B u i l d i n g anOld
T e s t a m e n t
L i b r a r y
Second E d i t i o n
Th e Southem
B a p t i s t Th e o l o g i c a l
Sen 世 n a r γ
P u b l i s h e d by Daniel I . Block ， D. P h i l . John R . Sampey P r o f e s s o r o f Old T e s t a m e n t I n t e r p r e t a t i o n
w i t h t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f Kenneth Turner
June，2002
Table of Contents Introduction
Background Studies
Old Testament Languages
Grammars & Syntax Studies Dictionaries and Lexica Special Hebrew Studies Old Testament Text and Canon Bible Dictionaries
Old Testament Surveys and Introductions Old Testament Atlases Old Testament Arch配ology Peoples of the Old Testament World Histories of Israel
Old Testament Culture and Custom Old Testament Religion
Old Testament Theology Old Testament Literary Context:
Ancient Near Eastern Texts Pentateuch Studies
Hebrew Historiography Hebrew Poetry Hebrew Wisdom Hebrew Prophets Hebrew Apocalyptic Hermeneutics
Old Testament Commentaries One Volume Commentaries Commentary Series
Book‑by‑book Commentaries
Introduction
Baptists and other evangelicals claim the Bibl
e ‑ ー
Old and New Testaments‑‑as their authority for matters of faith and practice. But this confession is belied by actual practice. Despite Paul's insistence that the entire Old Testament is inspired by God and profitable for teaching，
for reproof，
for correction，
for training in righteousness; that the godly person may be adequate， equipped for every good work" (2 Tim 3:16‑17)，
few believers take the Bible to which he was referring seriously. Much of the blame must fall to their spiritual leaders，
especially pastors，
who trivialize the Old Testa‑ ment by ignoring it andlor misinterpreting it. 1t is time to end the famine for the word of God in this land (cf. Amos 8:11・14).It is time to reintroduce God's people to three‑quarters of the writings recognized by Protes‑ tant churches回 theircanon.But how shall this be achieved? A first step is to diminish the fear which many feel toward the Old Testa‑ ment. People are ignorant of the Old Testament because they are intimidated by it. And they are intimidated by江 because they are ignorant of it. This pocketbook is intended as a first step in resolving this dilemma. Scarcely a week passes without someone asking me for some bibliographic aid. Our aim in producing this book‑ let is to answer some of the questions people ask.
Serious students of Scripture and p田torsrarely ask questions like
，W h
at commentaries are available on the Psalms?" They are generally aware that seminary and college library shelves are full of commentaries on the Psalms. Because their funds for library development are limited，
their requests are more specific，
1f 1 have money to buy one commentary on the Psalms， which one should 1 buy?" This handbook is designed to answer this kind of question.Few will agree with all the judgments we have made. For any given book
，
1 may have omitted a commentary that田mespecialists would have included，
or listed them in an order with which they would not agree. These diι ferences of opinion are ine吋table.1n fact，
it is possible，
nay quite likely
，
that a year from now 1 may change or rearrange my recommendations. 1 am keenly aware of thev.踊tarray of resources available to serious students of the Old Testament. But if we wait with producing a booklet like this until we have it perfect， we would be forever paralyzed and the槌sist組 問itis intended to offer would never be forthcoming.This booklet is designed so it can fit into a purse or shirt pocket and be easily carried and consulted at any time. The Table of Contents above 0首ersan overVlew
2
of its structure. In keeping with the nature of the questions posed to me
，
the majority of entries involve recomm巴ndedcommentaries on individual books. Because the study of the Old Testament requires famil‑ iarity with the linguistic，
geographic，
historical，
and cultural world out of which it emerged，
the lists of commentaries are preceded by a series of recommen‑dations for the study of specific areas of background research. The arrangement and contents of this pocket‑ book are governed by several general assumptions.
First
，
the aim of Old Testament study is to deter‑ mine the meaning of given te託sas intended by the bib‑ lical authors. In order to arrive as close to that meaning as possible the student must work with the original languages of Hebrew and Aramaic. But it is unrealistic toぉsumethat all who preach and teach the Bible know Hebrew，
or to expect that none should do so before they have learned the language. In the absence of facility with Hebrew，
serious students of Scripture will use the most technical resources they can handle. In general pastors should not go to other p田torsfor the interpretation of biblical p回sages;they should go to the experts，
the specialists，
whose life's vocation involves resolving the enigmas and riddles posed by the Scriptures. The volumes listed in this booklet have been selected accord‑ ingly. Not all the recommended works have been writ‑ ten by ev加 gelic剖s，
but this does not me釦 thatthey should not be used. The embarr踊singtruth is that people with a low view of Scripture often take the ωxt more seriously than we do. An experienced student will be able to see through unacceptable presuppositions and filter out objectionable comments while gleaning the kernels of truth that elucidate the text.Second
，
those who are called to teach and to preach the Word of God should not be haphazard or casual in the strategy they follow in building their libraries. In general，
they should begin by purchasing a wide range of general reference works that will familiarize them with the world and the literature of the Old Testament. These early purchases should probably include a one‑volume commentary on the entire Bible，
a good multi‑volume Bible dictionary，
a history of Israel，
a volume on the life and customs of the nation，
etc. Recommended works appear at the beginning of this booklet.Having laid the foundation for the library with a solid collection of basic reference works
，
the student of Scrip‑ ture should build the library one room at a time. Unless one is presented with an exceptional financial deal，
in general the purchase of entire sets of commentaries is discouraged. Because many different scholars are usu‑ ally involved in writing commentary series，
inevitably the quality of individual volumes is uneven. Pastors andteachers should learn which authors are the foremost expe此sin any given field and seek out the works they have produced.
When called upon to teach or preach a series on a specific book
，
the student should purchase two or three of the best commentaries on that book. If we commit ourselves to teachingthe whole counsel of God，" in the course of our ministry we should be able to build up a good library on the entire Old Testament. Ultimately the quality of a library is not measured by the number of volumes on the shelves，
but by the quality of the vol‑ umes found there. It is better to have ten good books written by exegetical expe此sthat will stand the test of time than fifty faddish books whose contents are mediocre or of little long‑range significance.This booklet has been designed accordingly. There is little value in位 haustivec拡aloguesof reference works listed alphabetically. Instead
，
we have tried in general to identify five of the best works available and ωlist them in order of commendation. In some an author's commentary on a single book is published as more than one volume (e.g.，
Gordon Wenham on Genesis). In others，
a book h田 beendivided into several parts and responsibility for the commentary distributed among more than one author (e.g.，
the Word Biblical Commen‑taries in the Psalms). In both cases the commentaries are listed together and counted as a single entry so that the student will have a choice of five reference works on each pa此ofany given book.
While recognizing the fallibility of our judgments and the provisional nature of many of our decisions
，
we offer this booklet as a general guide to a more mature approach to the study of the Old Testament. This bibli‑ ography has been a long time in the making. And 1 have not been alone in the process. 1 am particularly grateful for the assistance of two of my students，
David Frees and Kenneth Turner，
who have lent invaluable aid in typing，
prooιreading，
and editing the document at vari‑ ous stages in its evolution. Without their efforts this project would never have been completed. They join me in expressing gratitude to God who has spoken in times past through his messengers and who continues to speak through his written word. This same God calls us all to be scribes in the tradition of Ezra‑scribes who set our hearts to study，
to apply，
and to teach the word of God (Ezra 7:10). May his church be strengthened and his name be glorified through our effortsDecember
，
19984
Introduction to the Second Edition The author of Ecclesiastes wrote
，
The making of many books is without limit，
and much study is a wearying of the flesh" (12:12; NJPS). Nowhere is this more evident than in the publication of reference works for Bible study. In the last three years we have seen a host of new commentaries and introductions. In this edition we have attempted to bring the preacher，
teacher，
and serious student of the Old Testament up‑to・datein these areas. Again we remind the student and herald of the glory and grace of God revealed in the Old Testa‑ ment that nothing should take the place of serious inductive study of the biblical texts themselves
，
prefer‑ ably in the original languages. The opinions of human authors are fallible and subject to correction; only the Word of God itself is completely authoritative in all that it declares，
affirms，
and implies. Let us all commit ourselves to being scribes in the tradition of Ezra，
who committed himself to studying the authoritative instruc‑ tion of the LORD，
applying its message to himself，
and then proclaiming it to others (Ezra 7:10).May
，
2002May the LORD bless and protect you;
May the LORD smile on you
，
and be gracious to you;
May the LORD show you his favor
，
and give you peace. (Numbers 6:24‑26)
Note: Ifyourwould like to know more about South‑ ern Seminary or seek counsel on further training for ministry complete the card attached at the back of this booklet and mail it to receive further information. We are committed to training men and women for sound evangelical ministry and scholarship that we might together reach a lost world for Jesus Christ (Matthew 28:16・20).If the Lord should lead you our way we would be delighted to work with you.
Old Testament Languages
BIBLICAL TEXTBibliαHebraicαStuttgα.rtensiα. K. ElIiger and W Rudolph
，
e也.Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung，
1967・1977.
Septuαgintα. 2 vols. A. Rahlfs
，
ed. Stuttga目:Wurttemburgische Bibelanstalt
，
1935/1971. EnglishStα.ndαrd Versioη. Wheaton: Crossway，
2001.
TheNewAηten.cαπStαndαrd Bible. Rev. ed. Produced by the Lockman Foundation. Anaheim: Foundation Publications
，
1995.GRAMMARS AND SYNTAX STUDIES Hebrew lntroductions:
Ross
，
A. P. Introducing Biblical Hebrew. Grand Rapids: Baker，
2001.Garrett
，
D. A. A Mod併nGramn叫rfor，Cω
ssical Hebrew. Nashville: Broadman & Holman，
2002. Weingreen，
J. A prαctical Grαη間 協rfor ClassicalHebrew. NewYork: Oxford
，
1959.Seow
，
C. L. A Grammar for BiblicαlHebrew. Nash吋lle:Abingdon，
1995.Gibson
，
J. C. L. Dαvids仰 'sIntroductory Hebrew Grammαr‑Syntαx. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark，
1997. Hebrew Syntax:
Waltke
，
Bruce and M. O'Connor. An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntαx. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns，
1990.Jouon
，
Paul，
and T. Muraoka. A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew. 2 vols. Rome: Pontifical Biblical institute，
1993.
Kautzsch
，
E.，
ed. Gesenius' Hebrew Grαmη叫.r. Trans. by A. E. Cowl句 2nded. Oxford: Clarendon，
1910.
Andersen
，
Francis 1. The Sentence仇Biblical Hebrew. The Hague: Mouton，
1974.. The Hebrew Verbless Clause仇 the Pentαteuch. Nashville: Abingdon
，
1970. Concordances:Even‑Shoshan
，
Abraham. A New Concordαnce ofthe Bible. Jer凶alem:Kiryat Sepher，
1981.Mandelkern
，
Solomon. l‑恒例isTestαηtenti6
CancordαntiαeHebraicαeαtのaChαldaicαe. TelAviv: Schocken
，
1974.Hatch
，
Edwin，
and Henry A. Redpath. A Cancordαηce to the Septuαgint. With Introductory Essay" by Robert Kraft and Emanuel To， v
and Hebrew/Aramaic Index to the Septuagint，" by Takamitsu Muraoka. Grand Rapids: Baker， 1998.
Thomas
，
Robe此L.，
ed. New AmericαπStαηdω‑d Exhαustive Cancordαηce of the Bible. N路hville:Holman
，
1981.DICTIONARIES AND LEXICA
Koehler
，
Ludwig，
and Walter Baumgartner. The HebrewαηdAr，仰 悶icLexican of the OldTestαment. 5 vols. New York: E. J. Brill
，
1994・2000.VanGemeren， Wilhem A.， ed. New Internαtianα1 Dictionα.ry of Old Testαηumt Theology and Exegesis. 5 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan
，
1997. Jenni，
Ernst，
and Claus Westermann，
eds. TheologicαlLexican ofthe Old Testαηwη .tTrans. by M. E. Biddle. Peabod
， y
MA: Hendrickson，
1997. Botterweck，
G. Johannes，
and H. Ringgren，
eds.T九eologicalDictim回.ryof the Old Testα.ment.9 vols. to date. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans
，
1974・1998. Brown，
Francis. The New Broum‑Driver‑Briggs‑Gesenius Hebrew品 tglishLexican. PeabodぁMA:
Hendrickson
，
1979.SPECIAL HEBREW STUDIES
Tov
，
Emmanue. lTextuαl Criticぬm ofthe Hebrew Bible. Minneapolis: Fortress，
1992.Wurthwein， Ernst. The Text of the Old Testαηumt. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans， 1988.
Mulder
，
Martin Jan，
ed. Mikra: Text，
Translatian，
Reading and Interpretαtian ofthe Hebrew Bible伽AncientJudα伝m仰 dEarly Christ旬nity. Philadelphia: Fortress
，
1988.Yeivin
，
Israe l.Introductian to the TiberiαnMiαsorah. Missoula: Scholars Press，
1980.Barr， James. CmηpαTαtive Philologyαnd the Text of the Old Testαment. Oxford: Oxford Press， 1968.
Old Testament Text and Canon
Beckwith
，
Roger. The Old TestαmentGαn側 ojthe New Testament ChurchαndltsBαckground伽Eα，rlyJudαism. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans
，
1985. Vasholz，
Robert 1. The Old Testα，ment Gα，non伽the Old Testαment Church: The 1ηternαtioηαt Rαtionαle jor Old Testament Gαnon似 ty.
Lewiston: Edwin Mellen
，
1990.Trebolle Barrera
，
Julio. The四
" '
JishBibleαndtheChristiαηBible. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans
，
1998.Bible Dictionaries
Dougl
ぉ ，
J. D.，
ed. The IUustrα，
ted Bible Dict仰阻叩・3 vols. Downers Grove: InterVarsit
， y
1980. Free也nan，
David Noel，
ed The Anchor BibleDictionαry・6vols. Garden City: Doubleday
，
1992. Bromiley，
G.， . w
ed. The In俗nωtionαlStαπdα，rdBible Encycl叩ediα.3 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans
，
1979・1988.Tenne
， y
Merril C.，
ed. The Z側，dervαηPictσriαlBible Encyclopediα. Re叫seded. Grand Rapids: Zondervan，
1967.Old Testament Surveys and Introductions L必or
，
William S.，
David A. Hubbard，
and FrederickW. Bush. Old Testament Survey: The Messαge
，
Form，
andBαc均roundoj the Old Testament. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans，
1996. Dillard，
Raymond E.，
and Tremper Longman III.AηIntroductioηto the Old Testαment. Grand Rapids: Zondervan
，
1994.Harrison
，
Roland K. Introduction to the Old Testα，ment. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans，
1969. Childs，
Brevard S. Introduct仰lto the Old Testα.mentωScripture. Philadelphia: Fo此ress
，
1979. Archer，
Gleason L.A Survey ojOld TestαmentIntroduction. Rev. ed. Chicago: Mood
， y
1994.Old Testament Atlases
Brisco
，
Thomas V. Holrr協ηBibleAtlas. Nashville: Broadman & Holman，
1998.Beitzel
，
Barry J. The Moody Atlas ojthe Bible. Chicago: Moody，
1985.B
Rasmussen
，
Carl G. The NIV Atlas ofthe Bible. Grand Rapids: Zondervan，
1989.Pritchard
，
James B.，
ed. The Hlα.rper Atlαs ofthe Bible. New York: Harper Row，
1977.Bahat
，
Dan. The Illustrlαted Atlas of Jer羽salem. New York: Simon & Schuster，
1990.Old Testament Archaeology
Maz訂;Amihai. Archαeology of the Lα.nd ofthe Bible‑l0
，
OOO・586B. C.E. New York: Doubled昭1990.
Fagan
，
Brian M. T.加 OxfordCompαnianto Archaeoω
'gy. New York: Oxford，
1996. Ben‑Tor，
Amnon，
ed. The ArchαeologyザAncientIsrael. New Haven
，
CN: Yale University Press，
1992.Stern
，
Ephraim，
ed. The New Encyclopediαof ArchaeologicαlExcαvαtions伽 theHoly Lαηd. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society&
Carta; New York: Simon & Schuster，
1993.Thompson
，
John A. The Bibleα.ndArchαeology. Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans，
1972.Millard
，
Alan R. Treω，ures from Bible T:加U3S.官ing，
England: Lion，
1985.Peoples o f the Old Testament World
Wiseman，
Donald J.，
ed. Pe叩lesof Old Testαmentηmes. Oxford: Clarendon
，
1973.Hoerth
，
Alfred J.，
Gerald L. Matting~ぁ andEdwin M. Yamauchi，
eds. Peoples ofthe Old Testαment W匂rld.Grand Rapids: Baker，
1994.H i s t o r i e s o f I s r a e l
Bright
，
John. A Histo叩 ofIsγα，el.4th ed with an introduction and appendix by W. P. Brown. Louisville: Westminster John Knox，
2001. Hayes，
John H.，
and J. Maxwell Miller，
eds. IsraeliteαndJudeαηHistσry・Philadelphia:Westminster
，
1977.】(aiser
，
Walter C. A Su'問 eyofIsrael's Histσry. Nash叫lle:Broadman&
Holman，
1997.Merrill
，
Eugene H. Ki伽，gdomof Priests: A Histσryof Old Testαm側 tIsrael. Grand Rapids: Baker，
1987.Soggin
，
J. Albe此o.A History of Aηcient Israel Philadelphia: Westminster，
1984.Old Testament Culture and Custom King
，
Philip J.，
and Lawrence E. Stager. Life inBiblicαlIsrael. Louisville: Westminster John Knox
，
2001.De Vaux
，
Roland. Ancient IsrαeL. Its Lifeαnd Iηstitutions. 2 vols. New York: McGraw‑Hill
，
1961. Perdue，
Leo G.，
Joseph Blenkinsopp，
John J. Collins，
and Carol Meyers. Flαmilies in Ancient Israel. Louis叫lle:Westminster/John Knox
，
1997. Clements，
Ronald E.，
ed. The s匂rldofAηcz開 tIsrael. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
，
1989.Westbrook
，
Raymond. Propertyω2d the Flαη2ily伽BiblicαlLαw. Sheffield: JSOT Press
，
1991. Jamieson‑Drake，
David W. Scribesα.nd Schools inMonα，rchicJudα九・ASocio・α，rcheologicαl Approαch. Sheffield: Almond Press
，
1991.Religion of Israel and the Surrounding Peoples
Miller
，
Patrick D.，
Jr.，
Paul D. Hanson，
and S. Dean McBride，
eds. Ancient Is'nαelite Religion. Philadelphia: Fortress，
1987.Albe此z
，
Rainer. A Hist併yofIsrαelite Religi倒 的the Old Testα，ment Period. 2 vols. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox
，
1994.Van der Toorn
，
Karel，
Bob Becking，
and Pieter W. van der Horst. Dictωηα叩 ofDeities側 dDのηons伽the Bible. Rev. ed. Leiden/Grand Rapids: BrilV Eerdmans
，
1999.Old Testament Theology
Wright
，
Christopher J. H. Know伽，gJesus Through the Old Testαηzent. Downers Grove: InterVarsity，
1992.
Martens
，
Elmer A. God's Design: A FoαlS on Old Testαmeηt Theology. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Baker，
1994.
Dumbrell
，
William. Creαtionα.nd Covenαnt. London: Patenoster Press，
1984.Barr
，
James. The G側 C叩tof Biblical Theology. London: SCM，
1999.10
House
，
Paul. Old Testα.ment Theology. Downers Grove: InterVarsity，
1998.Kaiser
，
Walter C. TowardαηOld Testα.ment Theology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan，
1978. Ollenberger，
Ben C.，
Elmer A. Martens，
and GerhardF. Hasel
，
eds. The Flowering of Old Testαηwηt Theology: A Reαder伽 Tw開 tieth‑Centu叩 Old Testα.ment Theology，
1930・1990.Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns，
1992.Eichrodt
，
Walter. Theology of the Old Testαment. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Westminster，
1967.Von Rad
，
Gerhard Old Testα.ment Theology. 2 vols. New York: Harper & Row，
1962/1965.Brueggemann
，
Walter. Theology of the Old Testament: Testimany，
Dispute，
Advocacy・Minneapolis: Fortress
，
1997. Old Testament Literary Context:Ancient Near Eastern Texts
Hallo
，
W W，
ed. The Cantext of Scripture: Cα.nanicαlCmη:positians Frm.n the Biblical World. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill，
1997.Hallo
，
W W，
ed. The Cantext of Scripture: M側 umentall.加 criptiansf r
m.n the BiblicαlWorld. Vol. 2. Leiden: Brill
，
2000.Pritchard
，
James B.，
ed. AηcientNeαrEαstern Texts Relati.ng to the Old Testα，ment. 3rd ed Princeton: Princeton University Press，
1969.Foster
，
Be吋aminR. Before the M悩es:A.n A.nthologyQ μ
kkαdiαπLiterαture. 2 vols. Bethesda: Maryland，
1993.Parker
，
Simon B.，
ed. Ugα，ritic Mαγrαtive Poetry・SBL Writings from the Ancient World 9. Atlanta: Scholars Press
，
1997.Pentateuch Studies
Whybray
，
Robert N. The Miαk伽，goftheR側 tateuch: A Methodological Study. Sheffield: JSOT Press，
1994.
C出suω
，
Umberto. The Documentα，ry Hypothesis αηdthe 0側 :positianof the Pentαt側 ch:Eight Lectures. Rev. ed. Jerusalem: Magnes，
1983. Blenkinsopp，
Joseph. 1克ePentαteuch:A.nI.ntroducti叩 tothe First Five Books ofthe Bible. New York: Doubleda
， y
1992.Crusemann
，
Fr皿k.ηlETorαh: TheologyαndSociαt History of Old TestαηwηtLαw. Minneapolis: Fortress，
1996.Noth
，
Martin. A History of Pentαteuchαl Traditians. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall，
1972.Hebrew H i s t o r i o g r a p h y
Howard
，
Da吋dM.Aηlntroductianto the Old Testαment Historical Books. Chicago: Mood，ぁ 1993.Hamilton
，
Victor P. Hα，
ndbook an the Historicαl Books. Grand Rapids: Baker，
200l.Alter
，
Robert. The Art of Biblical Nα，
rrαtive. New York: Basic Books，
1981.Berlin
，
Adele. Poeticsαηdlnterpretαtian of Biblicαt Nαγrαtive. Sheffield: Almond，
1983.Long
，
V. Phillips. The Art of BiblioαlHistory・Grand Rapids: Eerdmans，
1994.Millard
，
Alan R.，
et a， . l
eds. Faith，
Traditian，
and History: Old Testαment Historiogrlα:phy伽lts Ancient Near Eωtの7l.Cantext. Winona Lake:Eisenbrauns
，
1994.Long
，
V. Phillips，
ed. Isγαel'sPIαst伽Present Reseαrc・九Essαysan Ancient Isrαelite Historiogrα:phy. SBTS 7. Winona Lake:Eisenbrauns
，
1999.Hebrew P o e t r y
Alter
，
Robe此.The Art of Biblicαl Poetry. N ew York: Basic Books，
1985.Alonso・Schokel
，
Luis. A M<αηual of Hebrew Poetics. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute，
1988.Berlin
，
Adele. The Dynαmics of Biblical Pα，
Tα:llelism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press，
1985. Kugel，
James. The ldeαof Biblical Poetry，
Pαrallelismαπd lts History. New Haven: Yale University Press
，
1981.Petersen
，
David L.，
and Kent H. Richards. lnterpreting Hebrew Poetry. Minneapolis:Fortress Press
，
1992.Watson
，
Wilfred G. E. Classical Hebrew Poetry: A Guide to Its Techniques. Sheffield: JSOT Press，
1986.12
Hebrew Wisdom
Murphy
，
Roland K. The Tree of L俳 :An Exploration ofBiblicαl Wisdom Literαture. New York: Doubleda， y
1990.Crenshaw
，
James L. Old 持stα，mentWisdmη: Aηlntroduction. Atlanta: John Knox，
1981. Scott，
R. B. Y. The Way ofWis出m伽 theOldTestαment. New York: Macmillan
，
1971. Von Rad，
Gerhard. Wisdom伽Israel.N田hville:Abingdon
，
1972.Gammie
，
John G.，
and Leo G. Perdue. The 8α，ge伽Isrαel and the Ancient Near Eαst. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns
，
1990.Hebrew Prophets
Blenkinsopp
，
Joseph. A History of Prophecy伽Isγαel. Rev. ed Louisville: Westminster/John Knox
，
1996.
Gordon， Robert ，.Ped. This Place is Too 8mαllFor Us: Thelsrαelite Prophets in Recent Scholαrship. SBTS 5. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns
，
1995.Lindblom
，
Johannes. Prophecy in Ancieηtlsrαel. Oxford: Basil Blackwell，
1962.I
Westermann，
Claus. B由 化FormsザPropheticI
8peech. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox，
1991.l一一一•Prophetic Oracles of 8
，
αlvαtion伽 theOldI
Testαment. Louisville:鴨 stminster/JohnKnox，
I 1991.Bullock
，
C. Hassel. An lntroduction to the Old Testαmeηt PropheticαlBooks. Chicago: Moody，
1986.
Hebrew A p o c a l y p t i c
Collins
，
John J.，
ed. The Encycω
Ipediαof Apocαlypticism. New York: Continuum，
1998. Morris，
Leon. Apocαlyptic. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans，
1972.
Collins
，
John J.，
ed. Apocαlypse: The Morphology of αGenre. Semeia 14. Missoula: Scholars Press，
1979.
Hanson
，
P. D. The DαωηofApocαlyptic. Philadelphia: Fortress，
1975.Russell
，
D. S. The Method αndMessαgeofJewish Apocαlyptic. OTL. Philadelphia: Westminster，
1964.
Hermeneutics and History of Interpretation Stein
，
Robe比ABαsicGuide to Interpretiη. g
theBible: Plαyin
. g
by the Rules. Grand Rapids: Baker，
1994.Klein
，
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