impact of these changes on soil properties. Such studies are particularly important given the role of soil characteristics in the management and restoration of cleared forests. Deforestation in temperate zones has long led to the degradation of soil characteristics related to soil fertility.
The components of soil texture are influenced by canopy cover in forest ecosystems (Kooch et al. 2013b). The higher levels of organic carbon in the FS compared to the DS can be attributed to these factors. Furthermore, removal of overgrowth in the DS could have led to increased decomposition of organic matter and faster nitrogen turnover, resulting in more nitrogen leaching from the soil (Khresat et al. 2008).
In this research, the fluctuation and fractal dimension of soil features are studied in FS and DS.
The threats on the biodiversity of Bisotun Wildlife Refuge and Bisotun Protected Area (BPA & BWR) in the west region of Iran
Even if such a figure was correct, the information and reports that were presented later caused controversy about the presence of the species in the study area. This species is the only species of the family Ursidae living in the study area. This species is the largest of the Canidae or dog tribe and is one of the most widespread carnivores in the region.
The observations indicate the overall reduction in the number of this species in the region. The number of chukar partridges observed in BPA & BWR exceeds that of chukar partridges in Varmanjeh game reserve. The usual number of individuals observed of this species in BPA & BWR is much lower than the number of partridges in the region.
Other amphibians in the region include the green toad (Bufo viridis), the tree frog (Hyla savignyi)) and the common toad (Bufo bufo).
Conservation status and distribution pattern of the Indus River Dolphin in River Beas, India
The total freshwater ecosystem contributes only 1.71 percent of the state's area, which includes rivers, lakes, ponds, runoff and reservoirs etc. The linear riparian habitats of the river stretch consisting of flowing water, islands and banks, support a good variety of fauna. As part of the survey, informal interviews were conducted at each meeting with locals to seek information on dolphin sightings in the area.
Field assessments examined the possible existence and conservation viability of the only reported breeding population of the endangered Indus River Dolphin. Peripheral areas of the sanctuary are more vulnerable to disturbances; therefore, such habitats are in urgent need of conservation. A future for Asian river dolphins: Report of a seminar on river dolphin conservation in the Indian subcontinent, New Delhi, India.
I: Reeves RR, Smith BD, Kasuya T (red) Biology and Conservation of Freshwater Cetaceans in Asia, Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission, No.
Birds of Lansdowne forest division and adjacent suburban landscapes, Garhwal Himalayas, Uttarakhand, India: Community structure and
Diversity and use of ethnomedicinal plants in coastal Karnataka, India
Herbarium materials of plants were also collected with the help of local guides, to verify the identity of the plants used. The indigenous communities of the study area were found to use up to 342 plant species in their traditional ethnographic practices. Most plants are used against certain diseases, alone or in combination with other plants.
The most popular medicinal plants, in terms of the number of diseases they are used against, are Cyclea peltata, Aristolochia indica (19 diseases each), Cuminum cyminum (17), Curcuma longa (13), Tamarindus indica (13), Asparagus racemosus ( 12), Ficus racemosa (12), Hemidesmus indicus (12), Ficus religiosa (11), Calotropis gigantea (11), Vitex negundo (11), Aegle marmelos (10). Comparison of the medicinal uses recorded in the present study with major works on Indian traditional and ethnomedicinal plants (Jain 1991; Husain et al. 1992; Warrier et al Yoganarasimhan 1996). The analysis of the registered medicinal plants based on growth habits is shown in Figure 3.
Diversity and conservation of medicinal plants in the Bomaa community of the Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana.
Plants utilization by the communities of Bharsar and adjoining area of Pauri Garhwal District, Uttarakhand, India
Generally, the climate of the Bharsar represents the mild summer, higher precipitation and colder or severe cold prolonged winter. Gaur (1999) and Naithani various plant species were collected through personal interviews with the local residents. The majority of its forests are in the Himalayan region, which although covers only 18% of the geographical area of the country, but.
The Himalayas, one of the richest hotspots of biodiversity in the world, offer enormous opportunities in various areas of biological domains and associated patterns of sustainable life support systems. The genetic resource studies reveal that the people of Bharsar region developed the mechanism for the use of different resources based on their availability. Some of the major plant species used by the people of the district for their various needs have been classified under different categories.
Pholiota microspora is at first glance very similar to the currently described taxon, but differs in having an umber-brown pile that is sticky, smooth, larger and without scales; stem is longer, sturdy, covered with mucus and without scales; cheilocystidia (36-43x10-11 µm) are present in the adnate-decurrent lamellae; spores are thick-walled, elliptical-oval, 4-6x2.5-3μm; the taste and smell pleasant, edible (Neda 2008).
Short Communication: A new record of Giganthias immaculatus Katayama, 1954 (Perciformes: Serranidae) from Indonesia
Review of the Indo-Pacific fishes of the genus Odontanthias (Serranidae: Anthiinae), with descriptions of two new species and a related genus. Names of subspecies to phylum should be written in italics, except for italicized sentences. Scientific name (genera, species, author) and cultivar or strain should be mentioned in full the first time they are mentioned, especially for taxonomic manuscripts.
The original research manuscript should be written in a maximum of 25 pages (including tables and figures), each page containing 700-800 words or in proportion to the article in this issue of the publication. The title of the article should be written in a concise, clear and informative sentence, preferably no longer than 20 words. The results and discussion should be written as a series of connected sentences, and a manuscript with a long discussion should be divided into subheadings.
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