A Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation | i Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation. The Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation provides a solid foundation for future blue economy policy planning and implementation in Indonesia.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation | ix Sound policies and regulations are essential to tackle those challenges. The framework of blue economy development outlined in this document also suggests that Indonesia should use the ocean resources to develop renewable energy, bio-economy and biotechnology, research and education.
INTRODUCTION
The final section will discuss the significance of the blue economy for Indonesia's economic change and regional economic development. Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation | 3 Chapter 3 focuses on the sustainable blue economy and discusses the key components of sustainability.
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DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT
- Transformation of Indonesia for Inclusive and Sustainable Development
- The Urgency of Blue Economy Development for Indonesia’s Economic Transformation
- The Course of Blue Economy Development in Indonesia
- Blue Economy for Local Economic Development
- Blue Economy and Sustainable Development Goals
6 | Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation 2.1 The COVID-19 Crisis and the Economic Challenge for Indonesia. 10 | Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation These trends push Indonesian people to increase their ability to respond to and participate in digital transformation.
SUSTAINABLE BLUE ECONOMY FRAMEWORK FOR INDONESIA
Concept and Scope
The sustainable ocean economy is understood as part of a new wave of economic thinking that emphasizes the sustainable use and conservation of natural resources in the world's oceans, seas and coastal areas for sustainable development, in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (OECD, 2020b). This includes ocean-based and coastal economic activities that explicitly integrate sustainability (e.g. such as sustainable fisheries, sustainable tourism, etc.) as well as specific actions to reduce marine pollution and improve ocean health (SDG14 targets 14.2 and 14.3), to conserve marine and coastal ecosystems (SDG14 target 14.2 and 14.5), and to increase resilience and climate action.
Challenges and Opportunities
Based on the above concept and scope of ocean economy, the Blue Economy Development Framework outlined in this document proposes the following space to categorize traditional, emerging and environmental activities (Table 3.1). Existing industries that transition to more environmentally sustainable practices can also benefit from blue economy development.
- Aquaculture
- Seafood Processing
- Seaports
- Shipbuilding and Repair
- Offshore Oil and Gas (Shallow Water)
- Marine Manufacturing and Construction
- Marine Business Services
- Marine R&D and Education
- Coastal Flood Defense (Dredging)
- Emerging Sectors .1 Renewable Energy
- Marine Biotechnologies
The Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that approximately 35 percent of the global harvest is either lost or wasted each year (FAO, 2020a). Over three quarters of the global market was accounted for by Asia, with China and Korea alone accounting for more than half. Induced contribution was the effect of the additional consumption of employees (directly and indirectly) employed in the sector.
First, there could be a loss of income due to the degradation of the natural landscape that attracts tourists and residents. It is therefore important to include coastal protection against flooding or dredging as one of the existing ocean-based sectors to be taken into account in the development of the blue economy. However, the gap between developed and developing countries in bioprospecting is widening, with ten developed countries accounting for more than 98 percent of patents related to a gene of marine origin (Blasiak et al., 2018).
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may have long-lasting effects on marine-based sectors in general.
Current Development of Blue Economy: Some Best Practices
- The Eradication of IUU Fishing in Indonesia for Fisheries Resources Sustainability The Indonesian Government through Presidential Regulation No. 115 of 2015 endeavor to strengthen
- Managing Marine Protected Area
- Making Near-Shore Fish Stocks More Sustainable through Improved Fisheries Management and Capacity Building in Indonesia
- Norwegian Sustainable Ocean Policies and International Engagements
- Maldives Ventures into the Blue Economy
Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation | 33 and coastal fisheries management, this project will increase the environmental sustainability of the fishing sector while strengthening fishermen's livelihoods and food security. Reducing litter and plastic in the oceans is one of the central challenges that the Norwegian government has set on the international arena. In 2017, the government published its Ocean Strategy for New Growth, together with two white papers 'The Place of the Oceans in Norway's Foreign and Development Policy' and 'Update of the Integrated Management Plan for the Norwegian Sea'.
The goal is to balance increased activity and continued value creation with environmental needs and sustainable use of the ocean. A report on the significance of the ocean for Norway and the world was also published in 2021. The capital Malé, where a third of the population lives, shows that achieving environmental sustainability is possible.
Now, the World Bank is supporting the construction of a sewage treatment plant in Hulhumalé, south of North Male Atoll, to prevent the release of untreated sewage into the ocean.
- Indonesia Commitments in International Cooperation
- Institutional Framework
Regulation on the protection of energy and mineral resources and non-conventional natural resources based on the blue economy. Indonesia also recognized the importance of partnership between countries that support the development and cooperation of the blue economy. Jakarta Declaration on Blue Economy - Indian Ocean Rim Association Declaration on Blue Economy in the Indian Ocean Region (Jakarta, 8-10 May 2017).
Joint declaration on cooperation in the field of blue economy between Sweden and Indonesia (Stockholm, 25 October 2021). Sweden has recently developed its maritime strategy while Indonesia is developing its roadmap for the blue economy. The Indonesia's blue economy development recognizes the importance for Indonesia to adopt integrated ocean management, such as Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) and Integrated Coastal Management.
40 | A Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation Furthermore, significant community and stakeholder engagement is critical to recognizing the rights of sea users while promoting social benefits and sustainable economic activity.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BLUE ECONOMY POTENTIALS IN INDONESIA
Current (Traditional) Sectors .1 Marine Living
- Marine Non-living
- Marine-based Industry
- Tourism
- Trade, transportation, and logistics
- Renewable Energy
- Bioeconomy and Biotechnology
Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation | 45 Figure 4.5 Production base for capture fisheries by province in 2020 (tonnes). Indonesian aquaculture products reach 42 percent of the total fishery products produced (FAO in OECD, 2021). With the increasing demand for fishery products and the challenges of declining capture fisheries production, aquaculture is one of the potential solutions in the development of fisheries in Indonesia.
Indonesia is one of the global leaders in the late 20th century in the energy sector. 62 | Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation Indonesia's Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI), which has also been lower compared to ASEAN countries (UNCTAD, 2020). Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation, New and Future Sectors: Potentials and Development.
Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation | 67 Table 4.3 Most important research projects on the use of algae biorefineries in Europe. Indonesia has the largest mangrove area in the world, accounting for 22.6 percent of the global total (Giri et al., 2011). 74 | Blue economy development framework for Indonesia's economic transformation of the four learning issues to be included in science learning.
Environment and Resource Management
- Circular Economy to Support Blue Economy
A Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation | 75 will improve the quality of four maritime polytechnics in Semarang, Surabaya, Batam and Manad (ILO, 2019a). 76 | A Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation Tourism is also vulnerable to the impacts of marine litter, suffering both direct cleanup costs and indirect costs from lost visitor income. A study by the Making Oceans Plastic Free Initiative estimated that plastic bag pollution costs Indonesia's tourism sector US$140 million in lost revenue annually, with US$55 million in Bali alone (Making Oceans Plastic Free Initiative, 2017).
To support the implementation of the blue economy, Indonesia must move forward towards the circular economy. A fully circular economy is one where waste is minimized and resources are kept in use in a continuous flow by ensuring that unavoidable waste or waste is recycled or recovered. A circular economy aims to preserve the value of products, materials and resources as long as possible by returning them to the product cycle at the end of their use, minimizing the generation of waste.
A circular economy consists of two cycles: a biological cycle, in which waste is returned to nature after use, and a technical cycle, where the product, components or materials are designed and marketed to minimize waste.
SUSTAINABLE BLUE ECONOMY MILESTONES
Blue Economy Roadmap
The roadmap document will also be in line with the national medium-term development plan, which internalizes the principles of the blue economy, and will include future ambitions on how Indonesia can further promote the blue economy. Indonesia should now shape the next initiatives by developing a roadmap for implementing this blue economy framework. It will become the policy framework for the social, environmental and economic sustainability of Indonesia's maritime sectors.
He also spoke to a range of actors, from government agencies and research institutions to private companies, who may be able to help grow Indonesia's blue economy and develop the roadmap for Indonesia's blue economy. Further conversation on how to realize future cooperation in the blue economy sector will take place during the Sweden-Indonesia Sustainability Partnership Week, which will take place from 22-26 November 2021. Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation | 79 Figure 5.1 Joint declaration on cooperation in the area of the blue economy between Sweden and.
The Indonesian Blue Economy Framework will also become the basis for further discussion and collaboration in the following events.
GEF (2018), Conservation Finance, Global Environment Facility, https://www.thegef.org/sites/default/files/publications/GEF%20Assembly_ConservationFinance. ILO (2019a), Improving Indonesia's Maritime Sector through Strengthening Vocational Training, https://www.ilo.org/jakarta/info/public/pr/WCMS_730341/lang--en/index.htm (accessed 7 November 2021 ). IMF (2020), Policy Responses to COVID-19, International Monetary Fund, https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Policy-Responses-to-COVID-19#I.
OECD (2020a), Fiskeri, akvakultur og COVID-19: Problemer og politiske reaktioner, OECD's politiske reaktioner på Coronavirus (COVID-19), http://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/fisheries-aquaculture-and -covid-19-issues-and-policy-responses-a2aa15de/. Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesiens økonomiske transformation | 89 PEMSEA (2015), Blue Economy for Business in East Asia: Towards an Integrated Understanding of Blue Economy, Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA), http://www.pemsea.org/sites/default/ files/Blue_Economy_for_Business_in_East_Asia.pdf. 2019), Laporan Akhir Analisis Potensi Pemanfaatan Limbah Omvendt osmose Sebagai Alternatif Sumber daya Garam. USAID (2019), National Symposium on Marine Spatial Planning Implementation for Indonesia, USAID SEA, https://www.sea-indonesia.org/national-symposium-on-marine-spatial-planning-implementation-for-indonesia/.
Blue Economy Development Framework for Indonesia's Economic Transformation | 91 https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/a3bd7bdd3f21b3906f7dc50a25925f09-.
APPENDIX
Targets and Indicators of Goal 14 SDGs in Indonesia
14.a Increasing scientific knowledge, developing research capacities and transferring marine technology, taking into account the criteria and guidelines of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission for the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve the health of the oceans and increase the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, especially small island developing states and least developed countries.