Wang et al. 1993) reported toxicosis in humans caused by moldy rice contaminated with Fusarium and T-2 toxin. The RAPD technique has long been used for phylogenetic studies (Niessen 2007; Gupta et al. 2009).
Observations on arbuscular mycorrhiza associated with important edible tuberous plants grown in wet evergreen forest in Assam, India
Soil samples of the roots and rhizosphere were collected from 14 wild edible tuber plants belonging to five families. Koch, Alocasia cucullata Schott., Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott., Sagittaria sagittifolia L., Amorphophallus campanulatus Roxb., Dioscorea pentaphylla L., Dioscorea puber (Bl.), Dioscorea alata L., Dioscorea esculenta Burk., Dioscorea batatas Decene (Figure 2), belonging to four families Fabaceae, Araceae, Araceae and Dioscoreaceae respectively) and studied.
CHINA
Isolation, counting and identification of AMF spores. A total of 150 soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of 14 tuber plant species from a depth of 5-30 cm during mid-May, late July and early September. Study sites in Sunaikuchi, Khulahat and Bura Mayong (❤) Reserved Forests in Morigaon District of Assam, India.
BUTAN
The area receives approximately 1530.9 mm of annual precipitation and the annual average maximum temperature is 30.4°C and the minimum temperature is 19.8°C.
MYANMAR BANGLADESH
Responses of barley, pea and maize to inoculation with different vesicular mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi in irradiated soils. Modified wet sieving and decantation technique for enhanced spore recovery of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) in forest soils.
Diversity and frequency of macrofungi associated with wet ever green tropical forest in Assam, India
Wild edible mushrooms are valued not only for texture and taste, but also for their chemical and nutritional properties (Manzi et al. Mushrooms are also reported as therapeutic foods, useful in preventing diseases such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and cancer (Bobek and Galbavy 1999; Bobek 1999; Bobek) et al., 1991. Studies have also shown antitumor, antiviral, antithrombotic and immunomodulatory effects of mushrooms (Mau et al. 2002).
The taxonomy was worked out on the basis of macro and microscopic characteristics following available literature (Zoberi 1973; Alexopoulos et al. 1996; Purakasthya 1985). Some of the edible species such as Termitomyces eurrhizus, Lentinus conatus, Schizophyllum commune, Tricholoma giganteum and Pleurotus are sold in the markets of Kohima district of Nagaland by the local people (Tanti et al. 2011). In addition to this Kumar et al. 2013) described 15 edible fungi along with their macronutrient content collected from different forest areas of Nagaland.
2008) Phellinus gilvus Anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, antihepatotoxicity Kim et al. 2011) Marasmius androsaceus Tendon relaxation, pain relief and antihypertension Zhang et al. Mushrooms in Northeast India sold in traditional markets or commercially exploited for food or medicine (Tanti et al al. 2011).
Fungal diversity associated with bamboo litter from Bambusetum of Rain Forest Research Institute, Northeast India
Grade 2 Grade 2
It was observed that 70-85% of the total population was shared by Ascomycota, 1-10% by Zygomycota and others by the macrofungi. The genus Fusarium was quite frequent in rainy and winter months, comprising about 5% of the population. Ring of the same color, smooth on the inside, like the lower part of the stem on the outside.
The gills are attached to the trunk; almost far; white at first, turning pink with maturity. The sporocarp is up to 3-7 cm high, club-shaped, upper part 0.1-0.3 mm wide the length of the fruit body, flat and dark brown to black. It is clear that in different degrees of litter shifts in activity of the different species of the mikota have occurred.
The phylloplane serves as an establishment area for propagules of numerous fungi, several of which are components of the aerial spore. Commercial harvests of edible mushrooms from the forests of the Pacific Northwest United States: Issues, management, and monitoring for sustainability.
The influence of gap size on plant species diversity and composition in beech (Fagus orientalis) forests, Ramsar, Mazandaran Province, North
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 8 trees, 5 shrubs and 30 herb species were identified in the studied area. Shrub species diversity values were significantly different between different gaps (P<0.05) and had maximum amounts in medium gaps (these values were not calculated in small gaps because no shrubs were observed) (Table 4). The maximum value of uniformity was obtained in tree seedlings and shrub layers, and the minimum was found in the herbaceous layer in the middle gaps.
Species composition changes with increasing gap size (Coates 2002) and is often from successful early stage pioneers to later climax species. Structure of virgin stands of Fagus orientalis in the high forests of northern Iran. 2012. Variation of leaf morphological traits in natural populations of Fagus orientalis Lipsky in the Caspian forests of northern Iran.
Investigation of some characteristics of young beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the regeneration holes of irregular larch system (Femelschlag). 2010. The role of forest biodiversity in the sustainable use of ecosystem goods and services in agriculture, agro-forestry and forestry.
Population dynamics of cuscus in tourist island of Ahe, District of Nabire, Papua
Results of preliminary observations indicated that the distribution of cuscus in the research area was uniform, so the beach of Ahe Island was used as a baseline. Monitoring of cuscus was carried out simultaneously by 5 groups of 2 people (1 identified and recorded and 1 measured the distance from objects to transect). Detailed description of the number of individuals, sex and age class of cuscus by species is shown in table 1.
In general, the active time of cuscus in Ahe Island, the period when cuscus left the nest/shelter to return to rest or hide, was from 6:00 PM to 5:00 AM EIT (East Indonesia Time). This species of cuscus had at least 7-10 pairs with a reproductive pair count of around 7 pairs. In order to find out the adaptation process of cuscus to the conditions of Ahe Island as its new habitat, the population dynamics of cuscus was derived from the table.
If we connect it with the existing number of breeding pairs of cuscus (7 pairs), then the cuscus in the region, especially Spilocuscus maculatus, is quite productive, that is, 7-8 children in a 3-year period. In general, the active time of the couscous on Ahe Island was from 18:00 to 05:00 EIT (East Indonesia Time), the period from when these animals started to move until it returned to rest or hide.
Evolution of oviposition behavior in gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) in Hyrcanian forests, North of Iran
Evolution of egg-laying behavior in a nurse (Lymantria dispar) in Hyrcanian forests, north of Iran. 2, 2.5 m) on the trunk of four common host tree species, including Zelkova carpinifolia, P. Lechowicz and Jobin (1983) studied the effects of assessing the susceptibility of tree species to bark beetle attack. Analysis of variance of careless moth egg mass in diameter at breast height of defoliated trees.
Mean egg masses of gypsy moth in classified diameter at breast height (dbh) of host tree species in Daland Park, Golestan State Region. Average egg masses of gypsy moth in 2009 for insects that fed on the different host tree species. The better conditions for growth and development of gypsy moth in forest areas make available (Gent and Onken 2004).
We found that the main host tree species of the gypsy moth in Iran was Persian irongrass, Parrotia persica. Main host tree species of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Hyrcanian forests.
Ethnobotanical study and nutrient content of local vegetables consumed in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
CHOTIMAH et al.–Indigenous vegetables consumed in Central Kalimantan 107 Kalimantan by conducting an initial survey to collect basic. Literally, 'dayak' means rural community and is a collective term for various ethnic groups that differ in language, art forms and many elements of culture and social organization (MacKinnon et al. 2000). Some vegetables are not specially cultivated or grow wild in the forest without human intervention.
Study sites in districts (A) Palangkaraya, (B) Pulang Pisau and (C) Seruyan, in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The rhizome of the plant contains antioxidant flavonoids (Huang et al. 2003) and is widely used in Chinese herbal medicine as an antipyretic and antiphlogistic agent (Chiu and Chang 1992). This plant is native to Africa and is now cultivated in many areas such as Asia, Middle East and Southern States of the USA (Calisir et al. 2005; Adelakun et al. 2009; Sengkhamparn et al. 2010), but is little known in Indonesia.
Contributing factors are due to the presence of vitamins and provitamins (Ismail et al. 2004). Exploration conducted in three districts found 42 types of local vegetables consumed by the local people of Central Kalimantan.
Authors Index
Subject Index
List of Peer Reviewers
YAHYA KOOCH, SEYED MOHSEN HOSSEINI, SEYED MOHAMMAD HOJJATI, ASGHAR FALLAH 25-30 Species composition of underground vegetation in coal mined soil in Central Bengkulu, Indonesia. Observations on arbuscular mycorrhizae associated with important edible tuberous plants grown in wet evergreen forests in Assam, India. Diversity and frequency of macrofungi associated with wet evergreen tropical forest in Assam, India.
Fungal diversity associated with bamboo litter of Bambusetum from Rain Forest Research Institute, Northeast India. Effect of gap size of selective cutting method on plant species diversity and composition in beech (Fagus orientalis) forests, Ramsar, Mazandaran Province, North of Iran. A-5 Evolution of oviposition behavior in gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) in Hyrcanian forests, north of Iran.
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Names of subspecies up to phylum must be written in italics, except in italicized sentences. Scientific name (genus, species, author) and cultivar or strain should be mentioned in full the first time it is mentioned, especially for taxonomic manuscripts. Manuscript of original research should be written in no more than 25 pages (including tables and figures), each page containing 700-800 words or proportional to the article in this publication issue.
The title of the article should be written in a compact, clear and informative sentence, preferably no more than 20 words. The name and institution address must also be written in full, including street name and house number (city), zip code, telephone number, fax number and e-mail address. Results and discussion should be written as a series of connecting sentences, but for manuscripts with long discussions they should be divided into subtitles.
The sentence originating from many authors should be structured based on the past year. Names of journals must be abbreviated according to the ISSN List of Title Word Abbreviations (www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php).
