A copy of the cover sheet for your assignment should be available in your courses on Blackboard or from your teacher. All assignments must be accompanied by a reference list that begins on a separate page at the end of the assignment.
G ENERAL INFORMATION
C OMMON MISTAKES
Also try not to use 'we', for example, "When we look at the 3rd bar of the song, we see this. This should be written as "In the 3rd bar of the song, it can be seen that.
C ONNECTIVES
B ASIC RULES OF GRAMMAR
N OUNS
Personal pronouns can refer to the person/people speaking (first person), to whom is spoken (second person) or what is being spoken about (third person.). I — first person singular They — third person plural Her — third person singular He — third person singular I — first person singular.
V ERBS
S ENTENCE CONSTRUCTION
If you want to say more about the subject (the boy) or the object (the tree), you can add an adjective. If you want to say more about how he climbed the tree, you can use an adverb.
P ARTS OF A SENTENCE
Even if you join several nouns with a conjunction, or several verbs with a conjunction, it remains a simple sentence. They consist of more than one independent clause connected by a coordinating conjunction.
C OMPLEX SENTENCES
Even adding adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases to a simple sentence does not make it a complex sentence. Compound sentences are made up of two or more simple sentences joined together using a conjunction like and, or or but.
T HE ANATOMY OF A SENTENCE
The object is the person or thing affected by the action described in the verb. The direct object refers to a person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb.
C OMMAS
S EMI - COLON AND COLON USE
After a word, phrase, or clause is entered with a colon, the sentence must end with the inserted element. We were offered a choice of desserts: pudding, a variety of pastries and a fruit cocktail, but we were too full to eat another bite.
Probably the best thing you can do to improve your writing is to READ. Set yourself a goal of reading a journal
W RITING NUMBERS
N UMBERS EXPRESSED IN WORDS
For example: “The seven phases of the student life cycle are shown in Figure 3.”. From title of web page, by A. From title of web page, by group author Same as site name, year or n.d.
D OUBLE OR SINGLE QUOTATION MARKS
D EFINITIONS
I N TEXT CITATION RULES FOR CAPITALISATION OF TITLES
If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters or more long within the title of a source (this is called title case): Permanence and Change. Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs: New Media Writing. In the text of your essay, MOST headings are capitalized (according to the rules above), BUT in your reference list, only the first word of the heading will be capitalized (called sentence case).
Capitalize the first word after a hyphen or colon: "Defining Film Rhetoric: The Case of Hitchcock's Vertigo." Write the titles of independent works such as books, reports, periodicals, websites, edited collections, films, television series, documentaries, or albums: Closing the American Mind; The wizard of oz; Friends. You should also put the year of publication or publication after the title the first time you refer to the work in the text of your essay: For example, Dark Side of the Moon (1973), Gone with the Wind (1939).
A BBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
W RITING YOUR ESSAY
Direct quotes of 40 words or less must be placed within the paragraph, enclosed in double quotes. Beginning skills can be learned in undergraduate programs, although many such programs now focus on recuperating research consumers rather than researchers. Please note that quotes of 40 words or more are generally not included in the word count for the assignment.
The conclusion of your essay should use the words of the question and summarize the main points of your essay. It is important that you summarize these points and state them all again (in short, a sentence on each is sufficient) and that you do not just draw your conclusion about whatever you think about the topic in general. Your conclusion should leave the reader convinced that you have answered the question.
U SING QUOTES AND PARAPHRASING
Learning how to get this balance in your writing is all part of what you will be learning throughout your course of study
U SE OF HEADINGS
U SE OF APPENDICES
APA REFERENCING
It is important that you follow the correct procedures and get everything in the right place. Microsoft Word has a built-in referencing element that will help you find the correct format for APA, but you need to know a bit about what it is in order to use it.
I N - TEXT CITATIONS
B OOKS AND JOURNALS
M ULTIPLE AUTHORS
A VOIDING AMBIGUITY – WHICH ONE IS WHICH ?
W ORKS WITH THE SAME AUTHOR AND SAME YEAR
A UTHORS WITH SAME SURNAME
C ITING A SOURCE MULTIPLE TIMES IN ONE PARAGRAPH
W HICH SOURCES SHOULD I USE ?
Is there evidence of some sort of review process before it goes on the internet.
S OURCES THAT YOU HAVEN ’ T READ YOURSELF
P ERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS
When a person is being interviewed for this type of information, they may request that you give them a copy of your interview notes, which they must approve before you use it in your assignment. Since personal communications are non-returnable data, they are not included in the reference list. Include both the initials and the last name of the informant and give the date as accurately as possible.
DOI S AND URLS
F ORMAT OF DOI S AND URLS
It is acceptable to use either the default settings for hyperlinks in your word processing program (eg, usually blue font, underlined) or plain text that is not underlined. The string "https://doi.org/" is a way to represent a DOI as a link, and "xxxxx" refers to the DOI number. Copy and paste the DOI or URL from your web browser directly into your reference list to avoid transcription errors.
Do not manually add line breaks to the hyperlink. It is acceptable if your word processing program automatically adds a break or moves the hyperlink to its own line. Do not add a period (period) after the DOI or URL as this may disrupt link functionality. When a DOI or URL is long or complex, you can optionally use a shortDOI or a shortened URL.
O NLINE SOURCES
For electronic sources that do not number pages, use the paragraph number if available, preceded by the abbreviation of the paragraph. This information will be entered in the list of references (at the end of the essay). The only exception to this is if you generally mention an entire website in your essay, then you would include the name of the website in the text and include the URL in parentheses.
For example, you could write: We created our survey using Qualtrics (https://www.qualtrics.com).
S OCIAL MEDIA
I am working on a new system where there will be competition in the drug industry [Tweet].
B IBLE / Q URAN
D IRECT QUOTATIONS
D IRECT QUOTATION OF MATERIAL WITHOUT PAGE NUMBERS
P ARAPHRASING
R EFERENCING
S OME GENERAL THINGS ABOUT APA 7 TH EDITION
Please note that if you use figures and tables, you must refer to them exactly as you would in an essay.
APA AND ACADEMIC POSTERS
R EFERENCE LIST AND CITATION FORMAT EXAMPLES
B OOKS AND REFERENCE WORKS
Note: Do not use a URL from an online academic library database, as this is not generally accessible to all readers (ie, a student login is required). Add nothing if there is no DOI nor a publicly accessible URL – the reference is the same for a print book. When a book is in another language, include a translation of the book's title in square brackets.
When an online reference work is continuously updated (as with the Merriam-Webster.com dictionary), use "n.d" as the year of publication and include the date of acquisition. Anthologies are collections of several works, either by the same author or organized around the same theme. Fairy Queens - A collection of essays exploring the myths, magic and mythology of fairy queens.
E DITED BOOK CHAPTERS , ENTRIES IN REFERENCE WORKS
Editor (Ed.), Name of encyclopedia or dictionary (Volume number, pp. first page of entry-last page of entry).
P ERIODICALS
Do not include a URL from the library database; in these cases, the reference ends after the page range. Safety and pharmacokinetics of the Fc-modified human HIV-1 monoclonal antibody VRC01LS: An open-label phase 1 clinical trial in healthy adults. Press articles are peer-reviewed, accepted articles that will be published in a journal.
No Author - The entry in the reference list begins with the title of the article and uses sentence capitals. MAGAZINE OR NEWSPAPER ARTICLE WITHOUT DOI, FROM A PRINTED VERSION Both the month and date must be included after the year. If an article appears on broken pages, give all page numbers and separate the numbers with commas (eg, pp. B1, B3, B5-7).
W EBPAGES ON WEBSITES
Do not use a date from a web page or footer, as this date may not indicate when the content on the site was published. If there is no separate date for the work on the web page, treat the work as undated. The author of a web page may not be listed in a normal byline, but it can be determined from context.
For a web page from an organization or government website, the organization or public body itself is the author, unless otherwise stated.
R EPORTS AND GRAY LITERATURE
Ministry of Health, 2019, p. 15) Enter the full name of a group author in the reference list entry. An abbreviation for the group author may be used in the text, but not in the reference list entry. REPORT FROM INDIVIDUAL AUTHOR TO A GOVERNMENT AGENCY OR OTHER ORGANIZATION If the cover or title page lists the names of individuals, treat the reference as individual authors and in the name of the group as part of the source element.
The name of the working group is capitalized in the reference because it is a proper name. Citation of the Independent Working Group on Health and Safety at Work (2013). Independent Task Force on Health and Safety at Work, 2013). If the number is not listed, label it as a question or policy summary in square brackets.
L EGISLATION
C ONFERENCE PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS
Waves into the future, 40. australske New Zealand Association for Research in Music Education (ANZARME) konference, Gold Coast, QLD, Australien.
D ISSERTATIONS AND THESES
C OMPUTER SOFTWARE AND MOBILE APPS
A UDIOVISUAL MEDIA
At the end of the reference, indicate the publication date of this version and the year of the original composition in ( ). If the URL of the podcast is not known (eg if you are accessing through an app), omit the URL. For Title, enter the page name or post caption as the title.
If there is no caption or title for the message, use the first words of the message. Present the individual or group author's name in the same manner as any other reference. The Armson Collins Architectural Drawings Collection, housed in the Macmillan Brown Library, [photo]. https://www.instagram.com/p/BqrJg7Agu75/. University of Canterbury Lib [@uclibrary]. https://www.instagram.com/ulibrary/.
If you need further APA style examples, please refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
W RITING A REFLECTIVE LOG
G UIDELINES FOR PRESENTATIONS
U SEFUL SOURCES
A PPLICATION FOR EXTENSION ON DUE DATE OF SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
