(2018) ‘BIOMASS PELLET FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES (OP-EFB)’, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1(1), pp

OPTIMIZATION OF BIOMASS PELLETS FROM Page 75 of 78 EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH THROUGH ACID PRETREATMENT

Firman Nugroho REFERENCES

Abdullah, N. and Sulaiman, F. (2013) ‘The properties of the washed empty fruit bunches of oil palm’, Journal of Physical Science, 24(2), pp. 117–137.

Abdullah, N., Sulaiman, F. and Gerhauser, H. (2011) ‘Characterisation of oil palm empty fruit bunches for fuel application’, Journal of Physical Science, 22(1), pp. 1–

24.

Aditya, R. F. (2018) ‘BIOMASS PELLET FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES (OP-EFB)’, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1(1), pp. 1–8.

doi: 10.1109/robot.1994.350900.

Agatha, F. (2019) ‘APPLICATION OF EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH WASTE FOR BIOMASS PELLETS WITH CHEMICAL PRE-TREATMENT (EFB)’, Foreign Affairs, 91(5), pp. 1689–1699. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.

Aslam, U. et al. (2016) ‘Effect of demineralization on the physiochemical structure and thermal degradation of acid treated indigenous rice husk’, Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 18(3), pp. 117–121. doi: 10.1515/pjct-2016-0057.

Brunerová, A. et al. (2018) ‘Bio-pellet fuel from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB):

Using European standards for quality testing’, Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(12).

doi: 10.3390/su10124443.

Bumidayaresources (2017) Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Pellet Development Project.

Available at: https://www.bumidayaresources.com/products/efb-pellet/.

Christianty, N. A. (2014) ‘BIOPELET CANGKANG DAN TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF TERBARUKAN’, (c), pp. 1–43. doi: 10.16526/j.cnki.11-4762/tp.2014.11.051.

Das, O. and Sarmah, A. K. (2015) ‘Mechanism of waste biomass pyrolysis: Effect of physical and chemical pre-treatments’, Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier B.V., 537, pp. 323–334. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.076.

Diputra, P. (2017) ‘Biopelet batang kelapa sawit sebagai energi alternatif terbarukan dengan pre-treatment demineralisasi’.

Djama, M. (2019) Sustainability Standard in Oil Palm Industry: An Overview.

Available at: https://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/malaysia/.

OPTIMIZATION OF BIOMASS PELLETS FROM Page 76 of 78 EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH THROUGH ACID PRETREATMENT

Firman Nugroho EIA (2018) Biomass—renewable energy from plants and animals. Available at:

https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/biomass/.

Fisafarani, H. (2010) Identifikasi Karakteristik Sumber Daya Biomassa dan Potensi Bio-Pellet di Indonesia, Universitas Indonesia, Depok (in Bahasa).

García-Maraver, A., Popov, V. and Zamorano, M. (2011) ‘A review of European standards for pellet quality’, Renewable Energy. Elsevier Ltd, 36(12), pp. 3537–3540.

doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2011.05.013.

Hasan, M. H., Mahlia, T. M. I. and Nur, H. (2012) ‘A review on energy scenario and sustainable energy in Indonesia’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.

Elsevier Ltd, 16(4), pp. 2316–2328. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2011.12.007.

Kusumaningrum, W. B. and Munawar, S. S. (2014) ‘Prospect of bio-pellet as an alternative energy to substitute solid fuel based’, Energy Procedia. Elsevier B.V., 47, pp. 303–309. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.229.

Lamanda, D. D. and Setyawati, D. (2011) ‘KARAKTERISTIK BIOPELET BERDASARKAN KOMPOSISI SERBUK BATANG KELAPA SAWIT DAN

ARANG KAYU LABAN DENGAN JENIS PEREKAT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF TERBARUKAN’, 3, pp. 313–321.

Liu, Q. (2017) ‘Pretreatment and Posttreatment Approaches for Reducing Biomass Inorganic Impurities during Gasification’.

Liu, X. and Bi, X. T. (2011) ‘Removal of inorganic constituents from pine barks and switchgrass’, Fuel Processing Technology. Elsevier B.V., 92(7), pp. 1273–1279. doi:

10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.01.016.

Ma, Y. et al. (2019) ‘The effect of acid washing pretreatment on bio-oil production in fast pyrolysis of rice husk’, Cellulose. Springer Netherlands, 26(15), pp. 8465–8474.

doi: 10.1007/s10570-019-02589-5.

Mawardi, I., Usman, R. and Hs, A. (2019) ‘Peningkatan Karakteristik Biopellet Kayu Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif’, 3(1), pp. 230–234.

Munawar, S. S. and Subiyanto, B. (2014) ‘Characterization of Biomass Pellet Made from Solid Waste Oil Palm Industry’, Procedia Environmental Sciences. Elsevier B.V., 20, pp. 336–341. doi: 10.1016/j.proenv.2014.03.042.

Otti (2014) ‘Sustainable Oil Palm Waste Management in Engineering Development’.

Pattiya, A., Chaow-U-Thai, A. and Rittidech, S. (2013) ‘The influence of pretreatment techniques on ash content of cassava residues’, International Journal of Green

Energy, 10(5), pp. 544–552. doi: 10.1080/15435075.2012.703629.

PelHeat.com (2014) The Beginners Guide to Pellet Production.

OPTIMIZATION OF BIOMASS PELLETS FROM Page 77 of 78 EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH THROUGH ACID PRETREATMENT

Firman Nugroho Pramadhana, A. N. (2018) ‘IMPROVEMENT OF COMBUSTION QUALITY OF BIOMASS BRIQUETTE’, (15).

Puspitasari, E. (2014) ‘Karakteristik biopelet campuran cangkang dan pelepah kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)’, p. 30. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198802113180602.

Singh, R. and Setiawan, A. D. (2013) ‘Biomass energy policies and strategies:

Harvesting potential in India and Indonesia’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Elsevier, 22, pp. 332–345. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.01.043.

Surono, U. B. (2010) ‘Peningkatan Kualitas Pembakaran Biomassa Limbah Tongkol Jagung sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif dengan Proses Karbonisasi dan Pembriketan’.

Sutikno (2017) ‘Pretreatment Empty Fruit Bunch of Oil Palm Tree for Improving Enzymatic Saccharification’.

TAMSI-DMSI (2010) Facts of Indonesian Oil Palm.

Tarrsini, M. and Ng, Q. H. (2019) ‘Enhancement of holocellulose accessibility in Chokanan mango (Mangifera indica) leaves via acid and alkaline pretreatment’, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2124(July). doi: 10.1063/1.5117064.

Tasri, A. and Susilawati, A. (2014) ‘Selection among renewable energy alternatives based on a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in Indonesia’, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. Elsevier Ltd, 7, pp. 34–44. doi:

10.1016/j.seta.2014.02.008.

Twidell, J. and Weir, T. (2015) Renewable Energy Resources.

Wang, H. et al. (2011) ‘Effect of acid, alkali, and steam explosion pretreatments on characteristics of bio-oil produced from pinewood’, Energy and Fuels, 25(8), pp.

3758–3764. doi: 10.1021/ef2004909.

Widjaya, E. R. and Triwahyudi, S. (2018) ‘Potensi Pengembangan Bio-Pelet Bebahan Baku Limbah Kelapa Sawit’, Prosiding Seminar Nasional PERTETA, (January), pp.

237–245.

Yoo, H. M. et al. (2018) ‘Removal Effect of Ash and Metallic Species by Washing from Empty Fruit Bunch Byproducts in Palm Mills on Pyrolytic Characteristics to Produce Bio-Crude Oil’, Waste and Biomass Valorization. Springer Netherlands, 9(3), pp. 491–502. doi: 10.1007/s12649-016-9807-7.

Yuliansyah, A. T. (2009) ‘Development of Indonesian oil palm industry and effective utilization of solid residue’.

Zafar, S. (2019) Energy Potential of Empty fruit bunches.

Zubaidah, D. A. (2019) ‘UTILIZATION OF OIL PALM MESOCARP (OPM) AS RAW MATERIAL OF BIOPELET AS ENERGY SOURCE’, Australian Journal of Crop Science, (13(07) 2019). doi: 10.21475/ajcs.19.13.07.